ASTM D4280-23

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4280 − 23
Standard Specification for
Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised Retroreflective
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Pavement Markers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4280; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Open Cup Tester
1.1 This specification covers nonplowable, retroreflective
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials
raised pavement markers for nighttime lane marking and
D1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
delineation.
Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D3111 Practice for Flexibility Determination of Hot-Melt
as the standard, except where noted in the document. The
Adhesives by Mandrel Bend Test
values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI
D4402/D4402M Test Method for Viscosity Determination of
units that are provided for information only and are not
Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational
considered standard.
Viscometer
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
D5329 Test Methods for Sealants and Fillers, Hot-Applied,
test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification: This for Joints and Cracks in Asphalt Pavements and Portland
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Cement Concrete Pavements
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
ASTM Test Methods
environmental practices and determine the applicability of E284 Terminology of Appearance
regulatory limitations prior to use.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- Determine the Precision of a Test Method
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E808 Practice for Describing Retroreflection
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the E809 Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Retroreflectors
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
E811 Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Retroreflectors Under Nighttime Conditions
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2.2 Federal Specification:
2. Referenced Documents
TT-T-291 Thinner, Paint, Mineral Spirits, Regular and Odor-
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
less
C778 Specification for Standard Sand 4
2.3 AASHTO Standard:
D5/D5M Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Mate-
AASHTO M 237 Epoxy Resin Adhesive for Bonding Traffic
rials
Markers to Hardened Concrete
D36/D36M Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen
(Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
3. Terminology
D71 Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and
3.1 Definitions:
Asphalt (Displacement Method)
3.1.1 cleanability—the ability of a raised retroreflective
marker to keep its optical surfaces clean under traffic and
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road environmental conditions.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 on
Highway Traffic Control Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published January 2024. Originally
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approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D4280 – 18. DOI: Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,
10.1520/D4280-23. 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.access.gpo.gov.
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contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
the ASTM website. http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4280 − 23
3.1.2 coeffıcient of luminous intensity, R —the ratio of the without abrasion-resistant surface and with sufficient flexural
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luminous intensity (I) of the retroreflector in the direction of strength for application to flexible pavement.
observation to t
...