ASTM A450/A450M-96a

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
discontinued. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 450/A 450M – 96a An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
General Requirements for Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and
Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 450/A 450M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Consult the DoD Index of Specifications and
Standards for the specific year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes A 334/A 334M
forLow-Temperature Service
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements
Seamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel Tubes A 423/A 423M
Electric-Resistance-Welded Coiled Steel Tubing for A 539
which, with the exceptions of 4.3 and Sections 5, 6, 17, 18, 19,
Gas and Fuel Oil Lines
20, 21, 22, and 23, are mandatory requirements to the follow-
Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater Heater A 556/A 556M
ing ASTM tubular product specifications: Tubes
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Feedwater A 557/A 557M
ASTM
Heater Tubes
A
Title of Specification Designation
Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater A 688/A 688M
Tubes
Seamless Medium-Strength Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy- A 692
Seamless Low-Carbon and Carbon-Molybdenum Steel A 161
Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
Still Tubes for Refinery Service
Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for Breeder Reactor A 771
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon A 178/A 178M
Core Components
Manganese Steel Boiler Tubes
Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless A 789/A 789M
Seamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat- A 179/A 179M
Steel Tubing for General Service
Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
Welded Unannealed Ferritic Stainless Steel Tubing A 791/A 791M
Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-Pressure A 192/A 192M
Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater A 803/A 803M
Service
Tubes
Seamless Cold-Drawn IntermediateAlloy-Steel Heat- A 199/A 199M
Seamless, Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Tubing for A 822
Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
Hydrau-lic System Service
Seamless Intermediate Alloy-Steel Still Tubes for Refin- A 200
Austenitic and Ferritic Stainless Steel Duct Tubes for A 826
eryService
Breeder Reactor Core Components
Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and A 209/A 209M
High-Frequency Induction Welded, Unannealed Auste- A 851
Superheater Tubes
nitic Steel Condenser Tubes
Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Super- A 210/A 210M
heater Tubes A
These designations refer to the latest issue of the respective specifications.
Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Su- A 213/A 213M
1.2 One or more of Sections 4.3, 5, 6, 17, 18, 19, 20, 20.1,
perheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Heat- A 214/A 214M
22, and 23 apply when the product specification or purchase
Exchanger and Condenser Tubes
order has a requirement for the test or analysis described by
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Boiler and A 226/A 226M
Superheater Tubes for High-Pressure Service these sections.
Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat- A 249/A 249M
1.3 In case of conflict between a requirement of the product
Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes
Electric-Resistance-Welded Ferritic Alloy-Steel Boiler A 250/A 250M specification and a requirement of this general requirement
and Superheater Tubes
specification only the requirement of the product specification
Seamless and Welded Ferritic and Martensitic Stain- A 268/A 268M
need be satisfied.
less Steel Tubing for General Service
Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tub- A 269
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
ing for General Service
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Sani- A 270
tary Tubing
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
Seamless Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Steel Still Tubes A 271
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
for Refinery Service
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in the
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
order.
Current edition approved October 10, 1996. Published November 1997. Origi-
nally published as A 450 – 61 T. Last previous edition A 450/A 450M – 96.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
2. Referenced Documents
cation SA-450 in Section II of that Code.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vols 01.01 and 01.04. 2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 450/A 450M
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing producer shall remove the transition material by an established
of Steel Products procedure that positively separates the grades.
A 530/A530M Specification for General Requirements for
4. Chemical Composition
Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading
4.1 Samples for chemical analysis, and method of analysis
Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
Terminology A 751.
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products 4.2 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat of steel shall
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages
E 92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate- of the elements specified. If secondary melting processes are
rials
employed, the heat analysis shall be obtained from one
E 213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe remelted ingot or the product of one remelted ingot of each
and Tubing
primary melt. The chemical composition thus determined, or
E 273 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Longitudinal that determined from a product analysis made by the tubular
Welded Pipe and Tubing
product manufacturer, shall conform to the requirements speci-
E 309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tu- fied in the product specification.
bular Products Using Magnetic Saturation 4.2.1 For stainless steels ordered under product specifica-
E 426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami- tions referencing this specification of general requirements, the
nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austen- steel shall not contain an unspecified element, other than
itic Stainless Steel, and Similar Alloys
nitrogen, for the ordered grade to the extent that the steel
E 570 Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromag- conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that
netic Steel Tubular Products
element is a specified element having a required minimum
2.2 Federal Standard: content. For this requirement, a grade is defined as an alloy
Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Iron
described individually and identified by its own UNS designa-
and Steel Products tion in a table of chemical requirements within any specifica-
2.3 Military Standards:
tion listed within the scope as being covered by this specifi-
MIL-STD-271 Nondestructive Testing Requirements for cation.
Metals
4.3 Product Analysis—Product analysis requirements and
MIL-STD-792 Identification Marking Requirements for options, if any, are contained in the product specification.
Special Purpose Equipment
5. Tensile Properties
2.4 Steel Structures Painting Council:
SSPC-SP 6 Surface Preparation Specification No. 6 Com-
5.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
mercial Blast Cleaning tensile properties prescribed in the individual specification.
2.5 Other Document:
5.2 The yield strength corresponding to a permanent offset
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive of 0.2 % of the gage length or to a total extension of 0.5 % of
Personnel Qualification and Certification.
the gage length under load shall be determined.
5.3 If the percentage of elongation of any test specimen is
3. Process
less than that specified and any part of the fracture is more than
⁄4 in. [19.0 mm] from the center of the gage length, as
3.1 The steel may be made by any process.
3.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser, indicated by scribe marks on the specimen before testing, a
retest shall be allowed.
it shall be as stated on the purchase order.
