ASTM F2039-00(2018)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2039 − 00 (Reapproved 2018) An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Basic Elements of Shipboard Occupational Health and
Safety Program
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ANSI Z244.1-1982 (R1993) Safety Requirements for the
Lock Out/Tag Out of Energy Sources
1.1 This guide covers the basic elements of a Shipboard
ANSI/ASAS3.18-1979 (R1993) Guide for the Evaluation of
Occupational Health and Safety Program (SOHSP). These
Human Exposure to Whole Body Vibration
elements are applicable to all vessel types including but not
ANSI/ASA S3.44-1996 Determination of Occupational
limited to tank vessels, dry bulk carriers, passenger vessels,
Noise Exposure and Estimation of Noise-Induced Hearing
roll-on roll-off vessels, ore bulk oilers, offshore supply vessels,
Impairment
tugboats, towboats, and barges. The elements described are
ANSI/AWS Z49.1-1994 Safety in Welding, Cutting and
fundamental pieces of a systematic occupational safety and
Allied Processes
health program and may be used by company line managers,
2.2 Other Documents:
health and safety personnel or consultants who are
NFPA 306-1997 Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels
implementing, improving, or auditing the effectiveness of a
NFPA 1991-2000: Vapor Protective Suits for Hazardous
shipboard health and safety program.
Chemical Emergencies
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NFPA 1992-2000: Liquid Splash Protective Suits for Haz-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ardous Chemical Emergencies
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
IMO A.468(XII) Code on Noise Levels Onboard Ships
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
IMOA.849(20) CodeforInvestigationofMarineCasualties
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and Incidents
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
IMO A.864 (20) Recommendations for Entering Enclosed
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Spaces Aboard Ships
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
46 CFR 16.210 Pre-Employment Testing Requirements
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
U.S. Coast Guard Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2–98 Physical Evaluation Guidelines for Merchant Mari-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ner’s Documents and Licenses
2. Referenced Documents
3. Significance and Use
2.1 ANSI Standards:
3.1 This guide does not set specific performance or techni-
ANSI Z4.1-1986 Minimum Requirements for Sanitation in
cal criteria, but recommends that companies set policies and
Places of Employment
objectives and develop procedures for managing their health
ANSI Z41-1991 Personal Protection – Protective Footwear
and safety program. Companies should consider their unique
ANSI Z87.1-1989 Practice for Occupational and Educa-
organization, culture, and hazards on their vessels and the
tional Eye and Face Protection
possible effects of their operations.The elements are intention-
ANSI Z88.2-1992 Respiratory Protection
ally flexible and may be tailored to address any size of
ANSI Z89.1-1986 Protective Headwear for Industrial Work-
operation or any vessel type. Note that although the standard is
ers
aimedattheshipboardoccupationalhealthandsafetyprogram,
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
General Requirements. Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally Available from International Maritime Organization (IMO), 4, Albert
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2039 – 00 (2012). Embankment, London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom, http://www.imo.org.
DOI: 10.1520/F2039-00R18. Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2039 − 00 (2018)
some of the elements address activities and commitments that safely and not endanger their shipmates or the public. In
must be completed or made by shore side personnel (for addition, employees who have specific health and safety
example, executive management commitment and provision of responsibilities (generally supervisors with responsibility for
adequate resources). Key to the effectiveness of the program is the safety of others, but also nonsupervisors who are assigned
the implementation of each element within an interconnected to safety committees or as crew member representatives)
system. should receive training to enable them to carry out their health
and safety program responsibilities. Further guidance is pro-
4. Basic Elements vided in Annex A4.
4.5 Record Keeping—Company records sufficient to dem-
4.1 Executive Management Commitment and Leadership—
Executive management commitment and leadership is a pre- onstrate the effectiveness of the health and safety program
should be maintained. Data that enables trend or pattern
condition for an effective SOHSP. Executive management
commitment and leadership includes, but is not limited to analysis for root causes is particularly desirable. For example,
results of audits that evaluate effectiveness of the safety and
integratinghealthandsafetyintothemanagementstructureand
fabric of the company, developing a health and safety policy, health management system should be maintained. Records that
indicate industrial hygiene exposure assessments have been
developing health and safety objectives, providing resources to
achieve the objectives, defining stewardship responsibilities conducted and appropriate controls have been implemented
should be maintained. Current job safety analyses and corre-
and providing authority to carry out those responsibilities, and
establishingaccountabilityforsafetyandhealthasapartofjob sponding standard operating procedures with safe work prac-
tices should be documented. Injury and illness data should be
performance reviews. Further guidance is provided in Annex
A1. maintained to enable the identification of trends and patterns
that associate the injury or illness with a common cause, which
4.2 Employee Participation—Employees from all levels
can be addressed. Training topics, lesson outlines, and attend-
including crewmembers, officers, masters, persons-in-charge,
ees should be documented. Where appropriate, such records
and shoreside personnel should be directly involved with the
should permit evaluation of the program on individual vessels
SOHSP. Shipboard and shoreside employees should be in-
aswellasacrossanentirefleet.Furtherguidanceisprovidedin
volved in developing, implementing, evaluating, and modify-
Annex A5.
