ASTM D7271-24

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Designation: D7271 − 06 (Reapproved 2020) D7271 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Viscoelastic Properties of Paste Ink Vehicle Using an
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Oscillatory Rheometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7271; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the viscoelastic properties of printing ink vehicles by measuring the
G’, G”, and tan delta using a controlled strain cone and plate oscillatory rheometer.
1.2 This test method provides the flexibility of using several different types of rheometers to determine viscoelastic properties in
ink vehicles.
1.3 This test method is not intended for systems that are volatile at procedure temperatures as evaporation may occur effectively
changing the percent solids before testing is finished and significantly altering the rheology.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
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3.1 Definitions: Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 frequency sweep test, n—most rheometers have programs specific for their instrument.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The user provides a specified geometry, frequency range, strain % or oscillatory stress and temperature of the test. This test will
produce the data required for this method.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles
Current edition approved June 1, 2020Feb. 1, 2024. Published July 2020February 2024. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20122020 as D7271
– 06 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/D7271-06R20.(2020). DOI: 10.1520/D7271-24.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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Many of the definitions came wholly or in part from “An Introduction to Rheology,” H.A. Barnes, J.F. Hutton, and K. Walters, Elesevier, 1989.
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D7271 − 24
3.1.2 G’, n—the elastic (storage) modulus obtained from an oscillatory test represents the energy stored during each frequency
cycle, where the stress is divided by the corresponding linear elastic strain.
3.1.3 G”, n—the viscous (loss) modulus obtained from an oscillatory test represents the amount of energy lost during each
frequency cycle or the imaginary part of the complex modulus (for shear).
3.1.4 geometry, n—the cone used in the test.
3.1.5 shear strain, n—relative deformation in shear; term often abbreviated to shear.
3.1.6 shear stress, n—the component of stress parallel to (tangential to) the area considered.
3.1.7 strain, n—the measurement of deformation relative to a reference configuration.
3.1.8 tan delta(δ), n—the ratio of G” (viscous modulus) to G’ (elastic modulus).
3.1.9 viscoelasticity, n—the phenomena exhibited by a liquid when energy is applied and once the force is released, the liquid
recovers towards its original state by means of stored energy.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Apply the ink vehicle to the plate of a rheometer.
4.2 Select the geometry (cone) and set to the required gap to the plate.
4.3 Remove the excess vehicle with the ink
...