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ASTM F2955-12

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Training for Level III Rope Rescue (R3) Rescuer Endorsement

Standard Guide for Training for Level III Rope Rescue (R3) Rescuer Endorsement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training rope rescuers as it relates to their rope rescue specific knowledge and skills. A person trained to this guide is an endorsed Level III Rope Rescuer (LRT-R3 Rescuer).  
4.1.1 Every person who is identified as an endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.2 This guide is only the third level of training for rope rescue personnel and, in conjunction with Guides F2209, F2751, F2752, and F2954, only establishes the minimum knowledge and skills required for a person to perform or lead advanced rope rescue. No other advanced skills are included or implied.  
4.1.3 In addition to meeting the requirements of this guide, an endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer shall also be adequately trained to operate effectively and safely in the environment in which he is expected to work (that is, wilderness, urban, industrial, and so forth).  
4.1.4 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.2 Endorsement to Level III Rope Rescue (LRT-R3 Rescuer) is an indication that a person possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions. A person so endorsed is qualified to support or direct a rope rescue team in an area with high fall exposure and/or falling hazard potential, including high angle environments.  
4.3 This guide by itself is not a complete training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer. It may, however, be used in the development of, or as part of, a complete training document or program.  
4.3.1 This guide does not stand alone. It must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by an endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer or for an AHJ to properly evaluate a training program or text.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards, it does not imply that an endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer is a “trainee,” “probat...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with, and as an add-on to, Guides F2751, F2752, and F2954 (or equivalent for other environments), to address the specific knowledge and skills required for a rescuer who participates in rope rescue at a higher level of responsibility and complexity.  
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide is intended to define the training that would prepare an endorsed Level III Rope Rescuer (LRT-R3) or equivalent to support or direct a team in advanced rope rescue functions, including pre-planning and size-up of rope rescue operations, designing and directing the construction of rope systems for moving a victim in low and high angle environments, directing the construction and operation of highline and related rope systems, and performing advanced rope rigging functions, in conjunction with other rescue duties.  
1.1.2 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for an endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer as related to general, field, and rope rescue-specific knowledge and skills.  
1.2 An endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer performs rope rescues in low and high angle terrain and is capable of directing LRT-R1 and LRT-R2 Rescuers.  
1.2.1 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing or assisting in rescues that occur in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.2.2 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for climbing Class 5 or higher rock and/or ice to perform a rescue.  
1.3 An endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer is required to have knowledge and skill sets pertaining to technically advanced subject evacuation. These include but are not limited to advanced knots and rigging, functioning as a litter tender in a high angle lowering or raising operation, and directing a team in the rescue of a subject suspended in a high angle environment.  
1.4 Type III ...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2012
ICS
13.200 - Accident and disaster control
Technical Committee
F32 - Search and Rescue
Drafting Committee
F32.03 - Personnel, Training and Education
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F2955-19 - Standard Guide for Training for Advanced Rope Rescuer Endorsement
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM F3193-16 - Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM F3222-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to F32 Land Search and Rescue Standards and Guides
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM F2751-16 - Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search and Rescue Team Member
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM F1993-16(2022) - Standard Classification System of Human Land Search and Rescue Resources
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012