ing the SOHSP. Employees should also participate in setting
4.6 Contract or Third Party Personnel—When contract or
health and safety objectives and performance criteria. This
involvementmightbethroughemployeemembershiponsafety third party personnel are on board to perform work, vessel
committees that provide input to management for the develop- personnel should provide information regarding potential haz-
ment of safety and health policy, debate and set health and ards on the vessel that may affect the contract or third party
safety goals, measure and evaluate performance, and recom- personnel. Potential hazards related to the work conducted by
mend modifications to the program based on their evaluation. contract or third party personnel should be provided to the
Shoreside and shipboard employees should work together to vessel owner/operator or the master/person-in-charge, or both.
achieve safety and health goals. For example, shoreside per- Each employer should provide appropriate information regard-
sonnel should participate on vessel safety committees since ing vessel and work hazards to their own employees. For
their decisions affect vessel operations and ultimately the example, exchange of information on chemical hazards might
health and safety of vessel personnel. In large companies, be accomplished by exchanging appropriate material safety
data sheets (MSDS), then each employer can inform their own
individual vessel safety committees might submit recommen-
dations to an overarching safety committee that evaluates the employees of the hazards identified in the MSDS. Further
guidance is provided in Annex A6.
recommendations and sets policy to apply appropriate recom-
mendations to the entire fleet. Further guidance is provided in
4.7 Fatality, Injury, Illness, and Incident Investigation—
Annex A2.
Personnel injuries, occupational illnesses, and “near miss”
4.3 Hazard Anticipation, Identification, Evaluation and incidentsshouldbepromptlyinvestigated.Thecurrentincident
Control—Thecorefunctionofanyhealthandsafetyprogramis and other similar occurrences should be analyzed to identify
prevention. Health and safety hazards including fire, reactivity, the primary (root) cause and any contributing factors. The
and chemical and physical hazards, need to be anticipated and investigation report, setting forth primary cause, contributing
prevented from occurring. Hazards and unsafe operating pro- factors, and corrective measures should be presented to man-
agement. Followup action that specifically addresses the re-
cedures need to be identified and addressed so they will not
endanger employees or the public and will not damage the port’s recommendations for corrective action should be under-
taken and documented. Further guidance is provided in Annex
vessel, cargo, or third party property. Potential hazards should
be systematically anticipated, identified, evaluated, and con- A7.
trolled. Tools such as job hazard analysis, industrial hygiene
4.8 Systematic Program Evaluation and Continuous
exposure assessments, and risk assessment/management meth-
Improvement—Maintaining an effective health and safety pro-
odologies enable the evaluation and control of hazards. Further
gram is an ongoing process. The SOHSP should have systems
guidance is provided in Annex A3.
for detecting, reporting, and correcting nonconformities to the
4.4 Training—Employees should receive training appropri- program. Some type of “formalized” evaluation should also be
ate for their duties and responsibilities so that they may work conducted on a periodic basis consistent with other aspects of
F2039 − 00 (2018)
the vessel’s management plan. The evaluation should deter- to Annex A1, Section A1.3, health and safety objectives) can
mine whether the SOHSP is appropriate for the vessel and its provideimportantindicatorsoftheeffectivenessoftheSOHSP.
operations, that actual practices are consistent with the pro- Further guidance is provided in Annex A8.
grams and procedures in the SOHSP, and that the SOHSP is
5. Keywords
effective. Comparison of data and records (refer to Annex A5,
Record Keeping) to performance objectives and criteria (refer 5.1 health; safety
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT AND LEADERSHIP
A1.1 Health and safety programs are most effective when health and safety performance. Objectives provide a target
they are integrated into the management structure of a against which those who are responsible for health and safety
company, rather than treated as an “add on” program. Ex- may measure their progress. Quantifiable objectives are desir-
amples of integrated health and safety efforts include: able since often, “What gets measured gets done.” (Refer to
Annex A8, Systematic Program Evaluation, for examples of
A1.1.1 Developing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs),
performance measures and an overall program audit.) Health
written to the education level of the person who must follow
and safety objectives may include:
the SOP, that integrate safe work practices and basic opera-
tional functions,
A1.3.1 Eliminate lost time incidents,
A1.1.2 Making design review by qualified health and safety
A1.3.2 Report “near miss” incidents or problems, evaluate,
personnel an element of the acquisition procedures, and
and if appropriate, implement changes to prevent a more
A1.1.3 Making consultation with qualified health and safety
serious incident or accident in the future,
personnel a part of the process when making changes to
A1.3.3 Develop and implement a program of evaluations
operations.
through drills and other means (for example, simulators) to
ensure that personnel are competent to carry out their duties,
A1.2 Executive management sets the tone for the entire
SOHSP through their policy regarding health and safety.
