ASTM F2751-16

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2751 − 09 F2751 − 16
Standard Guide for
Training of Support Level Land a Land Search and Rescue
Team Member (LRT-Support) Member
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for LRT-Support Members as it relates to their general, field, and
rescue-specific knowledge and skills. This document may appropriately be used to develop or evaluate a training document or
program.requirements, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for personnel who perform land search and
rescue without ropes.
1.2 Land Search and Rescue Team Members perform search and rescue on the surface of the land only, including urban or
disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.
1.3 An LRT-Support Member rescues on the surface of the land only, including wilderness, mountainous, desert, or remote
environments. This guide alone This guide does not provide the minimum training requirements for rescuing in the high angle
environment, required for performing land rescue in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or
underground (such as caves, mines, and tunnels).tunnels), or in mountainous terrain.
1.2.1 An LRT-Support Member is required to have knowledge and skill sets pertaining to the evacuation/carryout component
of rescue.
1.2.2 LRT-Support Members must work under qualified supervision.
1.2.3 LRT-Support Members are eligible to be members of Type II search teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993.
1.4 Personnel trained to this guide alone are not qualified to direct rope rescues. No knots, rope work, or high angle or low angle
rescue skills are included in this guide.
1.4.1 The minimum training required for rope rescue can be found in Guides F2752, F2954, and F2955.
1.4.2 Personnel are qualified to conduct search and rescue operations on non-technical terrain.
1.5 Personnel trained to this guide alone are not qualified to operate in leadership positions.
1.6 Personnel trained to this guide are eligible to be members of Type II search teams or crews as defined in Classification
F1993.
1.6.1 Type II teams that may utilize personnel trained to this guide are as follows:
1.6.1.1 Kind A (wilderness);
1.6.1.2 Kind B (urban);
1.6.1.3 Kind J (evidence/cadaver);
1.6.1.4 Kind K (missing aircraft).
1.6.1.5 Personnel trained to this guide are eligible to be members of Kind C (mountainous) teams provided that they are
supervised by a Mountain or Alpine endorsed team member.
1.7 Type II teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are Kind A (wilderness), Kind C (mountainous), or other
remote areas including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.Further training may be required
before a Land Search and Rescue Team Member can participate on a particular Kind of rescue team, depending on local needs,
regulations, or policies of the authority having jurisdiction.
1.3.1 Further training may be required before an LRT-Support Member can actually participate on a particular kind of rescue
team, based on specific local need, regulations, or policies.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel, Training
and Education.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009March 15, 2016. Published May 2009April 2016. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2751–09.
DOI: 10.1520/F2751-09.10.1520/F2751-16.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2751 − 16
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitationsrequirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1490 Terminology Relating to Search and Rescue (Withdrawn 2011)
F1591 Practice for Visual Signals Between Persons on the Ground and in Aircraft During Ground Emergencies
F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land Search
F1768F1773 Guide for Using Whistle Signals During Rope Rescue OperationsTerminology Relating to Climbing,
Mountaineering, Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices
F1993 Classification System of Human Search and Rescue Resources (Withdrawn 2014)
F2047 Practice for Workers’ Compensation Coverage of Emergency Services Volunteers
F2209 Guide for Training of Land Search Team Member
F2047F2752 Practice for Workers’ Compensation Coverage of Emergency Services VolunteersGuide for Training for Level I
Rope Rescue (R1) Rescuer Endorsement
F2890 Guide for Hazard Awareness for Search and Rescue Personnel
F2954 Guide for Training for Level II Rope Rescue (R2) Rescuer Endorsement
F2955 Guide for Training for Level III Rope Rescue (R3) Rescuer Endorsement
F3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Task Book (PTB)
2.2 Other Documents:
NWCG PMS 307 Work Capacity Test
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, see Terminology F1490, Guide F1633, Classification F1993, Practice F2047,
Guide F2209, and other references within this guide.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 high angle, n—terrain whose average slope has an angle greater than 50° from horizontal.
3.1.2 land rescue team, n—aorganized group of individuals rescuing people who perform rescue on the surface of the earth.earth
without the use of ropes.
3.1.3 Support Level Land Rescue Team Member (LRT-Support Member ), low angle, n—a member of a rescue team who, as a
minimum, meets the requirements of this guide. These requirements define the basic, entry, awareness, or similar term level of land
rescue knowledge and skills.terrain whose average slope has an angle of 30 to 50° from horizontal.
3.1.4 non-technical terrain, n—a tract of land characterized by minimal slopes and little variation in elevation, where a person
is able to move safely and effectively on two feet, without handholds, and without the need for a belay.
3.1.5 qualified supervisor, n—individual with demonstrated knowledge or competence in a task, to whom the authority having
jurisdiction (AHJ) has granted the authority to observe and oversee an individual performing that task.
