ASTM B637-23
(Specification)Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service
Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service
ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Nov-2023
- Technical Committee
- B02 - Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
- Drafting Committee
- B02.07 - Refined Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2022
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2023
- Referred By
ASTM F1276-23 - Standard Test Method for Creep Relaxation of Laminated Composite Gasket Materials - Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2023
- Referred By
ASTM F1511-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Mechanical Seals for Shipboard Pump Applications - Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2023
Overview
ASTM B637-23 is the standard specification developed by ASTM International for precipitation-hardening and cold worked nickel alloy bars, forgings, and forging stock. These materials are engineered for moderate or high-temperature service, making them essential in demanding industrial applications such as aerospace, power generation, and chemical processing. The standard establishes strict requirements on chemical composition, heat treatment, mechanical performance, and product quality, ensuring reliability and safety in critical environments.
Key Topics
- Material Scope: Covers hot- or cold-worked nickel alloy rods, bars, forgings, and forging stock, specifically developed for use in temperatures ranging from moderate to high extremes.
- Chemical Composition: Detailed limits are set for elements including carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, niobium (columbium), tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. These ensure desired mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties.
- Heat Treatment Methods: Specifies recommended annealing, solution treatment, stabilizing, and precipitation hardening treatments, all tailored to maximize performance based on alloy type and intended use.
- Mechanical Property Requirements: Establishes minimum standards for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and hardness (Brinell and Rockwell C). Stress-rupture requirements are also listed for select alloys.
- Dimensional Tolerances: Permissible variations in diameter and length for both hot- and cold-worked products ensure consistency in installation and operation.
- Sampling and Testing: Prescribes requirements for lot definition, sample selection, and number of tests for verification of chemical and mechanical properties according to referenced ASTM test methods.
Applications
ASTM B637-23-compliant nickel alloy products are vital wherever components must maintain high mechanical strength, resistance to corrosion, and stability at elevated temperatures. Typical applications include:
- Aerospace Components: Shafts, fasteners, and structural parts in turbines and engines.
- Power Generation: Gas turbine disks and blades, heat exchanger tubing, and associated hardware.
- Petrochemical Processing: Pump shafts, valve stems, fittings, and fasteners exposed to aggressive, high-temperature environments.
- Industrial Gas Turbines: Forged disks, rings, and bars used in hot sections.
- General High-Temperature Machinery: Any equipment part requiring long-term mechanical integrity in harsh conditions.
ASTM B637-23 provides high standards for alloys such as UNS N07718, N07750, N07752, N07500, and others, each with specific traits suited to different industrial demands.
Related Standards
Several ASTM standards are referenced and related to the proper application and verification of ASTM B637-23 material:
- ASTM B880: General requirements for chemical check analysis limits for nickel and cobalt alloys.
- ASTM B899: Terminology relating to non-ferrous metals and alloys.
- ASTM E8/E8M: Tension testing methods for metallic materials.
- ASTM E29: Practices for rounding significant digits to determine conformance.
- ASTM E139: Creep, creep-rupture, and stress-rupture testing procedures for metallic materials.
- ASTM E140: Hardness conversion tables among Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, and other scales.
- ASTM E1473: Test methods for chemical analysis of nickel, cobalt, and high-temperature alloys.
Practical Value
Compliance with ASTM B637-23 ensures manufacturers and end-users receive nickel alloy products with rigorous performance, uniformity, and safety standards. Its detailed guidance on chemical composition, mechanical criteria, and processing translates directly into greater reliability, reduced downtime, and improved efficiency for systems operating in extreme conditions. As a widely recognized standard in high-stakes industries, adherence to ASTM B637-23 is often a specification in procurement documentation for projects where component failure is not an option.