A1.3.4 Improve the health and safety program by
Examples of values that can be stated and commitments that
reviewing, considering, and implementing appropriate pub-
can be made in company policy include:
lished industry practices and consensus standards rather than
A1.2.1 Astatement that the company will make every effort
relying on the imposition of new regulatory standards. Ex-
to provide a safe and healthy workplace and that working
amples of consensus standards to consider include, but are not
safely is a condition of employment,
limited to: ANSI Z41-1991, ANSI Z87.1-1989, ANSI Z88.2-
1992, ANSI Z89.1-1986, ANSI Z244.1–1982 (R1993), ANSI/
A1.2.2 Statements that convey how important each crew
ASA S3.18-1979 (R1993), ANSI/ASA S3.44-1996, ANSI/
member is to the vessel as a fellow worker and as a company
AWS Z49.1-1994, ANSI Z4.1-1986, NFPA 1991-2000, NFPA
resource:
1992-2000, NFPA 306-1997, IMO A.864 (20), and IMO
A1.2.2.1 “The basic safety policy of this company is that no
A.468(XII).
task is so important that an employee must violate a safety rule
or put himself or herself at risk of injury or illness in order to
A1.3.5 Complete periodic comprehensive (or area-specific)
get it done.”,
hazard review,
A1.2.3 A written commitment to provide resources neces-
A1.3.6 Reduceexposurelevelstoairbornevaporstoaccept-
sary to implement the health and safety program could also be
able levels through appropriate controls,
included in the policy statement, and
A1.3.7 Complete annual respiratory fit testing on schedule,
A1.2.4 Management can demonstrate commitment to the
safety and health policies through word and action. For
A1.3.8 Develop and implement acute toxic exposure proce-
example, managers visiting vessels should follow safety rules
dures addressing first aid procedures, obtaining additional
and standard operating procedures, including use of hearing
emergency medical assistance, and appropriate medical sur-
protection,safetyglasses,safetyshoes,protectiveclothing,and
veillance tests (for example, S-phenylmercapturic acid in urine
so forth.
following a potential benzene overexposure), and
A1.3 Setting and attaining health and safety objectives A1.3.9 Develop and implement an occupational health
demonstrates a company’s commitment to improvement of medical surveillance plan.
F2039 − 00 (2018)
NOTE A1.1—The intent of this medical surveillance plan is to ensure
A1.5.1.8 Report unsafe practices or conditions observed
employees are not overexposed to hazards on the job including chemicals,
while on a vessel to the supervisor of the area.
radiation, noise, and so forth. This section is not intended to address
requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act or issues covered by
A1.5.2 Master/Person-In-Charge/Operator Should:
physical standards related to watch keeping published elsewhere.
A1.5.2.1 Ensure each crewmember receives an initial vessel
orientation, covering company safety policy, emergency
A1.4 Company management holds the authority to dedicate
necessary resources to achieve health and safety objectives. procedures, access and egress, fire fighting, job hazards, and
Necessary resources may include: information on hazardous materials before beginning work.
Document the completion of this orientation.
A1.4.1 Access to health and safety information,
A1.5.2.2 Ensure each crewmember is competent to perform
A1.4.2 Training, including classroom and on-the-job
a task or job by requiring a prejob explanation or walk through
training, that cover topics identified by the company’s risk
of all procedures including safe work practices before starting
assessmentprocessaswellasthoserequiredbyinternationalor
work on that project or equipment, or both. Require prejob
national standards. These topics would include but not be
refresher training if the employee cannot demonstrate this
limited to existing chemical and mechanical hazards,
competence.
A1.4.3 Qualified health and safety professionals, either on
A1.5.2.3 Ensure each crewmember has been issued and
the company staff or hired as consultants,
received training on the use of required personal protective
A1.4.4 Capital investments in engineering controls, and
equipment (PPE) before starting work on a project requiring
A1.4.5 Personal protective equipment.
PPE.
A1.5.2.4 Complete periodic walk-around health and safety
A1.5 Defining stewardship responsibilities and providing
checks of the vessel (accompanied by appropriate personnel
authority to carry out those responsibilities is an essential
including those who have responsibilities or work in certain
component of management commitment. For example:
areas,forexample,chiefengineerandanoilerinenginespaces
A1.5.1 Company Management Should:
and first mate and able-bodied seaman on deck).
