ASTM G140-96

Designation: G 140 – 96
Standard Test Method for
Determining Atmospheric Chloride Deposition Rate by Wet
1
Candle Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 1—Chlorides in the atmosphere exist as a suspension of liquid
1. Scope
droplets or solid particles. They are transported to solid surfaces by
1.1 This test method describes a wet candle device and its
gravity, wind, or brownian motions. These transport mechanisms are
use in measuring atmospheric chloride deposition (amount of
direction-sensitive so that a vertical cylinder will not necessarily receive
chloride salts deposited from the atmosphere on a given area
the same flux as a horizontal plate, or objects with different sizes and
per unit time). orientations. Therefore, the use of this approach to provide an indication
of the deposition of chlorides on objects in atmospheric exposures may not
1.2 Data on atmospheric chloride deposition can be useful
be quantitatively accurate; however, this technique has been successful in
in classifying the corrosivity of a specific area, such as an
classifying the severity of exposure in a variety of marine locations.
atmospheric test site. Caution must be exercised, however, to
3.2 The sites where samples are to be taken and the
take into consideration the season because airborne chlorides
sampling time periods should be established. A program of six
vary widely between seasons.
30-day exposures per year for a period of three years is
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
recommended. More extensive testing may be desirable if large
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
variability is encountered in the results.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Components—The components needed to construct one
2. Referenced Documents
wet candle device are as follows:
4.1.1 Erlenmeyer Flask, narrow mouth, 500 mL, (glass or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
polypropylene). Other size flasks may be used, but dimensions
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
2
in Fig. 1 will have to be adjusted accordingly.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
NOTE 2—Polypropylene flasks are recommended during threat of
2
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D-19 on Water
freezing weather.
D 4458 Test Method for Chloride Ions in Brackish Water,
4.1.2 Glass Test Tube, general purpose, 16 by 150-mm
2
Seawater, and Brines
length.
G 92 Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test
4.1.3 Solid Rubber or Neoprene Stopper, No. 7, diameter
3
Sites
top 38 mm, bottom 30 mm.
2.2 ISO Standard:
4.1.4 Cotton Bandage Gauze, strip, 50 mm wide and ap-
ISO 9225 Corrosion of Metals and Alloys. Aggressivity of
proximately 1500 mm long.
Atmospheres—Methods of Measurement of Pollution
4
NOTE 3—The overall length of the gauze may vary with installation.
Data
4.1.5 Type IV Reagent Water, 1 L, 200 mL CHOH
3. Significance and Use
(CH OH ) (glycerin) and 20 drops CH (CH ) COOH (oc-
2 2 3 2 6
3.1 This test method is capable of generating quantitative
tanoic acid) should be added to prevent freezing, if necessary.
values of atmospheric chloride deposition specifying milli-
4.1.6 Gloves, vinyl, one pair.
grams of chloride ions per square metre per day (or other units
NOTE 4—Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is recommended. Latex gloves are
derived from such values).
not acceptable, as their chloride content is reported to be comparable to
that of human hands.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-1 on
4.2 Support Stand—A suitable support stand shall be
Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.04 on
erected at the site where the atmosphere is to be sampled. A
Atmospheric Corrosion.
treated wood post (100 by 100 by 2250 mm) or galvanized pipe
Current edition approved July 10, 1996. Published September 1996.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
(42-mm diameter by 2250-mm length) with an attached plate
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
on top are suitable, with 750 mm in the ground and 1500 mm
4
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
above the ground on which the apparatus to hold the candle can
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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G 140
NOTE 1—Dimensions are in millimetres (mm).
FIG. 1 Wet Candle Chloride Apparatus
NOTE 5—The total area of exposed gauze will be approximately 0.01
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