Keywords: ASTM B637-23, nickel alloy bar, forging stock, precipitation-hardened, cold worked nickel alloys, high temperature service, chemical composition, mechanical properties, heat treatment, aerospace alloys, industrial standards, quality assurance.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM B637-23 is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness. SCOPE 1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1). 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness. SCOPE 1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1). 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM B637-23 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 77.150.40 - Nickel and chromium products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM B637-23 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM B637-18, ASTM E8/E8M-24, ASTM E8/E8M-22, ASTM A1014/A1014M-16(2021), ASTM F1508-96(2021), ASTM B670-07(2018), ASTM F1276-23, ASTM F1511-18(2023), ASTM F1370-92(2019)e1, ASTM F38-18, ASTM F2281-04(2017). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM B637-23 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B637 − 23
Standard Specification for
Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars,
Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High
Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B637; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys and
2 Cobalt Alloys
1.1 This specification covers hot- and cold-worked
B899 Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals and Al-
precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and
loys
forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
1).
terials
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Determine Conformance with Specifications
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,
and are not considered standard.
and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar
Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-
with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate scope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided
E1473 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel,
by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys
and environmental practices, and determine the applicability
3. Terminology
of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Definitions:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
to Terminology B899.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Ordering Information
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
2. Referenced Documents
specification. Examples of such requirements include, but are
not limited to, the following:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.1 Alloy (Table 1).
B880 Specification for General Requirements for Chemical
4.1.2 Condition (temper or cold worked) (Tables 2 and 3
and 6.1).
4.1.3 Shape—Rod or bar (round, rectangle, square,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on
hexagon, octagon).
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B02.07 on Refined Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys.
4.1.3.1 Forging (sketch or drawing).
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
4.1.4 Dimensions, including length.
approved in 1970. Last previous edition addition approved in 2018 as B637 – 18.
4.1.5 Quantity (mass or number of pieces).
DOI: 10.1520/B0637-23.
4.1.6 Forging Stock—Specify if material is stock for reforg-
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-
cation SB-637 in Section II of that Code.
ing.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.1.7 Finish.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1.8 Samples for Product (Check) Analysis—Whether
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. samples for product (check) analysis shall be furnished (9.2).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B637 − 23
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Element Composition Limits, %
UNS UNS UNS UNS UNS UNS UNS UNS
N07022 N07208 N07252 N07001 N07500 N07740 N07750 N07718
Carbon 0.010 0.04–0.08 0.10–0.20 0.03–0.10 0.15 0.005–0.08 0.08 0.08
Manganese 0.5 0.3 0.50 1.00 0.75 1.00 1.00 0.35
Silicon 0.08 0.15 0.50 0.75 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.35
Phosphorus 0.025 0.015 0.015 0.030 0.015 0.030 . 0.015
Sulfur 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.030 0.015 0.030 0.01 0.015
Chromium 20.0–21.4 18.5–20.5 18.00–20.00 18.00–21.00 15.00–20.00 23.50–25.50 14.00–17.00 17.0–21.0
B B
Cobalt 1.0 9.0–11.0 9.00–11.00 12.00–15.00 13.00–20.00 15.00–22.00 1.00 1.0
Molybdenum 15.5–17.4 8.0–9.0 9.00–10.50 3.50–5.00 3.00–5.00 2.00 . 2.80–3.30
D
Niobium . . . . . . 0.70–1.20 4.75–5.50
+ Tantalum
Titanium . 1.90–2.30 2.25–2.75 2.75–3.25 2.50–3.25 0.50–2.50 2.25–2.75 0.65–1.15
Aluminum 0.5 1.38–1.65 0.75–1.25 1.20–1.60 2.50–3.25 0.20–2.00 0.40–1.00 0.20–0.80
Zirconium . 0.020 . 0.02–0.12 . . . .
Boron 0.006 0.003–0.010 0.003–0.01 0.003–0.01 0.003–0.01 0.0008–0.006 . 0.006
B
Iron 1.8 1.5 5.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 5.00–9.00 rem
Copper 0.5 0.1 . 0.50 0.15 0.50 0.50 0.30
B B C B B B
Nickel rem rem rem rem rem rem 70.00 min 50.0–55.0
Tantalum 0.2 0.1 max . . . . . .