A1.5.1.1 Designateashoresidepersonwhohasaccesstothe
A1.5.2.5 Periodically observe work performance of em-
executive management of the company and is responsible to
ployees for compliance with safety rules contained or docu-
ensure essential health and safety issues are clearly communi-
mented in the SOHSP.
cated to executive management of the company and decisions
regarding those issues are clearly communicated back to the A1.5.2.6 Set a good example for subordinates by following
established safety rules and attending training as appropriate.
vessel.
A1.5.1.2 Ensure adequate resources of time, funds for
A1.5.2.7 Complete a preliminary investigation of all acci-
health and safety equipment, training and expertise are avail-
dents and report findings to company management.
able to effectively implement the program throughout the
A1.5.2.8 Provideinformationtocompanymanagementsug-
company.
gesting changes to company-wide standard operating proce-
A1.5.1.3 Ensure that a safety committee or other mecha-
dures or equipment that will improve employee safety.
nism to involve crewmembers in health and safety issues is
A1.5.3 Offıcers/Other Management Personnel Should:
created on each vessel adequately.
A1.5.1.4 Ensure that the elements of the shipboard health
A1.5.3.1 Act as the master’s or person-in-charge’s represen-
and safety program are integrated and systematically imple-
tative and implement examples listed for the master in areas
mented throughout the company and on each vessel.
over which they exercise supervision (for example, first mate
A1.5.1.5 Ensure that objectives are developed and perfor-
responsible for “deck” personnel and Chief Engineer respon-
mance measures are reported from each vessel.
sible for “engineers”).
A1.5.1.6 Ensurethatallappropriateprogramsaredeveloped
A1.6 Managementshouldestablishaccountabilityforhealth
and implemented including, but not limited to respiratory
and safety as part of job performance reviews. Performance
protection, hearing protection, confined space entry, and lock
out-tag out. reporting regarding health is as important and should be as
routine within the company as reports regarding timeliness of
A1.5.1.7 Set a good example for employees by following
established safety rules on vessels and by staying current on delivery, cargo loss or contamination, or citations regarding
training commensurate with duties. violations of regulations.
F2039 − 00 (2018)
A2. EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION
A2.1 Full participation in developing, implementing, to meaningfully participate in identifying and solving health
evaluating, and continually improving the SOHSP helps those and safety problems. Those crewmembers, officers, and shore-
on board the vessel see the SOHSP as something that is the side personnel who receive additional training in health and
result of a value they share with vessel owners/operators. safety and actively participate in the development of the vessel
Personnel directly involved with the work are often the best or company SOHSP, or both, also become health and safety
source of information on health or safety hazards and often can “champions” among their peers. Additional information on
suggest effective methods for abating those hazards. Shoreside training is provided in Annex A4.
personnel need to be directly and heavily involved with the
A2.2 Since health and safety objectives and performance
SOHSP because they are integral in setting the rules and
may directly affect crewmembers’ and officers’ current or
schedules for vessel operation. Shoreside personnel also rep-
future health and safety, or both, they should be involved in
resent the vessel to management and are the link to the
setting those objectives and performance criteria. This partici-
resources and authority necessary for the success of the
pation may be accomplished through health and safety com-
SOHSP. Specific ways that crewmembers, officers, and shore-
mittee involvement, labor negotiations, or other mechanism
side personnel can contribute to the SOHSP include:
suitable to the specific company. Refer to Annex A1, Section
A2.1.1 Participating in periodic vessel inspections,
A1.3 for examples of health and safety objectives and perfor-
A2.1.2 Evaluating safety and health program materials, mance criteria.
A2.1.3 Developing standard operating procedures that in-
A2.3 Employees should:
corporate safe working practices,
A2.3.1 Fully understand (including underlying principles)
A2.1.4 Conductingjobsafety/hazardanalyses(JSAs/JHAs),
and follow established standard operating procedures and
A2.1.5 Reviewing and analyzing injury and illness data, safety rules.
A2.3.2 Report unsafe conditions or actions to supervisor as
A2.1.6 Participating in risk assessment and risk manage-
soon as they become aware of them.
ment activities,
A2.3.3 Report all injuries to supervisor promptly.
A2.1.7 Participating in accident/incident/problem
investigations,
A2.3.4 Report all accidents, near misses, or problems to
supervisor promptly.
A2.1.8 Developing solutions to health and safety com-
plaints and disputes,
A2.3.5 Use personal protective equipment (PPE) in good
working condition where it is required.
A2.1.9 Evaluating safety and health training activities, and
A2.3.6 Do not remove or defeat any safety device or
A2.1.10 Evaluating the safety and health management sys-
safeguard.
tem.