3.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-
6. Standard Weights
sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,
such as electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting. If 6.1 The calculated weight per foot, based upon a specified
secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all minimum wall thickness, shall be determined by the following
of the ingots remelted from a single primary heat. equation:
3.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When
W 5 C~D 2 t!t (1)
steel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identifica-
tion of the resultant transition material is required. The where:
C 5 10.69[0.0246615],
W 5 weight, lb/ft[kg/m],
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
D 5 specified outside diameter, in [mm], and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
t 5 specified minimum wall thickness, in. [mm]
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
6.2 The permissible variations from the calculated weight
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
per foot [kilogram per metre] shall be as prescribed in Table 1.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D,
7. Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness
700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
7.1 Variations from the specified minimum wall thickness
Available from Steel Structures Painting Council, 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh,
PA 15213. shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 2.
A 450/A 450M
A A
TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Weight Per Foot TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter
Permissible Variation in Weight Outside Diameter, Permissible Variations, in. [mm]
per Foot, % in. [mm]
Method of Manufacture
Over Under
Over Under
Hot-Finished Seamless Tubes
Seamless, hot-finished 16 0
1 1
4 [101.6] and under ⁄64[0.4] ⁄32[0.8]
Seamless, cold-finished:
1 1 3
Over4to7 ⁄2[101.6 to 190.5], incl ⁄64 [0.4] ⁄64 [1.2]
1 ⁄2 in. [38.1 mm] and under OD 12 0
1 1 1
Over 7 ⁄2 to 9 [190.5 to 228.6], incl ⁄64[0.4] ⁄16 [1.6]
Over 1 ⁄2 in. [38.1 mm] OD 13 0
Welded Tubes and Cold-Finished Seamless Tubes
Welded 10 0
A
Under 1 [25.4] 0.004 [0.1] 0.004 [0.1]
These permissible variations in weight apply to lots of 50 tubes or more in
1to1 ⁄2 [25.4 to 38.1], incl 0.006 [0.15] 0.006 [0.15]
sizes 4 in. [101.6 mm] and under in outside diameter, and to lots of 20 tubes or
Over 1 ⁄2 to 2 [38.1 to 50.8], excl 0.008 [0.2] 0.008 [0.2]
more in sizes over 4 in. [101.6 mm] in outside diameter.
2to2 ⁄2 [50.8 to 63.5], excl 0.010 [0.25] 0.010 [0.25]
2 ⁄2 to 3 [63.5 to 76.2], excl 0.012 [0.3] 0.012 [0.3]
A
TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness
3 to 4 [76.2 to 101.6], incl 0.015 [0.38] 0.015 [0.38]
Over4to7 ⁄2[101.6 to 190.5], incl 0.015 [0.38] 0.025 [0.64]
Over 7 ⁄2 to 9 [190.5 to 228.6], incl 0.015 [0.38] 0.045 [1.14]
Wall Thickness, %
A
Except as provided in 8.2 and 8.3, these permissible variations include
0.095 Over Over 0.150 Over
out-of-roundness. These permissible variations in outside diameter apply to
Outside [2.4] 0.095 to 0.180 0.180,
hot-finished seamless, welded and cold-finished seamless tubes before other
Diameter, and to 0.150 [3.8 to [4.6]
fabricating operations such as upsetting, swaging, expanding, bending, or
in. [mm] Under [2.4 to 4.6], incl
polishing.
3.8], incl
Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under
Seamless, Hot-Finished Tubes
Specified Outside Specified Wall Thickness
Diameter
4 [101.6] and 40 0 35 0 33 0 28 0
2 in. [50.8 mm] and less 2 % or less of specified outside diameter
under
Greater than 2 in. 3 % or less of specified outside diameter
Over 4 . . 35 0 33 0 28 0
[50.8 mm]
[101.6]
All diameters 0.020 in. [0.5 mm] or less
Seamless, Cold-Finished Tubes
8.2.1 The diameter tolerances of Table 3 are not sufficient to
Over Under
provide for additional ovality expected in thin-wall tubes, and,
1 ⁄2 [38.1] and 20 0 for such tubes, are applicable only to the mean of the extreme
under
(maximum and minimum) outside diameter readings in any
Over 1 ⁄2[38.1] 22 0
one cross section. However, for thin wall tubes the difference in
Welded Tubes
extreme outside diameter readings (ovality) in any one cross
All sizes 18 0
section shall not exceed the following ovality allowances:
A
These permissible variations in wall thickness apply only to tubes, except
Outside Diameter Ovality Allowance
internal-upset tubes, as rolled or cold-finished, and before swaging, expanding,
1 in. [25.4 mm] and under 0.020 in. [0.5 mm]
bending, polishing, or other fabricating operations.
Over 1 in. [25.4 mm] 2.0 % of specified outside diameter
8.3 For cold-finished seamless austenitic and ferritic/
austenitic tubes an ovality allowance is necessary for all sizes
7.2 For tubes 2 in. [50.8 mm] and over in outside diameter
less than 2 in. [50.8 mm] outside diameter since they are likely
and 0.220 in. [5.6 mm] and over in thickness, the variation in
to become out of round during their final heat treatment. In
wall thickness in any one cross section of any one tube shall
not exceed the following percentage of the actual mean wall at such tubes, the maximum and minimum diameters at any cross
section shall deviate from the nominal diameter by no more
the section. The actual mean wall is defined as the average of
the thickest and thinnest wall in that section. than 60.010 in. [60.25 mm]; however, the mean diameter at
that cross section must still be within the given permissible
Seamless tubes 610 %
variation given in Table 3. In the event of conflict between the
Welded tubes 65%
provisions of 8.3 and those of 8.2.1 , the larger value of ovality
7.
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