ASTM D5662-23

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5662 − 19a D5662 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determining Automotive Gear Oil Compatibility with Typical
Oil Seal Elastomers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils with specific nitrile, polyacrylate, and
fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.
1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their use before
proceeding with this test method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
D5704 Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions
and Final Drive Axles
D5760 Specification for Performance of Manual Transmission Gear Lubricants
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 SAE Standard:
J2360 Lubricating Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric) Military Use
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2019November 2023. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as
D5662 – 19.D5662 – 19a. DOI: 10.1520/D5662-19A.10.1520/D5662-23.
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters; these can be
obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa 15206-4489. Attention:203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229. Director: Administrator.
This edition incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No. 19-2.23-1.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5662 − 23
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 dumbbell, n—the specific cut shape (Die C) of an elastomer as explained in the section on dumbbell specimens in Test
Methods D412.
3.1.2 formulation, n—the specific chemical composition used in manufacturing a seal elastomer or a reference oil.
3.1.3 percent ultimate elongation, n—the stretch length at rupture of an elastomer dumbbell oil-aged by running this procedure
minus the rupture stretch length of an untested dumbbell, all divided by rupture stretch length of the untested dumbbell and then
multiplied by 100.
3.1.4 percent volume change, n—the change in volume of a test specimen as explained in the procedure for change in volume in
Test Method D471.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Non-reference oils are tested using a modified version of Test Method D471 on specific elastomer compounds. Measured
quantities are percent ultimate elongation changes (further referred to as just percent elongation changes), durometer Type A
hardness changes, and percent volume changes. Reference oils are run concurrently in the same oil bath to measure consistency
from one test to another.
4.2 The duration of these tests is 240 h. The reference oils are available from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC). The seal
materials are available through a Central Parts Distributor (CPD).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only those failures
caused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation loss, and volume swell and attempts to determine the likelihood that an oil
might cause premature sealing system failures in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement of a performance
specification, such as Specification D5760 and J2360.
5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation of carbon, varnish, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. The
deposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils are evaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended in part to
evaluate the potential for oils to cause premature seal failure in field service.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Specific test equipment as outlined in Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 is required.
6.1.1 Hardness Durometer—See Test Method D2240.
6.1.1.1 Calibration—Calibrate the hardness durometer annually. Use an outside source, with standards traceable to National
Institute for Standards Technology (NIST) for annual calibration. Perform checks with internal standards weekly. Checks with
internal standards shall be within 63 points. Calibrate internal standards annually, using an outside source, with standards traceable
to NIST.
Reference oils are available from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229.
The Central Parts Distributor for this procedure is Test Engineering Inc., 12758 Cimarron Path, Suite 102, San Antonio, TX 78249.
D5662 − 23
6.1.2 Tension Testing Machine—See Test Methods D412. Set the testing machine rate of grip separation for the percent elongation
change determinations at 8.5 mm ⁄s 6 0.8 mm ⁄s. Calibrate the tension testing machine in accordance with manufacturer
instructions. See Example Settings for Instron Machine, available from the TMC website.
6.1.2.1 Calibration—Calibrate the tension testing machine annually. The manufacturer shall perform an annual calibration, using
NIST traceable standards.
6.1.3 Glass Tubes, having an outside diameter of 38 mm and an overall length of 300 mm. The tube is fitted loosely with an
aluminum foil-covered stopper.
6.1.4 Balance—Use any commercially available balance capable of weighing samples to the nearest 1.0 mg.
6.1.4.1 Calibration—Calibrate the balance annually. Use an outside source, with standards traceable to NIST for annual
calibration. Perform checks with internal standards monthly, using NIST traceable weights. The difference between the weights and
balance shall be <0.5 mg. Calibrate internal standards annually, using an outside source, with standards traceable to NIST.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Specific reference test oils are maintained and distributed by the TMC. To receive the test oils and seal materials, individual
laboratories shall commit to furnishing the TMC with reference data developed using these reference materials.