A2.3.7 Encourage shipmates by words and behavior to
A2.1.11 Line or operations personnel including
follow standard operating procedures and use safe work
crewmembers, officers, and shoreside personnel outside the
practices on the job.
health and safety staff may need training in health and safety
techniques such as job safety/hazard analysis, reviewing injury A2.3.8 Make suggestions to supervisor or safety committee
and illness data for trends, risk assessment, and investigations. representative about changes to operating procedures, work
This initial training investment enables those who do the work practices, or equipment that will improve safety.
A3. HAZARD ANTICIPATION, IDENTIFICATION, EVALUATION AND CONTROL
A3.1 Potential hazards on the vessel and created by the A3.1.1 Hazardous atmospheres caused by oxygen
vessel should be systematically anticipated, identified, deficiency, flammable or toxic gases or vapors, and biological
evaluated, and controlled. Hazards that should be discovered,
agents,
evaluated, and controlled by the SOHSP include hazards
A3.1.2 Chemical hazards and the proper handling of vessel
addressed by international conventions and national regula-
generated hazardous wastes,
tions and other hazards that are causing or likely to cause
illness, death, or serious physical harm to workers or the
public. Types of hazards to consider may include:
F2039 − 00 (2018)
A3.1.3 Physical hazards including noise, vibration, A3.5 Methods of hazard control are hierarchical. In order of
radiation, electricity, uncontrolled mechanical energy, and preference, they include:
shifting cargoes that may engulf a crewmember,
A3.5.1 Inherent safe design and verification of design out-
A3.1.4 Ergonomic factors including fatigue, workstation put to design requirements.
design, and poor team practices,
A3.5.2 Material substitution such as:
A3.1.5 Collisions, groundings, or rammings and their resul-
A3.5.2.1 Nonhazardous insulation for asbestos lagging,
tant impacts, and
A3.5.2.2 Citrus-based cleaning agents for solvent-based
cleaning agents, and
A3.1.6 Drowning.
A3.5.2.3 Nontoxic paint for toxic paint.
A3.2 Methods of anticipation include:
A3.5.3 Engineering controls such as:
A3.2.1 Systematic requirements for vessel and equipment
A3.5.3.1 Closed gauging,
design and modification review by qualified health and safety
A3.5.3.2 Vapor recovery systems, and
personnel,
A3.5.3.3 Climate-controlled spaces such as control booths
A3.2.2 Periodic management review of the vessel and its in engine rooms.
operation, its equipment, and its fitness for purpose,
A3.5.4 Administrative controls such as:
A3.2.3 A procurement system that automatically requires
A3.5.4.1 Systematic review for fitness of vessel for
consideration of health and safety aspects of items ordered,
operations,
A3.5.4.2 Standard operating procedures that incorporate
A3.2.4 Consideration of fitness for current conditions, and
safeworkpractices.Someactivitiesthatmightrequirestandard
A3.2.5 Systematic review of vessel and shoreside team
operating procedures with integrated safe work practices in-
practices.
clude:
A3.5.4.3 Machinery startup and shutdown operations,
A3.3 Methods of identifying hazards include:
A3.5.4.4 Emergency response to machinery failures,
A3.3.1 Vessel inspections,
A3.5.4.5 Getting underway and entering port operations,
A3.3.2 Industrialhygieneexposureassessmentsofchemical
A3.5.4.6 Cargo loading and unloading operations,
and biological hazards including inhalation and dermal expo-
A3.5.4.7 Response to unplanned or emergency situations
sure routes and physical hazards such as vibration and ergo-
during cargo operations,
nomic hazards,
A3.5.4.8 Man overboard procedures,
A3.3.3 Job safety analyses including risk assessment, both A3.5.4.9 Lifeboat-launching procedures,
statistical and expert opinion based, A3.5.4.10 Watchkeeping procedures,
A3.5.4.11 Teamworking procedures such as bridge resource
A3.3.4 Employee hazardous condition notification system
management taught in simulators with practice by actual team
including easy-to-understand labeling system for all possible
members,
mechanical and chemical hazards,
A3.5.4.12 Prejob planning and briefings,
A3.3.5 Review of available safety and health data to iden-
A3.5.4.13 Job hazard/safety analyses (JHAs/JSAs),
tify trends,
A3.5.4.14 Emergency procedures,
A3.3.6 Readersinterestedinphysicalstandardsmayreferto
A3.5.4.15 Systematic inspection of incoming equipment
U.S. Coast Guard Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular
and equipment in use to ensure conformation to specifications
2-98, Physical Evaluation Guidelines for Merchant Mariner’s
identified in the SOHSP (for example, personal protective
Documents and Licenses, and
equipment),
A3.5.4.16 An easy-to-understand labeling system for all
A3.3.7 Readers interested in preemployment drug tests may
possible mechanical and chemical hazards, and
refer to 46 CFR 16.210.
