ASTM D5499-94(2021)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Heat Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems
Standard Test Methods for Heat Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The results obtained by these test methods can be used in combination with other test methods for the selection of a lining in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems.
3.2 These methods are intended to evaluate effects of heat alone upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steel substrate. These methods do not produce the thermal gradient that may exist in actual applications. Actual lining performance may also be effected by concurrent physical mechanical or chemical effects.
3.3 These methods evaluate major failure modes of linings applied to square test panels.
3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°C) and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other temperatures may be evaluated as desired.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the resistance of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates to elevated temperatures. Two separate methods are included as follows:
1.1.1 Test Method A Continuous elevated temperature exposure, and
1.1.2 Test Method B Cycling elevated temperature exposure.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Jan-2021
- Technical Committee
- D33 - Protective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
- Drafting Committee
- D33.09 - Protective Lining for Air Quality Control Systems
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2019
- Refers
ASTM D661-93(2019) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints - Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2019
- Refers
ASTM D660-93(2019) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints - Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2019
- Refers
ASTM D772-18 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints - Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2011
- Refers
ASTM D661-93(2011) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints - Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2011
- Refers
ASTM D660-93(2011) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints - Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2008
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2008
- Refers
ASTM D660-93(2005) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints - Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2005
- Refers
ASTM D661-93(2005) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints - Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2005
Overview
ASTM D5499-94(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Heat Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems defines test methods for evaluating the resistance of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates when exposed to elevated temperatures. Developed by ASTM, this standard supports the selection and performance assessment of polymer linings used in the aggressive environments of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems.
The standard provides two primary test methods: continuous elevated temperature exposure and cyclic elevated temperature exposure. These laboratory tests focus on thermal effects alone, not simulating complete field operating conditions, but they are critical in qualifying and comparing polymer linings intended to prevent corrosion and degradation in high-temperature FGD system applications.
Key Topics
- Heat Resistance Evaluation: Details procedures to expose polymer linings to high temperatures, specifically 200°F (93°C) and 350°F (177°C), simulating maximum operating conditions typical within FGD systems.
- Test Methods:
- Test Method A - Continuous elevated temperature exposure.
- Test Method B - Cycling between elevated and ambient temperatures.
- Panel Assessment: Specifies methods for visual and physical inspection of test panels for key failure modes, including:
- Blistering
- Cracking
- Flaking
- Softening
- Loss of adhesion
- Standardized Procedures: Outlines substrate preparation, application of polymer lining, conditioning protocols, and documented evaluation steps to ensure reproducible results.
- Performance Reporting: Requires documentation of all relevant test parameters including manufacturer data, preparation details, exposure conditions, and inspection results.
Applications
ASTM D5499-94(2021) is primarily used in the power generation and industrial process plant sectors for:
- Material Selection: Assisting engineers and specifiers in choosing suitable polymer linings resistant to heat in flue gas desulfurization units.
- Quality Assurance: Providing a benchmark for coating suppliers and contractors to certify products and application processes.
- Failure Analysis: Guiding inspections and evaluations when assessing in-service linings for degradation due to thermal stress.
- Research and Development: Facilitating the comparison and improvement of new lining formulations to enhance heat resistance.
The standardized test results can be combined with additional physical, mechanical, or chemical evaluations to make informed decisions about system integrity and maintenance planning. By closely following the procedures in ASTM D5499, users ensure that linings meet industry expectations for durability and operational safety.
Related Standards
ASTM D5499-94(2021) references and complements several related standards important for comprehensive evaluation:
- ASTM A36/A36M: Specification for carbon steel substrate preparation.
- ASTM D714: Assessing blistering of paints and coatings.
- ASTM D772: Evaluating degree of flaking (scaling) in exterior coatings.
- ASTM D1474: Testing indentation hardness of organic coatings.
- ASTM D4417: Measuring surface profile of cleaned steel.
- ASTM D4541: Determining pull-off strength (adhesion) of coatings.
- SSPC Standards: Including surface preparation and visual standards for blast-cleaned steel, and inspection of dry film thickness.
