ASTM F2429-15(2021)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Aerospace Transparent Materials and Enclosures
Standard Terminology Relating to Aerospace Transparent Materials and Enclosures
SCOPE
1.1 These definitions cover generic optical terms which appear in one of more standards relating to aerospace transparent materials and enclosures.
1.2 The definitions cover, in most cases, special meanings used in the transparency industry. No attempt has been made to include common meanings of the same terms as used outside of the transparency industry.
1.3 Definitions included have, in general, been approved as standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Apr-2021
- Technical Committee
- F07 - Aerospace and Aircraft
- Drafting Committee
- F07.08 - Transparent Enclosures and Materials
Overview
ASTM F2429-15(2021): Standard Terminology Relating to Aerospace Transparent Materials and Enclosures provides industry-approved definitions for optical terms and concepts specifically used in the aerospace transparency sector. Developed by ASTM International, this standard supports clear communication, consistency, and safety within the aerospace industry by clarifying terminology related to transparent materials and enclosures used in aircraft, spacecraft, and related applications.
The document was developed in accordance with internationally recognized standardization principles established by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Key Topics
ASTM F2429-15(2021) addresses several specialized optical terms that are prevalent in aerospace applications. Key topics covered include:
Optical Quality and Distortion
- Distortion: The rate of change in angular deviation across transparent materials, affecting how objects are viewed.
- Grid Line Slope: An evaluation parameter to quantify and compare distortion in transparent parts.
- Multiple Imaging Separation: The angular difference between primary and secondary multiple images as seen from a specified point (“design eye”).
Surface and Structural Characteristics
- Crazing: The microscopic, localized cracks within transparent materials that scatter light.
- Scratch: Surface markings caused by abrasion, which can impact optical performance.
Light Transmission Properties
- Transmission Coefficient: The ratio of radiant energy that successfully passes through a transparent material versus the amount initially incident upon it.
- Haze: The portion of transmitted light that deviates more than a specified angle, reducing visibility and clarity.
Special Optical Phenomena
- Rainbowing: Colored patterns or bands caused by photo-elastic stresses within the transparency.
- Birefringence: The separation of light into two diverging beams due to material characteristics, potentially creating color bands or image artifacts.
Reference Points and Measures
- Design Eye: The established point in aircraft design for anthropometrical and optical considerations.
- Angular Deviation and Displacement: Measurements of how light paths shift due to material imperfections or misalignment.
Applications
This terminology standard is vital for a wide range of stakeholders and applications, including:
- Aerospace Manufacturers: Ensuring precise communication in the design, testing, and production of aircraft windscreens, canopies, and enclosures.
- Component Suppliers: Providing clear specifications and quality requirements for transparent materials and components used in aeronautics.
- Quality Control and Inspection: Facilitating uniform assessment criteria for optical quality, distortion, haze, scratches, and other critical properties.
- Research and Development: Supporting innovative material development and optical engineering within aerospace environments.
- Certification and Compliance: Aligning component and system documentation with globally recognized definitions, streamlining approval and regulatory processes.
Related Standards
For more comprehensive quality control, testing, and evaluation of aerospace transparent materials, the following standards are commonly referenced alongside ASTM F2429-15(2021):
- ASTM D1003: Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics.
- ASTM F2156: Test Method for Measuring Optical Distortion in Transparent Parts Using Grid Line Slope.
- ASTM F1165: Test Method for Measuring Angular Displacement of Multiple Images in Transparent Parts.
- ASTM F1316: Test Method for Measuring the Transmissivity of Transparent Parts.
- AL-TR-1993-0036: Definitions of Terms Relating to Aircraft Windscreens, Canopies, and Transparencies.
By standardizing terminology, ASTM F2429-15(2021) helps ensure reliability, safety, and performance in aerospace transparent materials and enclosures, supporting both technical development and regulatory compliance worldwide.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM F2429-15(2021) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Terminology Relating to Aerospace Transparent Materials and Enclosures". This standard covers: SCOPE 1.1 These definitions cover generic optical terms which appear in one of more standards relating to aerospace transparent materials and enclosures. 1.2 The definitions cover, in most cases, special meanings used in the transparency industry. No attempt has been made to include common meanings of the same terms as used outside of the transparency industry. 1.3 Definitions included have, in general, been approved as standard. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SCOPE 1.1 These definitions cover generic optical terms which appear in one of more standards relating to aerospace transparent materials and enclosures. 1.2 The definitions cover, in most cases, special meanings used in the transparency industry. No attempt has been made to include common meanings of the same terms as used outside of the transparency industry. 1.3 Definitions included have, in general, been approved as standard. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM F2429-15(2021) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 01.040.49 - Aircraft and space vehicle engineering (Vocabularies); 49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM F2429-15(2021) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2429 − 15 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Terminology Relating to
Aerospace Transparent Materials and Enclosures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2429; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope which have been known to appear in transparencies as
rainbowing or the apparent random dispersion of light into
1.1 These definitions cover generic optical terms which
its component colors.
appear in one of more standards relating to aerospace trans-
parent materials and enclosures.
crazing—theoccurrenceofverysmall,localized,micro-cracks
at or under the surface of, but not extending entirely through,
1.2 The definitions cover, in most cases, special meanings
a transparent material, which act like tiny mirrors that reflect
used in the transparency industry. No attempt has been made to
light in unwanted directions.
includecommonmeaningsofthesametermsasusedoutsideof
the transparency industry.
design eye—the reference point in aircraft design from which
1.3 Definitions included have, in general, been approved as all visual or optical anthropometrical design considerations
standard. are taken.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
distortion—the rate of change of angular deviation across the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
transparency, usually characterized by grid-line slope, result-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ing in the non-linear mapping of objects viewed through the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
transparency.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
grid line slope—anopticaldistortionevaluationparameterthat
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
compares the slope of a deviated grid line to that of a
2. Terminology
non-deviated grid line, which is expressed as a ratio such as
1 in 8 or 1 in 20 (the visual optical quality improves as the
2.1 Definitions:
second number of the ratio gets larger).
angular deviation—the angular displacement of a light ray
from its original path caused by non-parallelism of opposite
halation—the scattering of light by the transparency into the
surfaces as it passes through a transparent material, which is
viewer’s line-of-sight reducing the perceived contrast of
expressed in units of angle (degree, minutes of arc, millira-
external objects, also referred to as haze.
dians) and is a function of the angle of incidence at each
haze—the percent of transmitted light that is scattered so that
surface of the material and the index of refraction of the
its direction deviates more than a specified angle from the
material.
direction of the incident beam, resulting in the reduction of
angular displacement—the angular separation of the second-
contrast of objects viewed through the transparency.
ary image from the primary image as measured from the
multiple imaging separation—the angular separation of pri-
design eye position of a transparency.
mary and secondary multiple images as measured from the
binocular disparity—the difference in angular deviation be-
design eye position.
tween two light rays passing
...
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