A3.5.4.17 Occupational medical surveillance programs tai-
A3.4 Methods of hazard evaluation include:
lored to vessel and cargo hazards.
A3.4.1 Comparison of industrial hygiene exposure levels to
A3.5.5 Specific programs that need special attention within
standards identified in the SOHSP (for example, standards
the overall SOHSP:
required by regulation or prudent levels adopted by the
A3.5.5.1 Respiratory protection program,
company in the absence of regulatory requirements).
A3.5.5.2 Hearing loss prevention program,
A3.4.2 Risk analysis tools, including:
A3.5.5.3 Safe lifting procedures,
A3.4.2.1 Hazard effects and control analysis,
A3.5.5.4 Permit-to-work programs for operations such as
A3.4.2.2 Hazard control analysis, lock out and tag out, tank or hold cleaning operations, confined
A3.4.2.3 Fault tree analysis of possibilities based on expert space entry, hot work operations, including a gas-freeing
opinion, program, working aloft, and
A3.4.2.4 Management oversight and risk analysis, and
A3.5.5.5 Health and safety equipment control, calibration,
A3.4.2.5 Task hazard analysis. and maintenance procedures.
F2039 − 00 (2018)
A3.5.6 Security procedures to control entry and exit of A3.5.8 Employee assistance and wellness programs,
personnel to and from the vessel
A3.5.9 Preemployment chemical tests for dangerous drugs,
A3.5.7 Basic safety rules such as:
A3.5.10 Incentiveprogramssuchassafetyawards,bonuses,
Do not do things which are unsafe to get the job done. If a
and vessel competitions, and
necessary activity is unsafe, report it to the supervisor so it can
be evaluated and alternate methods developed.
A3.5.11 Disciplinary policy that provides for progressive
Mechanical guards must be kept in place at all times when
consequences depending on the severity or repetition of the
machinery is being operated. Do not remove or disable any
violation of a safety rule, or both.
safety device!
No person may operate a piece of equipment unless they
A3.5.12 Personal protective equipment such as:
have been trained and are authorized. Notify supervisor that
A3.5.12.1 Safety glasses, goggles, hearing protection,
training is needed if asked to perform a function not learned in
safety shoes, protective clothing, chemical protective booties,
meeting the requirements for your license.
respiratory protection, and
Use personal protective equipment whenever it is required.
A3.5.12.2 Impervious gloves for food handlers as appropri-
Obey all safety warning signs.
ate.
Smoking is only permitted in designated locations and may
be entirely prohibited at certain times, such as during cargo
A3.5.13 Preventive maintenance of the vessel and equip-
transfer operations.
ment and basic housekeeping programs.
Good housekeeping is an important part of accident pre-
vention. Replace all tools and supplies after use. Do not allow
rubbish or debris to accumulate where they will become a
hazard.
A4. TRAINING
A4.1 Training to enable all employees to recognize hazards A4.1.8 Recognition and control of fatigue.
and to take appropriate precautions should include:
A4.2 Additional training for those with specific health or
A4.1.1 General orientation to the company,
safety responsibilities may include:
A4.1.2 Overview of the company’s health and safety
A4.2.1 Risk assessment and risk management including:
program,
A4.2.1.1 Health and safety data trend analysis,
A4.1.3 Vessel orientation including access and egress,
A4.2.1.2 Job safety analysis, and
A4.1.4 Emergency procedures in case of fire, confined
A4.2.1.3 Shipboard watch implications.
space entry incident, release of hazardous chemicals or cargo,
A4.2.2 Fatality, injury, illness, “near miss” incident, and
and overexposure,
problem investigation and root cause analysis.
A4.1.5 The nature of potential hazards to which employees
A4.3 Effective worker protection programs do not stop at
may be exposed during routine tasks and how to recognize
initial training. Effective programs evaluate the success of the
symptoms of exposure,
training provided and offer refresher training on both a routine
A4.1.6 Use of protective measures, such as standard oper-
and as-needed basis.
ating procedures that incorporate safe work practices, and
protective equipment and clothing (refer to AnnexA3, Section
A4.4 Elaborate training programs solely related to safety
A3.5, Hazard Control),
and health are not always needed. Integrating consideration of
A4.1.7 Specific programs including respiratory protection, safety and health protection into all organizational activities is
confined space entry, hearing loss prevention, lockout-tagout, the key to effectiveness. Safety and health information should
fall protection, safe lifting, health and safety equipment be integrated into other training about performance require-
control, calibration and maintenance, and ments and job practices.