Columbium . . . . 0.50–2.50 . .
0.2
(Niobium)
Tungsten 0.8 0.5 . . . . . .
UNS N07080 UNS N07752 UNS N09925 UNS N07725
Carbon 0.10 0.020–0.060 0.03 0.03
Manganese 1.00 1.00 1.0 0.35
Silicon 1.00 0.50 0.5 0.20
Phosphorus . 0.008 0.03 0.015
Sulfur 0.015 0.003 0.03 0.010
Chromium 18.00–21.00 14.50–17.00 19.5–22.5 19.00–22.50
Cobalt . 0.050 . .
Molybdenum . . 2.5–3.5 7.00–9.50
D
Niobium . 0.70–1.20 0.5 (Nb only) 2.75–4.00
(Nb) +
Tantalum
Titanium 1.80–2.70 2.25–2.75 1.9–2.40 1.00–1.70
Aluminum 0.50–1.80 0.40–1.00 0.1–0.5 0.35
Boron . 0.007 . .
C
Iron 3.00 5.00–9.00 22.0 min rem
Copper . 0.50 1.5–3.0 .
Zirconium . 0.050 . .
Vanadium . 0.10 . .
C
Nickel rem 70.0 min 42.0–46.0 55.0–59.0
A
Values in the table are maximums, unless a range or a minimum is indicated.
B
If determined.
C
Iron or nickel shall be determined arithmetically by difference, “rem” means remainder.
D
Columbium and Niobium are interchangeable names for the same element and both names are acceptable for use in B02.07 specifications.
4.1.9 Purchaser Inspection—If the purchaser wishes to Table 3, and the stress rupture requirements of Table 4 (except
witness tests or inspection of material at the place of alloys UNS N07022, N09925 and N07725), following the
manufacture, the purchase order must so state indicating which precipitation hardening treatment described in Table 2.
tests or inspections are to be witnessed (Section 13).
6.3 When the material is to be supplied in the cold worked
or solution treated plus aged condition, the requirements of
5. Chemical Composition
Table 3 and Table 4 (except alloys UNS N07022, N09925 and
5.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
N07725) shall apply, with the precipitation hardening treat-
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
ment of Table 2, or as agreed upon between the purchaser and
the manufacturer as part of the purchase contract.
5.2 If a product (check) analysis is performed by the
purchaser, the material shall conform to the product (check)
analysis variations prescribed in Specification B880. 7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
7.1 Diameter, Thickness, or Width—The permissible varia-
6. Mechanical Properties
tions from the specified dimensions of cold-worked rod and bar
6.1 Unless otherwise specified, the material shall be sup-
shall be as prescribed in Table 5, and of hot-worked rod and bar
plied in the cold worked or solution treated condition, suitable
as prescribed in Table 6.
for subsequent age hardening.
7.1.1 Out of Round—Cold-worked and hot-worked rod, all
6.2 The cold worked or solution treated material shall be sizes, in straight lengths, shall not be out-of-round by more
capable of meeting the mechanical property requirements of than one half the total permissible variations in diameter shown
B637 − 23
A
TABLE 2 Heat Treatment
Recommended Recommended Solution Recommended Stabilizing Precipitation Hardening
Alloy
Annealing Treatment Treatment Treatment Treatment
B
N07022 Type 1A or 1B . 1800 °F to 2100 °F .
