ASTM E2026-07
(Guide)Standard Guide for Seismic Risk Assessment of Buildings
Standard Guide for Seismic Risk Assessment of Buildings
ABSTRACT
This guide provides guidance on conducting seismic risk assessments for buildings. As such, this guide assists a User to assess a property's potential for losses from earthquake occurrences. Hazards addressed in this guide include earthquake ground shaking, earthquake-caused site instability, including fault rupture, landslides and soil liquefaction, lateral spreading and settlement, and earthquake-caused off-site response impacting the property, including flooding from dam or dike failure, tsunamis and seiches. This guide is intended to reflect a commercially prudent and reasonable investigation for performance of seismic risk assessments. Seismic risk assessments may be performed for an individual building or a group of buildings. This guide provides suggested approaches for the performance of five different types of seismic risk assessments. Building stability, site stability, building damageability, contents damageability, business interruption, and application and temporal relevance of report. Each is intended to serve different financial and management needs of the User. An earthquake ground motion assessment should be conducted in conjuction with probable loss evaluations for building damageability and may have applications in some scenario loss studies, as well as building stability or site stability assessments. Seismic risk assessments may consider varying degrees of assessment of a building or buildings from Level 0 to Level 3.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidance on conducting seismic risk assessments for buildings. As such, this guide assists a User to assess a property's potential for losses from earthquake occurrences.
1.1.1 Hazards addressed in this guide include earthquake ground shaking, earthquake-caused site instability, including fault rupture, landslides and soil liquefaction, lateral spreading and settlement, and earthquake-caused off-site response impacting the property, including flooding from dam or dike failure, tsunamis and seiches.
1.1.2 This guide does not address the following:
Earthquake-caused fires and toxic materials releases.
Federal, state, or local laws and regulations of building construction or maintenance. Users are cautioned that current federal, state, and local laws and regulations may differ from those in effect at the time of the original construction of the building(s).
Preservation of life safety.
Prevention of building damage.
Contractual and legal obligations between prior and subsequent Users of Seismic Risk Assessment reports or between Providers who prepared the report and those who would like to use such prior reports.
Contractual and legal obligations between a Provider and a User, and other parties, if any.
1.1.3 It is the responsibility of the User of this guide to establish appropriate life safety and damage prevention practices and determine the applicability of current regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 The objectives of this guide are:
1.2.1 To synthesize and document guidelines for seismic risk assessment of buildings from earthquakes;
1.2.2 To encourage standardized seismic risk assessment;
1.2.3 To establish guidelines for field observations of the site and physical conditions, and the document review and research considered appropriate, practical, sufficient, and reasonable for seismic risk assessment;
1.2.4 To establish guidelines on what reasonably can be expected of and delivered by a Provider in conducting the seismic risk assessment of buildings;
1.2.5 To establish guidelines on appropriate field observations and analysis for conducting a seismic risk assessment; and
1.2.6 To establish guidelines by which a Provider can communicate to the User observations, opinions, and conclusions in a manner that is meaningful and not misleading either by content or by omission.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: E2026 − 07 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Guide for
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Seismic Risk Assessment of Buildings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2026; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Lenders, insurers, and equity owners in real estate are giving more intense scrutiny to earthquake
riskthaneverbefore.The1989LomaPrieta,Californiaearthquake,whichcausedmorethan$6billion
in damage, accelerated the trend toward considering loss estimation in real estate transactions. The
1994 Northridge, California earthquake, with over $20 billion in damage, made seismic risk
assessment an integral part of real estate financial decision-making for regions at risk of damaging
earthquakes. Users of Seismic Risk Assessment reports need specific and consistent measures for
assessing the possibility of future loss due to earthquake occurrences. This guide discusses specific
approaches that the real estate and technical communities can consider a basis for characterizing the
seismic risk assessment of buildings in an earthquake. It uses two concepts to characterize earthquake
loss: probable loss (PL) and scenario loss (SL). Use of the term probable maximum loss (PML) is
acceptable, provided it is specifically and adequately defined by the User.
1. Scope between Providers who prepared the report and those who
would like to use such prior reports.
1.1 This guide provides guidance on conducting seismic
1.1.2.6 Contractual and legal obligations between a Pro-
risk assessments for buildings. As such, this guide assists a
vider and a User, and other parties, if any.
Usertoassessaproperty’spotentialforlossesfromearthquake
occurrences.
1.1.3 It is the responsibility of the User of this guide to
1.1.1 Hazards addressed in this guide include earthquake
establish appropriate life safety and damage prevention prac-
ground shaking, earthquake-caused site instability, including
tices and determine the applicability of current regulatory
fault rupture, landslides and soil liquefaction, lateral spreading
limitations prior to use.
and settlement, and earthquake-caused off-site response im-
1.2 The objectives of this guide are:
pacting the property, including flooding from dam or dike
1.2.1 To synthesize and document guidelines for seismic
failure, tsunamis and seiches.
risk assessment of buildings from earthquakes;
1.1.2 This guide does not address the following:
1.1.2.1 Earthquake-causedfiresandtoxicmaterialsreleases. 1.2.2 To encourage standardized seismic risk assessment;
1.1.2.2 Federal, state, or local laws and regulations of
1.2.3 To establish guidelines for field observations of the
building construction or maintenance. Users are cautioned that
site and physical conditions, and the document review and
current federal, state, and local laws and regulations may differ
research considered appropriate, practical, sufficient, and rea-
from those in effect at the time of the original construction of
sonable for seismic risk assessment;
the building(s).
1.2.4 To establish guidelines on what reasonably can be
1.1.2.3 Preservation of life safety.
expected of and delivered by a Provider in conducting the
1.1.2.4 Prevention of building damage.
seismic risk assessment of buildings;
1.1.2.5 Contractual and legal obligations between prior and
1.2.5 To establish guidelines on appropriate field observa-
subsequent Users of Seismic Risk Assessment reports or
tions and analysis for conducting a seismic risk assessment;
and
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance
of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25 on Whole
1.2.6 To establish guidelines by which a Provider can
Buildings and Facilities.
communicate to the User observations, opinions, and conclu-
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originally
sions in a manner that is meaningful and not misleading either
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E2026 – 99. DOI:
10.1520/E2026-07. by content or by omission.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2026 − 07
2. Referenced Documents tural systems include both gravity and seismic force-resisting
2 systems and foundations; mechanical systems include heating,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ventilating and air conditioning equipment, ducts, control
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
systems etc; plumbing systems include domestic water heaters,
2.2 Other References—The following resource
...
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