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A5. RECORD KEEPING
A5.1 Records are needed to document hazard control efforts A5.2.3 Crew member safety suggestions,
such as job hazard analyses, industrial hygiene sampling, and
A5.2.4 Industrial hygiene monitoring results for both per-
training. Data collection systems that enable trend analysis
sonal and area samples,
help in identifying injuries and illnesses with common causes.
A5.2.5 Job safety analyses,
A review of shipboard personnel injury and illness experience
over a period of time may reveal patterns of injury and illness
A5.2.6 Safety committee reports,
with common causes, which can be addressed. Similarly, a
A5.2.7 Safety inspection reports or log entries,
review of accidents, “near miss” incidents, or problems over
time can reveal patterns of dangerous practice, which need
A5.2.8 Medical surveillance data (aimed at identifying ex-
correctiontoassuresafety.Thecorrelationofchangesininjury, posures so that proper interventions, including improvement of
illness, and “near miss” incident or problem experience with hazard controls, may be initiated),
changes in the safety and health program, operations, work
A5.2.9 Training (refer to Annex A4 for a discussion of
processes, and personnel may help to identify potential causes
recommended training):
and likelihood of personnel accidents, injuries, and illnesses,
A5.2.9.1 Record training outline, date, and attendance,
and danger or risk to the public. Audits that evaluate the
A5.2.9.2 Record completion of courses such as fire fighting
effectiveness of the health and safety program can be used to
and confined space entry schools, and
identify weak points in the system.
A5.2.10 Safety and health management system audits (refer
A5.2 Examples of records that should be maintained in-
to Annex A8 for an example).
clude:
A5.3 The extent of recordkeeping necessary to document
A5.2.1 Death, injury, illness, accident, “near miss” incident,
the effectiveness of the program will vary depending on the
and problem data including:
sizeofthecompany,levelandnatureofexposuretohazardson
A5.2.1.1 Investigation reports and root cause analysis (see
the vessel, and other factors.The records should be maintained
also Annex A7, Fatality, Injury, Illness, and Incident
as long as necessary in light of their intended use.
Investigation), and
A5.2.1.2 Injury, illness, near miss, and problem rates,
A5.4 Records of individual ships should also be shared with
A5.2.2 Hazardous condition notifications and abatement other ships and analyzed as a larger base of data to gain
actions, information on frequency of problems to identify trends better.
A6. CONTRACT OR THIRD PARTY PERSONNEL
A6.1 The vessel owner/operator or the master/person-in- address those hazards. The contract or third party person-in-
charge, or both, should provide information on applicable
charge should also inform the vessel personnel of any other
elements of the company’s health and safety program, vessel
health and safety hazards in the course of their work on the
hazards, safety rules, standard operating procedures, and emer-
vessel.
gency procedures with contract or third party personnel who
A6.4 During the initial exchange of information regarding
may be exposed to vessel or cargo hazards.
vessel hazards and hazards presented by the work intended, the
A6.2 The contractor or third party should inform his/her
actions of the contractor or third party toward the health and
employees of the applicable elements of the vessel’s health and
safety of the vessel crew and their own employees should be
safety program and of any known vessel or cargo hazards to
clearly identified. Likewise, the actions of the vessel personnel
whichhis/heremployeesmaybeexposed.Thecontractorthird
toward the health and safety of the contractor or third party
party person-in-charge should also direct his/her employees to
should be clearly identified. Emergency procedures should be
followthehealthandsafetyrulesofthevesseltotheextentthat
clearly agreed upon in advance.
they meet or exceed the contractor’s or third party’s own
requirements.
A6.3 The contract or third party person-in-charge should
inform the vessel’s master or person-in-charge of any health
and safety hazards presented by their work and how they will
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A7. FATALITY, INJURY, ILLNESS AND INCIDENT INVESTIGATION
A7.1 The objective of an investigation is to prevent related A7.3 The final report should include:
incidents from recurring. An investigation should identify the
A7.3.1 Asummary outlining the basic facts of the incident,
circumstances of the injury, illness, or incident and reveal the
A7.3.2 A narrative detailing the circumstances of the casu-
proximate causes, contributing factors, and root causes by
alty or near incident,
gathering and analyzing information and drawing conclusions.