7.2 The CPD is responsible for maintaining the numbering and tracking system for the seal elastomer batches used. The
Surveillance Panel is responsible for approval of elastomer batches (see Appendix X1). Only approved elastomer batches are to
be used for reference tests and tests run to meet industry specifications. Certain specific information concerning these reference
materials is available only to the CPD. This information is used to ensure batch-to-batch consistency.
7.2.1 Information and location of the current CPD is also available from the TMC.
7.3 Specific reference seal elastomers used are a nitrile (NI), a polyacrylate (PA), and a fluoroelastomer (FL). Notation of the
numbering system is established by the TMC as follows:
[Type] Y
where:
Type = NI, PA, FL, and
Y = Batch number of the particular formulation.
7.4 The shelf life for the PA and FL seal elastomers is five years from the date the batch was cured. For NI seal elastomer, the
shelf life is three years from the date the batch was cured. Invalidate any test with a seal beyond its shelf life or not stored according
to 7.4.1. Consult the TMC for any approved exceptions to this lifespan. Place a note in the comments section of the test report
where exceptions have been approved.
7.4.1 Store elastomers in a refrigerator maintained at 3 °C to 6 °C.
7.5 The shelf life of reference oils is typically five years unless the TMC, through their analysis, specifies otherwise.
7.6 Wetting Solution of Aerosol OT—0.1 % sodium diocytl sulfosuccinate, made by a 1.0 % dilution of a 10 % solution with
reagent water.
Trademark of Instron Worldwide. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Instron Worldwide Headquarters, 825 University
Ave., Norwood, MA 02062–2643. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
Available at
https://www.astmtmc.org/ftp/docs/gear/osct/procedure_and_ils/Instron_Settings.pdf.
D5662 − 23
8. Procedure
8.1 The testing laboratory shall conduct reference oil tests concurrently with the non-reference oil in the same oil bath. Reference
oils shall perform within a specific range prescribed and evaluated by TMC for validity and updated as needed.
8.2 Prior to cutting specimens and prior to performing elongation tests for initial properties, allow 3 h for the elastomer to warm
to 23 °C 6 2 °C, as required by Test Methods D412. Referring to the procedure in Test Methods D412, use Die C to cut a set of
twelve dumbbell specimens out of the elastomer sheets as required for each reference and non-reference oil tested.
8.2.1 Cut the dumbbells parallel to the grain using the same unaltered dies for the entire lot. When cutting dumbbells, only cut
one thickness at a time to avoid any dimensional variations.
8.2.2 Cut all elastomer specimens, including those used for measuring initial properties, from the same elastomer batch. Use these
dumbbells for measuring the percent elongation changes.
8.2.3 Next, cut twelve rectangular specimens, 25 mm by 50 mm, for the percent volume change and hardness testing; each
specimen having a thickness of 1.9 mm 6 0.12 mm.
8.2.4 Finally, cut twelve more NI, PA, and FL dumbbells for the purpose of determining initial elongation properties. Since initial
elongation is not measured until after the test completes (see 8.2.7), cutting of the initial elongation specimens after the test
completes is also permissible.
8.2.4.1 In order to suspend the elastomer specimens as described in 8.2.6 and 8.4, punch a hole in each not exceeding 3.25 mm
(0.128 in.) in diameter.
8.2.5 Randomly select sets of twelve dumbbells and twelve rectangular specimens for testing from the different sheets of test
elastomers.
8.2.5.1 Use the water displacement procedure in accordance with Test Method D471 to determine the initial volume
measurements. Weigh the coupon in air, M1, to the nearest 1 mg. For the mass in water, immerse the coupon in a 1.0 % wetting
solution of aerosol OT, then place the coupon in distilled water, M2, at ambient temperature. Make sure no air bubbles are clinging
to the coupon surface before recording the mass to the nearest 1 mg.