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ASTM F2955-12 - Standard Guide for Training for Level III Rope Rescue (R3) Rescuer EndorsementASTM F2955-12 - Standard Guide for Training for Level III Rope Rescue (R3) Rescuer Endorsement
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ASTM F2955-12 - Standard Guide for Training for Level III Rope Rescue (R3) Rescuer Endorsement
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2955 − 12
Standard Guide for
Training for Level III Rope Rescue (R3) Rescuer
1
Endorsement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2955; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4 Type III teams, as defined in Classification F1993,
which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are Kind A
1.1 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with,
(wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C (mountainous).
and as an add-on to, Guides F2751, F2752, and F2954 (or
1.4.1 Further training may be required before an endorsed
equivalent for other environments), to address the specific
LRT-R3Rescuercanactuallyparticipateonaparticularkindof
knowledge and skills required for a rescuer who participates in
rope rescue team, depending on the authority having jurisdic-
rope rescue at a higher level of responsibility and complexity.
tion (AHJ) regulations or policies.
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide is intended to define the
training that would prepare an endorsed Level III Rope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Rescuer (LRT-R3) or equivalent to support or direct a team in safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
advanced rope rescue functions, including pre-planning and responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
size-up of rope rescue operations, designing and directing the priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
construction of rope systems for moving a victim in low and bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
high angle environments, directing the construction and opera-
2. Referenced Documents
tion of highline and related rope systems, and performing
2
advanced rope rigging functions, in conjunction with other
2.1 ASTM Standards:
rescue duties.
F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land Search
1.1.2 This guide establishes the minimum training standard
F1768 GuideforUsingWhistleSignalsDuringRopeRescue
for an endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer as related to general, field,
Operations
and rope rescue-specific knowledge and skills.
F1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering,
1.2 An endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer performs rope rescues in Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices
F1993 Classification System of Human Search and Rescue
low and high angle terrain and is capable of directing LRT-R1
Resources
and LRT-R2 Rescuers.
F2047 Practice for Workers’ Compensation Coverage of
1.2.1 This guide alone does not provide the minimum
Emergency Services Volunteers
training requirements for performing or assisting in rescues
F2209 Guide for Training of Level I Land Search Team
that occur in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on
Member
water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves,
F2751 Guide for Training of Support Level Land Rescue
mines, and tunnels).
Team Member (LRT-Support) Member
1.2.2 This guide alone does not provide the minimum
F2752 Guide for Training for Level I Rope Rescue (R1)
training requirements for climbing Class 5 or higher rock
Rescuer Endorsement
and/or ice to perform a rescue.
F2954 Guide for Training for Level II Rope Rescue (R2)
1.3 An endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer is required to have
Rescuer Endorsement
knowledge and skill sets pertaining to technically advanced
subject evacuation. These include but are not limited to
3. Terminology
advanced knots and rigging, functioning as a litter tender in a
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, see Termi-
high angle lowering or raising operation, and directing a team
nology F1773, Guide F1633, Classification F1993, Practice
in the rescue of a subject suspended in a high angle environ-
F2047, and other references within this guide.
ment.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and
2
Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Training and Education. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published August 2012. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
F2955-12. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2955 − 12
3.2 Except where noted, this document shall use terminol- and procedures. An endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer shall complete
ogy as found in Guides F2752 and F2954. all activities based on an analysis of risk versus be
...

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1.4 No knots, rope, litter, or other rescue skills are required of a Land Search Team Leader.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a dog crew or team to perform an area search.  
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1.5 Area search dog crews or teams must work under qualified supervision deemed appropriate by the AHJ.  
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1.7.1 Kind A (Wilderness),  
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1.7.6 Kind I (Avalanche),  
1.7.7 Kind K (Aircraft), and  
1.7.8 Kind L (Unclassified).  
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4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. It can, however, be used to develop, or as part of, a training document or program.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order, and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.9 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or other means specified by the AHJ.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training for Land SAR Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.2 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader is responsible for direct supervision, general leadership, wellness, and safety of multiple SAR teams and resources operating on all land and water environments, including intertidal areas, but not oceans or swiftwater.  
1.3 Type I-IV teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C (mountainous/alpine), Kind D (disaster/collapse), Kind E (inland water), Kind G (cave), Kind H (mine), Kind I (avalanche), Kind J (evidence/cadaver), Kind K (aircraft), and/or Kind L (unclassified). See Classification F1993.  
1.4 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader may work in remote areas including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.5 Further training may be required depending on the regulations or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3145-15(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician Basic