Recognizing the significance of heat resistance, polymer linings, corrosion protection, and flue gas desulfurization systems, this ASTM standard is an essential reference for stakeholders committed to operational efficiency and longevity of industrial equipment.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D5499-94(2021) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Methods for Heat Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 The results obtained by these test methods can be used in combination with other test methods for the selection of a lining in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. 3.2 These methods are intended to evaluate effects of heat alone upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steel substrate. These methods do not produce the thermal gradient that may exist in actual applications. Actual lining performance may also be effected by concurrent physical mechanical or chemical effects. 3.3 These methods evaluate major failure modes of linings applied to square test panels. 3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°C) and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other temperatures may be evaluated as desired. SCOPE 1.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the resistance of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates to elevated temperatures. Two separate methods are included as follows: 1.1.1 Test Method A Continuous elevated temperature exposure, and 1.1.2 Test Method B Cycling elevated temperature exposure. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 The results obtained by these test methods can be used in combination with other test methods for the selection of a lining in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. 3.2 These methods are intended to evaluate effects of heat alone upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steel substrate. These methods do not produce the thermal gradient that may exist in actual applications. Actual lining performance may also be effected by concurrent physical mechanical or chemical effects. 3.3 These methods evaluate major failure modes of linings applied to square test panels. 3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°C) and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other temperatures may be evaluated as desired. SCOPE 1.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the resistance of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates to elevated temperatures. Two separate methods are included as follows: 1.1.1 Test Method A Continuous elevated temperature exposure, and 1.1.2 Test Method B Cycling elevated temperature exposure. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D5499-94(2021) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D5499-94(2021) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D4417-19, ASTM D661-93(2019), ASTM D660-93(2019), ASTM D772-18, ASTM A36/A36M-12, ASTM D772-86(2011), ASTM D661-93(2011), ASTM D660-93(2011), ASTM D4417-11, ASTM D714-02(2009), ASTM D4541-09, ASTM D1474-98(2008), ASTM A36/A36M-08, ASTM D660-93(2005), ASTM D661-93(2005). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D5499-94(2021) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5499 − 94 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Methods for
Heat Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue Gas
Desulfurization Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5499; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
Paints
1.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the resis-
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
tance of polymer linings applied to carbon steel substrates to
ing) of Exterior Paints
elevated temperatures. Two separate methods are included as
D1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic
follows:
Coatings
1.1.1 Test Method A Continuous elevated temperature
D4417 Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface
exposure, and
Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel
1.1.2 Test Method B Cycling elevated temperature expo-
D4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using
sure.
Portable Adhesion Testers
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 3
2.2 Steel Structures Painting Council Standards (SSPC):
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
SSPC VIS 1–89 Visual Standard
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
SSPC No. SP5 Blast Cleaning to White Metal
and are not considered standard.
SSPC PA-2 Measurement of Dry Paint Thickness with
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Magnetic Gauges
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 The results obtained by these test methods can be used
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
in combination with other test methods for the selection of a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
lining in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2 These methods are intended to evaluate effects of heat
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
alone upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steel
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
substrate. These methods do not produce the thermal gradient
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
thatmayexistinactualapplications.Actualliningperformance
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
may also be effected by concurrent physical mechanical or
chemical effects.
2. Referenced Documents
2 3.3 These methods evaluate major failure modes of linings
2.1 ASTM Standards:
applied to square test panels.
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of 3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200°F (93°C)
Exterior Paints and 350°F (177°C) are based on typical maximum operating
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of zone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Other
Exterior Paints temperatures may be evaluated as desired.
4. Apparatus
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 on
4.1 Forced-airCirculationOven,capableofmaintainingthe
ProtectiveCoatingandLiningWorkforPowerGenerationFacilitiesandisthedirect
responsibility of Subcommittee D33.09 on Protective Lining forAir Quality Control
selected test temperature within 4°F (2°C).
Systems.
4.2 A Rack or Stand to support the test panels vertically in
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021. Published March 2021. Originally
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5499 – 94 (2013).
the oven while maintaining a distance of at least 1 in. (25 mm)
DOI: 10.1520/D5499-94R21.
between the panels and between the panels and oven walls.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,
the ASTM website. Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http://www.sspc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5499 − 94 (2021)
5. Test Specimens 6.3.2 Evaluate the panels after each oven exposure as
follows:
5.1 Substrate:
Exposure Number Oven Time, days Total Oven Time, days
5.1.1 Test panels shall be new commercial quality carbon
17 7
steel conforming to Specification A36/A36M. Panels shall be a
27 14
314 28
minimum of ⁄4 in. (6 mm) thick, and 8 in. (200 mm) square.
428 56
5.1.2 These test panels are large enough and rigid enough
6.3.3 Aftereachexposure,evaluatethepanelsinaccordance
for linings and coatings up to 0.25-in. (6-mm) thick. For
with Section 7 and record the results.
thicker linings, the test panels shall be at least 32 times the
6.3.4 Placethepanelsbackintheovenforthenextexposure
lining thickness in each direction.
until the test is complete.
5.1.3 One test panel shall be prepared for each test
6.3.5 After the test is complete, evaluate the panels in
temperature, for each method (Test Method A or Test Method
accordance with Section 7 and record the results.
B), in addition to a control panel, which shall be maintained at
laboratory conditions without elevated temperature exposure. 6.4 Test Method B:
6.4.1 Place the panels in the oven and evaluate as in 6.3 for
5.2 Preparation:
Test Method A with the following difference:
5.2.1 Prepare one side of each panel in accordance with
6.4.1.1 Remove the panels from the oven once daily such
SSPC No. SP5 to the degree of cleanliness represented in
that the exposure time in the oven for each daily cycle is 16 6
SSPC VIS 1–89. Clean, new, angular abrasive shall be used.
⁄2 h.
The surface profile shall be as recommended by the lining
6.4.1.2 Condition the panels for4hina vertical position
manufacturer. Determine and record the average profile depth
with a minimum of 1 in. (2.5 cm) at a temperature of 73
...
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