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ASTM D5759-12

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses

Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides guidance for the characterization of coal fly ash or clean coal combustion fly ash for potential uses in which absorption, cementitious activity, pozzolanic activity, pH adjustment, heat rise, or stabilization and solidification properties may be desired.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide recommends standards for the characterization of fly ash from the combustion of coal, fly ash from coal combusted in the presence of alkaline materials, and fly ash from combusted coal in which the flue gases have been treated with alkaline materials in the presence of the fly ash.  
1.2 This guide provides recommended and optional test methods for fly ash evaluation. Acceptance criteria can be negotiated between the producer and the user according to the potential end use.  
1.3 The coal fly ash and clean coal combustion fly ash of this guide do not include the following:  
1.3.1 Dusts from kilns producing products such as lime, portland cement, activated clays, etc.;  
1.3.2 By-products of flue gas desulflurization that are not collected with the primary fly ash removal equipment such as the baghouse or electrostatic precipitator; and  
1.3.3 Fly ash or other combustion products derived from the burning of waste; municipal, industrial, or commercial garbage; sewage sludge or other refuse, or both; derived fuels; wood; wood waste products; rice hulls; agriculture waste; or other non-coal fuels or other such fuels blended with coal, or some combination thereof.  
1.4 Fly ash may contain some trace elements that may affect performance or potential end use.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2012
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5759-95(2005) - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Replaced By
ASTM D5759-12(2020) - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Referred By
ASTM E2278-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Revegetation and Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Referred By
ASTM E2277-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Coal Ash Structural Fills
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Referred By
ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5759 −12
Standard Guide for
Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal
1
Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5759; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This guide recommends standards for the characteriza- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion of fly ash from the combustion of coal, fly ash from coal C22/C22M Specification for Gypsum
combusted in the presence of alkaline materials, and fly ash C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
from combusted coal in which the flue gases have been treated Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
with alkaline materials in the presence of the fly ash. C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used
by the Industry)
1.2 This guide provides recommended and optional test
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
methods for fly ash evaluation. Acceptance criteria can be
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
negotiated between the producer and the user according to the
Specimens)
potential end use.
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
1.3 The coal fly ash and clean coal combustion fly ash of
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
this guide do not include the following:
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
1.3.1 Dusts from kilns producing products such as lime,
Cement
portland cement, activated clays, etc.;
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
1.3.2 By-products of flue gas desulflurization that are not
C191 TestMethodsforTimeofSettingofHydraulicCement
collected with the primary fly ash removal equipment such as
by Vicat Needle
the baghouse or electrostatic precipitator; and
C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or
1.3.3 Fly ash or other combustion products derived from the
Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
burning of waste; municipal, industrial, or commercial gar-
C400 Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for
bage; sewage sludge or other refuse, or both; derived fuels;
Neutralization of Waste Acid
wood; wood waste products; rice hulls; agriculture waste; or
C593 Specification for FlyAsh and Other Pozzolans for Use
other non-coal fuels or other such fuels blended with coal, or
With Lime for Soil Stabilization
some combination thereof.
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C602 Specification for Agricultural Liming Materials
1.4 Fly ash may contain some trace elements that may affect
performance or potential end use. C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D546 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler for
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Bituminous Paving Mixtures
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D1973 Guide for Design of a Liner System for Containment
and are not considered standard.
3
of Wastes (Withdrawn 2000)
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D2795 Test Methods for Analysis of Coal and Coke Ash
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3
(Withdrawn 2001)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D3178 Test Methods for Carbon and Hydrogen in the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3
Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke (Withdrawn 2007)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D3682 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Recovery and Reuse. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5759 – 95 (2005). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D5759-12. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5759−12
A
TABLE 2 Optional Chemical Tests (Limits to be Specified Only if
Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes
Applicable, by the Purchaser)
D3683 Test Method for Trace Elements in Coal and Coke
B
Test Method Component(s
...