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum requirements for training SWFT-Basic personnel. A person trained to this guide is considered to be a SWFT-Basic.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a SWFT-Basic shall have met the requirements or equivalent of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by the individuals and Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs) that wish to identify the minimum training required for SWFT-Basic. No advanced skills are included or implied.  
4.4 This guide was developed specifically for use in the United States, but may be used in other countries as needed.  
4.5 This guide should be used in conjunction with established and authorized guidelines and procedures mandated by the AHJ.  
4.6 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.7 The AHJ shall determine that personnel, agencies, and organizations are qualified and authorized to participate in swiftwater/flood search and rescue operations.  
4.8 The AHJ shall determine the evaluation process used to assess the extent to which the requirements of this guide are met.  
4.9 Swiftwater personnel should only perform activities in the swiftwater environment after a thorough risk assessment and appropriate risk mitigation efforts (such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), restricting efforts to shore-based techniques, or delaying a recovery until more favorable water conditions exist) have been performed. At the very least, personnel should follow the appropriate national, federal, state, tribal, provincial, and local safety standards as they apply to activities in swiftwater environments. SWFT-Basic personnel should be supervised by a Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician-Intermediate (SWFT-Intermediate) or Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician-Advanced (SWFT-Advanced) for in-water rescue operations. Shore-based rescue does not necessarily require SWFT-Intermediate or SWFT-Advanced supervision, but any rescue requires appro...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the areas of expertise that Search and Rescue (SAR) Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician Basic (SWFT-Basic) personnel shall demonstrate in order to perform in, on, or around a swiftwater environment.  
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide defines the recommended training required to prepare SWFT-Basic personnel, or equivalent, for responding to or conducting shore-based swiftwater and flood rescue operations.  
1.1.2 This guide establishes the general areas of expertise that SWFT-Basic personnel shall demonstrate. This guide does not cover specialized types of swiftwater/flood SAR, such as helicopter and boat-based rescues.  
1.1.3 This guide also establishes the minimum training requirements.  
1.2 This is the entry-level position for swiftwater/flood responders.  
1.3 SWFT-Basic personnel shall be able to recognize, reduce, eliminate, or mitigate, within the scope of their training, the hazards and risks in a swiftwater or flood situation or environment and be able to request appropriate additional resources.  
1.4 This guide identifies types of rescues, tactics, and systems that are typically used by SWFT-Basic personnel, such as shore-based rescues using talking, reaching, throwing, and wading methods.  
1.5 SWFT-Basic personnel who have met the minimum qualifications and experience within this guide are capable of performing shore-based rescues and assisting with in-water rescues from the shore under qualified supervision.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3048-13(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Swiftwater/Flood Search and Rescue Operations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a framework within which swiftwater/flood SAR operations shall be conducted.  
4.2 Every person, agency, and organization that responds to, or participates in, swiftwater/flood SAR operations should operate within the framework established by this guide.  
4.3 This guide and the framework it establishes should be used in conjunction with established and authorized guidelines and procedures mandated by an AHJ.  
4.4 The AHJ shall determine which personnel, agencies, and/or organizations are qualified and authorized to participate in swiftwater/flood SAR operations.  
4.5 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJ that wish to perform swiftwater/flood SAR operations as part of the NIMS/ICS.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to safely and effectively perform swiftwater/flood SAR operations.  
4.7 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess the extent to which the requirements of this standard are met.  
4.8 Because operations in the swiftwater/flood environment are inherently dangerous, and individuals involved are frequently required to perform rigorous activities in adverse conditions, regional and national safety standards should be included in agency policies and procedures.  
4.9 Swiftwater/flood personnel should only perform activities in the swiftwater environment after a thorough risk assessment and appropriate risk mitigation efforts (for example, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), restricting efforts to shore-based techniques, delaying a recovery until more favorable water conditions exist, etc.) have been performed, or at the very least, should follow the appropriate federal, state, tribal, provincial, and local safety standards as they apply to activities in swiftwater environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes a framework within which swiftwater/flood Search and Rescue (SAR) operations shall be conducted as part of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)/Incident Command System (ICS).  
1.2 The requirements of this guide shall apply to individuals, agencies, and organizations that respond to swiftwater/flood SAR operations, including those not regulated by government mandates.  
1.3 This document does not define the specific training required for personnel involved in swiftwater/flood SAR operations. Refer to local, state, federal, public, and private swiftwater rescue certification and operations courses that satisfy the existing authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) requirements.  
1.4 This guide includes references more common to the United States of America, but may be adapted for use elsewhere.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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