ASTM D5759-95(2005)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5759 − 95 (Reapproved 2005)
StandardGuide for
Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal
Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5759; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide recommends standards for the characteriza-
C22/C22M Specification for Gypsum
tion of fly ash from the combustion of coal, fly ash from coal
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
combusted in the presence of alkaline materials, and fly ash
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
from combusted coal in which the flue gases have been treated
C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used
with alkaline materials in the presence of the fly ash.
by the Industry)
1.2 This guide provides recommended and optional test
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
methods for fly ash evaluation. Acceptance criteria can be
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
negotiated between the producer and the user according to the
Specimens)
potential end use.
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
1.3 The coal fly ash and clean coal combustion fly ash of
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
this guide do not include the following:
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
1.3.1 Dusts from kilns producing products such as lime, Cement
portland cement, activated clays, etc.;
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C191 TestMethodsforTimeofSettingofHydraulicCement
1.3.2 By-products of flue gas desulflurization that are not
collected with the primary fly ash removal equipment such as by Vicat Needle
C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or
the baghouse or electrostatic precipitator; and
Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
1.3.3 Fly ash or other combustion products derived from the
C400 Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for
burning of waste; municipal, industrial, or commercial gar-
Neutralization of Waste Acid
bage; sewage sludge or other refuse, or both; derived fuels;
C593 Specification for FlyAsh and Other Pozzolans for Use
wood; wood waste products; rice hulls; agriculture waste; or
With Lime for Soil Stabilization
other non-coal fuels or other such fuels blended with coal, or
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
some combination thereof.
C602 Specification for Agricultural Liming Materials
1.4 Fly ash may contain some trace elements that may affect
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
performance or potential end use.
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D546 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler for
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for Bituminous Paving Mixtures
information only.
D1973 Guide for Design of a Liner System for Containment
of Wastes (Withdrawn 2000)
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D2795 Test Methods for Analysis of Coal and Coke Ash
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(Withdrawn 2001)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D3178 Test Methods for Carbon and Hydrogen in the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke (Withdrawn 2007)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D3682 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Recovery and Reuse. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D5759-95. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D5759-95R05. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5759 − 95 (Reapproved 2005)
Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes 8. Sampling and Testing
D3683 Test Method for Trace Elements in Coal and Coke
8.1 Take individual, representative samples of at least 0.5 lb
Ash by Atomic Absorption
(227 g) from each 100 tons (100 Mg) of fly ash delivered to the
D4326 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal
purchaser.
and Coke Ash By X-Ray Fluorescence
8.2 Samples are composites of 0.5-lb (227-g) individual
D5239 Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in Soil
samples of fly ash taken from each 100 tons (100 Mg) shipped.
Stabilization
The minimum composite sample size should not be less than 8
E1266 Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash,
lb (3.6 kg). Composites are to consist of nearly equal amounts
and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other
from individual samples and be mixed thoroughly.
Construction Applications
8.2.1 If insufficient fly ash has been shipped to comply with
2.2 Other Document:
the composite sample requirements as listed in this section, an
USEPA Method 9100-SW846 Falling Head or Constand
individual sample, or samples, may be used if agreed upon
Head
between the purchaser and the supplier. These samples should
be at least 1 lb (454 g) and may represent less than 100 tons
3. Terminology
(100 Mg) shipped.
3.1 Definitions:
8.3 The recommended tests of Table 1 are performed on a
3.1.1 clean coal combustion—the burning of coal, coal
sample of at least 1 lb (454 g) composited of individual
culm,orcoalfinesinafurnacedesignedtooperatetominimize
shipment samples, at a frequency no less than semiannual
emissions (that is, a fluidized bed or aerated fluidized bed, etc.)
when at least 100 tons (100 Mg) of fly ash have been shipped
or coal burned in the presence of alkaline materials, which
to a purchaser.
combine to reduce these emissions.
8.4 For limits as required by the purchaser from Table 2 and
3.1.2 fly ash, n—residual material that exits a combustion
Table 3, optional tests may be performed on the following
chamber in the flue gas.
frequency unless otherwise agreed upon between the supplier
and the purchaser prior to shipment:
4. Significance and Use
8.4.1 Every 2000 tons (2000 Mg) shipped,
8.4.2 Acalendar month during which at least 100 tons (100
4.1 This guide provides guidance for the characterization of
coal fly ash or clean coal combustion fly ash for potential uses Mg) of fly ash have been shipped to a purchaser.
in which absorption, cementitious activity, pozzolanic activity,
pH adjustment, heat rise, or stabilization and solidification 9. Test Method
properties may be desired.
9.1 Testing is conducted in accordance with the appropriate
sections of the ASTM standards, or noted modifications,
5. Chemical Composition
indicated in Table 1, the optional Table 2 and Table 3, and the
nonmandatoryinformationofAppendi
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