Designation: D5759 − 95 (Reapproved 2005) D5759 − 12
Standard Guide for
Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal
1
Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5759; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide recommends standards for the characterization of fly ash from the combustion of coal, fly ash from coal
combusted in the presence of alkaline materials, and fly ash from combusted coal in which the flue gases have been treated with
alkaline materials in the presence of the fly ash.
1.2 This guide provides recommended and optional test methods for fly ash evaluation. Acceptance criteria can be negotiated
between the producer and the user according to the potential end use.
1.3 The coal fly ash and clean coal combustion fly ash of this guide do not include the following:
1.3.1 Dusts from kilns producing products such as lime, portland cement, activated clays, etc.;
1.3.2 By-products of flue gas desulflurization that are not collected with the primary fly ash removal equipment such as the
baghouse or electrostatic precipitator; and
1.3.3 Fly ash or other combustion products derived from the burning of waste; municipal, industrial, or commercial garbage;
sewage sludge or other refuse, or both; derived fuels; wood; wood waste products; rice hulls; agriculture waste; or other non-coal
fuels or other such fuels blended with coal, or some combination thereof.
1.4 Fly ash may contain some trace elements that may affect performance or potential end use.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C22/C22M Specification for Gypsum
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry)
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle
C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
C400 Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste Acid
C593 Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for Use With Lime for Soil Stabilization
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C602 Specification for Agricultural Liming Materials
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
D546 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler for Bituminous Paving Mixtures
3
D1973 Guide for Design of a Liner System for Containment of Wastes (Withdrawn 2000)
3
D2795 Test Methods for Analysis of Coal and Coke Ash (Withdrawn 2001)
3
D3178 Test Methods for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke (Withdrawn 2007)
D3682 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5759 − 12
D3683 Test Method for Trace Elements in Coal and Coke Ash by Atomic Absorption
D4326 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal and Coke Ash By X-Ray Fluorescence
D5239 Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in Soil Stabilization
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
E1266 Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction
Applications
2.2 Other Document:
USEPA Method 9100-SW846SW846 Method 9100 Falling Head or Constand HeadSaturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Saturated
4
Leachate Conductivity and Intrinsic Permeability
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D5681.
3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 clean coal combustion—the burning of coal, coal culm, or coal fines in a furnace designed to operate to minimize
emissions (that is, a fluidized bed or aerated fluidized bed, etc.
...

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ASTM D5759-12(2020)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides guidance for the characterization of coal fly ash or clean coal combustion fly ash for potential uses in which absorption, cementitious activity, pozzolanic activity, pH adjustment, heat rise, or stabilization and solidification properties may be desired.
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1.1 This guide recommends standards for the characterization of fly ash from the combustion of coal, fly ash from coal combusted in the presence of alkaline materials, and fly ash from combusted coal in which the flue gases have been treated with alkaline materials in the presence of the fly ash.  
1.2 This guide provides recommended and optional test methods for fly ash evaluation. Acceptance criteria can be negotiated between the producer and the user according to the potential end use.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of solvent extractables in petroleum waxes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D156-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is used mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an important quality characteristic since color is readily observed by the user of the product. In some cases the color may serve as an indication of the degree of refinement of the material. When the color range of a particular product is known, a variation outside the established range can indicate possible contamination with another product. However, color is not always a reliable guide to product quality and should not be used indiscriminately in product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the color of refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition, petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils.  
Note 1: For determining the color of petroleum products darker than Saybolt Color − 16, see Test Method D1500.  
1.2 This test method reports results specific to this test method and recorded as, “Saybolt Color units.”  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 2: Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7152-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem.  
5.2 The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method.  
5.3 The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature.  
5.4 Although this practice was developed using kinematic viscosity and volume fraction of each component, the dynamic viscosity or mass fraction, or both, may be used instead with minimal error if the densities of the components do not differ greatly. For fuel blends, it was found that viscosity blending using mass fractions gave more accurate results. For base stock blends, there was no significant difference between mass fraction and volume fraction calculations.  
5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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