3.1.6 rescue, n—operation to retrieve persons in distress, provide for their initial medical or other needs, and deliver them to
a place of safety.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this guide, see Terminology F1773, Guide F1633, Classification F1993, Practice
F2047, Guide F2209, and other references listed in this guide.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training Land Rescue Team Members as it relates to their general, field,
and rescue-specific knowledge and skills. A person trained to this guide is a Support Level Land Rescue Team Member
(LRT-Support Member).knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person shall have to perform as a Land Search and Rescue Team
Member. No other skills are included or implied.
4.2 Every person who is identified as an LRT-Support a Land Search and Rescue Team Member shall have met the requirements
of this guide.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from NWCG IRM-PMO, National Interagency Fire Center, 3833 S. Development Avenue, Boise, ID 83705, www.nwcg.gov.
It is the intent of Committee F32 to develop certain skill set-specific endorsements that will augment this document. The intent is to provide additional guidance for
training to specific technical capabilities or disciplines found in rescue including rope rescue, swiftwater, etc.Definition from the "National Search and Rescue Plan of the
United States (NSP),” 2007, http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg534/manuals/Natl_SAR_Plan%282007%29.pdf
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4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and Agencies Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) that wish to identify the minimum training
standards for LRT-Support Members.
4.3 This guide is only the first level of training for land rescue personnel and, in conjunction with Guide to be used by
individuals and agencies having jurisdiction that wish to identify the F2209, only establishes the minimum knowledge and skills
minimum training required for a person to perform basic evacuation type rescue of a subject. No rope rescue or other advanced
skills are included or implied.Land Search and Rescue Team Member.
4.3.1 Although this guide establishes the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Team Member, it does not
imply that a Land Search and Rescue Team Member is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an AHJ.
4.3.2 Determining the requirements and qualifications for land search and rescue team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.
4.3.3 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.
4.3.4 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.
4.4 Additional skill set-specific endorsements may be used in conjunction with this document to classify rescue personnel to
more specific rescue disciplines.This guide can be used to evaluate a document or training program to determine if its content
includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate as a Land Search and Rescue Team Member.
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an
LRT-Support a Land Search and Rescue Team Member, although it can be used to develop a training document or program.
4.7 It is up to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) to determine the depth or detail of training to meet its needs.
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and mustshall be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information
needed by a particular LRT-Support Land Search and Rescue Team Member or AHJ.
4.9 Though this guide establishes the minimum standards, it does not imply that a (SLLRT) Member is a “trainee,”
“probationary,” or other similar term member of an AHJ. It is up to the AHJ to determine the requirements and qualifications for
member ratings.
4.10 Because technical rescue is inherently dangerous and Land Rescue Team Members are frequently required to perform
rigorous activities in adverse conditions, regional and national safety standards shall be included in agency policies and procedures.
Land Rescue Team Members shall complete all activities in the safest possible manner and shall follow national, federal, state,
provincial, and local safety standards as they apply to the Land Rescue Team Member.
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training an
LRT-Support a Land Search and Rescue Team Member. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program
to see if it meets the requirements of this guide.
4.8 The knowledge and skills requirements presented in the following sections are not presented in any particular order and do
not represent a training sequence.
4.9 A Land Search and Rescue Team Member shall document his or her training by completion of a position task book,
compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision.
4.10 Unless stated otherwise, an ability or proficiency in a skill shall be demonstrated for initial qualification and then as often
as required by the AHJ.
4.11 Except where a physical skill needs to be shown, it is up to the AHJ toor ability shall be demonstrated, the AHJ shall
determine the best way to evaluate a person’sperson’s knowledge. This may be by written exam,examination, oral exam,
examination, demonstration, or by some combination of the three.
4.12 Additional skill set-specific endorsements may be used in conjunction with this guide to train rescue personnel for other
rescue disciplines.
5. Personal Fitness and Health
5.1 Land Search and Rescue Team Members shall demonstrate annually that they meet the requirements of a medical fitness
standard determined by the AHJ.
5.2 Land Search and Rescue Team Members shall demonstrate annually that they meet the requirements of a physical
performance standard determined by the AHJ.
5.2.1 The recommended minimum physical performance requirement for Land Rescue Team Members is the "Moderate" level
as defined in NWCG PMS 307 (see Appendix X1).
6. General Knowledge and Skills
6.1 A Land Search and Rescue Team Member shall meet all requirements of Guide F2209.
6.2 A Land Search and Rescue Team Member shall maintain certification in adult, child, infant, and two rescuer CPR.
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6.3 A Land Search and Rescue Team Member shall maintain certification in basic first aid or a more advanced level of
emergency care.
7. General Knowledge and SkillsPersonal Safety
5.1 General Requirements:
5.1.1 As a prerequisite, LRT-Support Member shall meet all requirements of Guide F2209.
5.2 Personal Requirements:
5.2.1 Personnel operating at this level should possess minimum physical fitness standards as required by NWCG PMS 307 or
equivalent.
5.2.2 Medical req
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