8.2.6 The elastomer specimens are used in groups of three. To differentiate each individual specimen within its group, cut one
corner from one of them and two corners from another of them using a razor blade or razor knife. The hypotenuse of the removed
corner shall measure 5 mm 6 2 mm (0.197 in. 6 0.079 in.). Do not write on the specimens using a paint stick, marker, or anything
else as this may alter the elastomer surface area exposed to the test fluid.
8.2.7 Measure initial elastomer properties of hardness and volume prior to the start of testing. Initial elongation properties are
determined just prior to running the end of test dumbbells because of instrument calibration. Take care to measure hardness at least
10 mm (0.394 in.) from any specimen edge.
8.3 Fill the test tubes with 150 mL 6 5 mL of non-reference or reference oil as appropriate.
8.4 Use four test tubes for each elastomer/oil combination. In each tube, suspend from a stainless steel wire hanger bent at a 90°
angle (dimensions shown in Fig. 1) three rectangular specimens and three dumbbells in each of the four tubes. Use 316 stainless
steel M6 washers meeting DIN 125 specification as spacers in between the specimens to aid in the separation. The intent is that
the spacer material not chemically interact with the test fluid or elastomer.
8.4.1 Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of spacers and test specimens.
8.4.2 Top the test tube with a stopper wrapped in aluminum foil.
8.4.3 Test the non-reference oil using one or more of the three different seal elastomers with the same batch of elastomers as being
used for the reference oil.
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FIG. 1 Wire Hanger
FIG. 2 Test Tube Arrangement
8.4.4 Place the tubes randomly in an oil bath capable of maintaining a test oil temperature within 61 °C for a period of 240 h 6
0.5 h (see Table 1).
8.4.4.1 Measure the test oil temperature with a thermocouple or resistance temperature detector (RTD) inside a dummy test tube
containing bath oil within the oil bath.
8.4.4.2 Record test oil temperature at a minimum of once every minute.
8.4.4.3 Calculate the percent deviation for the elastomer material test oil temperature shown in Table 1 using the following
equation. Record the results in the test report.
n
Mi Ti
percent deviation 5 × ×100 (1)
S D
(
0.5R D
i51
Mi = absolute value of the magnitude of the test parameter out of specification limit at occurrence i,
R = test parameter specification range,
Ti = length of time the test parameter was outside of specification range at occurrence i. (Ti is assumed to be no less than the
recorded data-acquisition frequency, unless supplemental readings are documented), and
D = test duration in same units as Ti.
8.4.4.4 Invalidate any test that exceeds the percent deviation limits in Table 1.
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TABLE 1 Test Oil Temperatures
Material Test Oil Temperature, Percent Deviation
°C Limits
Nitrile 100 ± 1 1 %
Polyacrylate 150 ± 1 1 %
Fluoroelastomer 150 ± 1 1 %
8.4.5 Conduct all reference and non-reference oil testing on each seal elastomer in the same oil bath. Complete reference oil and
non-reference oil tests for each seal elastomer within 8 h of each other to be considered the same test.
8.5 At the end of the test period, remove the specimens from the hot oil using the wire hanger and place them on a clean absorbent
towel. Allow the specimens to cool for no longer than 30 min before beginning measurements.
8.5.1 Remove the specimens from the wire hanger, and place them on a clean absorbent towel. Remove the excess oil with a clean
absorbent towel, and begin testing.
8.6 Determine type A hardness testing, percent volume in air and water, and percent elongation, as done in 8.2.6 and 8.2.7.
Complete testing within 2 h of removal from the test oil.
8.7 Observe the following notes/modifications to Test Method D471.
8.7.1 Report percent change in elongation (see Test Methods D412) and percent volume change (see Test Method D471) from the
original using the same water displacement procedure described in 8.2.6.
8.7.1.1 When using a wire hanger to aid in the weighing of the test coupon, deduct the mass of the wire hanger from the gross
mass to determine the actual mass of the test
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