Identification and correction of causes may prevent similar A7.3.3 Analysis and comment that lead to logical conclu-
incidents from recurring. Furthermore, identifying and correct-
sions or findings, establishing all the factors, including root
ing a true root cause may prevent other, apparently unrelated cause(s) that contributed to the incident, and
incidents, giving even more return on the effort expended to
A7.3.4 Immediate and long-term recommendations aimed
identify root causes. For example, if a problem with the
at preventing similar accidents and correcting root causes.
company’s training system was identified as the root cause for
a confined space incident, then correcting the entire training
A7.4 It may be helpful to categorize investigation data. An
system may prevent an injury that would have been caused by
example of a one-page form divided into information catego-
anuntrainedpersonimproperlyoperatingapieceofmachinery.
ries is provided (Fig.A7.1).Additional pages might be used to
capture the summary, narrative, analysis, and recommenda-
A7.2 Start the investigation as soon as possible after the
tions (Fig. A7.2).
incidentoccurs.Interviewworkersinvolvedintheincidentand
all witnesses. Discover situations leading up to the incident
A7.5 The information in this annex was drawn from the
including several days before. These situations may include
references below. Further guidance regarding accident investi-
contributing factors. (Human factors including fatigue often
gation may be obtained from IMOA.849 (20) and Refs (1 and
are found as root or contributing factors and may accumulate
2).
overaperiodoftime.)Examinethelocationoftheincidentand
identify factors associated with the incident. Interview other
company personnel as needed to determine root causes. Docu-
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
ment the investigation and recommendations. this standard.
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FIG. A7.1 Data Form
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FIG. A7.2 Statement Form
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A8. SYSTEMATIC SHIPBOARD OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAM EVALUATION
A8.1 Tools that may help with program evaluation include: A8.3 The audit tool may be used to evaluate a SOHSP. The
elements scored in the audit tool are the first seven elements of
A8.1.1 Trend analysis of fatality, injury, illness, and “near
a SOHSP. Some elements are further divided into factors that
miss” incident statistics,
are individually scored. The auditor should objectively score
A8.1.2 Trend analysis of records of “unsafe acts or the vessel’s SOHSP on each of the individual factors and
behaviors”, elements after obtaining the necessary information to do so.
A8.1.3 Review of vessel safety committee reports and
A8.4 Calculate the overall SCORE, as follows:
recommendations, and
A8.4.1 Score each element:
A8.4.1.1 The score for the Management Commitment and
A8.1.4 Review of hazardous condition notifications and
Leadership Element is the lower of the two scores of the
abatement actions.
General and Implementation Factors.
A8.2 Performance measures that may assist in program
A8.4.1.2 The score for the Employee Participation Element
evaluation include:
is the lower of the two scores for the General and Hazard
Reporting Factors.
A8.2.1 Lost time incident rate,
A8.4.1.3 The score for the Hazard Anticipation,
A8.2.2 Fatality rate,
Identification, Evaluation and Control Element is the average
of all six factors.
A8.2.3 Acute toxic exposure incidents per 1000 employee
A8.4.1.4 The scores for single-factor elements are the
work hours,
scores for the factor.
A8.2.4 Number of nonconformities with standard operating
The overall SCORE is the average score of the seven
procedures per 100 employee work hours,
element scores and may be assigned a “verbal” description
based upon the score.
A8.2.5 Percentage of training required by SOHSP com-
SCORE Level of Shipboard Occupational Health and Safety Program
pleted on schedule,
5 Outstanding program
A8.2.6 Percentage of annual respiratory fit testing com-
4 Superior program
3 Basic program
pleted on schedule, and
2 Developmental program
1 No program or ineffective program
A8.2.7 Percentage of annual medical monitoring exams
completed on schedule.
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NOTE 1—Tables A8.1-A8.14 provide the verbal descriptions anchoring the numeric indicators in Fig. A8.1.
FIG. A8.1 Evaluation Form
TABLE A8.1 Management Commitment and Leadership
General
Management commitment and leadership is a precondition for an effective
SOHSP.
1 Management demonstrates no policy, goals, objectives, or interest in
safety and health issues on this vessel.
2 Management sets and communicates safety and health policy and
goals, but remains detached from all other safety and health efforts.
3 Management follows all safety and health rules and gives visible support
to the safety and health efforts of others.
4 Management participates in significant aspects of the site’s safety and
health program, such as site inspections, incident reviews, and program
reviews. Incentive programs that discourage reporting of accidents,
symptoms, injuries, or hazards are absent. Other incentive programs
may be present.
5 Site safety and health issues are regularly included on agendas of
management operations meetings. Management clearly
demonstrates—by involvement, support, and example—the primary
importance of safety and health for everyone on the work site.
Performance is consistent and sustained or has improved over time.
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TABLE A8.2 Management Commitment and Leadership TABLE A8.3 Employee Participation
Implementation General
Implementation means tools, provided by management, that include: Employee participation provides the means through which those who actually
• Resources: do the work identify hazards, recommend and monitor abatement, and
• budget otherwise participate in their own protection.
• information 1 Worker participation in workplace
...