(982 °C to 1149 °C), hold
⁄2 h/in.,
5 minutes minimum,
rapid air cool or
water quench
C
N07022 Type 2 . 1800 °F to 2100 °F . 1125 °F ± 25 °F (605 °C ±
B
(982 °C to 1149 °C), hold 14 °C), hold 10 h, air cool
⁄2 h/in.,
5 minutes minimum,
rapid air cool or
water quench
N07022 Type 3 . 1800 °F to 2100 °F . 1300 °F ± 25 °F (705 °C ±
(982 °C to 1149 °C), hold 14 °C), hold 16 h, furnace
⁄2 h/in., cool to 1125 °F ± 25 °F
5 minutes minimum, (605 °C ± 14 °C), hold 32 h,
rapid air cool or air cool
water quench
N07208 . 2000 °F to 2125 °F . 1850 °F ± 25 °F (1010 °C
(1093 °C to 1163 °C), hold ±14 °C), hold 2 h, air cool,
⁄2 h/in., followed by 1450 °F ± 25 °F
5 minutes to 10 minutes (788 °C ± 14 °C), hold 8 h,
minimum, air cool
water quench or
rapid air cool
N07252 . 1950 °F ± 25 °F (1066 °C . 1400 °F ± 25 °F (760 °C ±
± 14 °C), hold 4 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 15 h, air cool or
furnace cool
N07001 . 1825 °F to 1900 °F 1550 °F ± 25 °F (843 °C ± 1400 °F ± 25 °F (760 °C ±
(996 °C to 1038 °C), hold 14 °C), hold 4 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 16 h, air cool or
4 h, oil or water quench furnace cool
N07500 2150 °F ± 25 °F 1975 °F ± 25 °F (1080 °C 1550 °F ± 25 °F (843 °C ± 1400 °F ± 25 °F (760 °C ±
(1177 °C ± 14 °C), hold ± 14 °C), hold 4 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 24 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 16 h, air cool or
2 h, air cool (bars only) furnace cool
N07740 . 2012 °F to 2192 °F . 1400 °F to 1500 °F (760 °C
(1100 °C to 1200 °C) hold to 815 °C), hold 4 h minimum
⁄2 hr ⁄in. 5 minutes for up to 2 in. thickness +
minimum, water quench or additional ⁄2 h per each
rapid air/gas cool additional in. of thickness, air
cool
N07750 Type 1 . 2100 °F ± 25 °F (1149 °C 1550 °F ± 25 °F (843 °C ± 1300 °F ± 25 °F (704 °C ±
(Service above ± 14 °C), hold 2 h to 4 h, 14 °C), hold 24 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 20 h, air cool or
1100 °F) (593 °C) air cool furnace cool
N07750 Type 2 . 1800 °F ± 25 °F (982 °C ± . 1350 °F ± 25 °F (732 °C ±
(Service up to 14 °C), hold ⁄2 h min, cool 14 °C), hold 8 h, furnace cool
1100 °F) (593 °C) at rate equivalent to air to 1150 °F ± 25 °F (62 1 °C ±
cool or faster 14 °C), hold until total
precipitation heat treatment
has reached 18 h, air cool
N07750 Type 3 . 1975 °F to 2050 °F . 1300 °F ± 25 °F (704 °C ±
(1079 °C to 1121 °C), hold 14 °C), hold 20 h, + 4 − 0 h,
1 h to 2 h, air cool air cool
N07752 Type 1 . 1975 °F ± 25 °F (1080 °C . 1320 °F ± 25 °F (715 °C ±
± 14 °C), hold 1 h to 2 h, 14 °C), hold 20 h, +2, −0 h,
cool by water or oil air cool
quenching
N07752 Type 2 . 1975 °F ± 25 °F (1080 °C . 1400 °F ± 25 °F (760 °C ±
± 14 °C), hold 1 h to 2 h, 14 °C), hold 100 h, +4, −0 h,
cool by water or oil air cool
quenching
B637 − 23
TABLE 2 Continued
Recommended Recommended Solution Recommended Stabilizing Precipitation Hardening
Alloy
Annealing Treatment Treatment Treatment Treatment
N07718 . 1700 °F to 1850 °F . 1325 °F ± 25 °F (718 °C ±
(924 °C to 1010 °C), hold 14 °C), hold at temperature
⁄2 h min, cool at rate for 8 h, furnace cool to
equivalent to air cool or 1150 °F ± 25 °F (621 °C ±
faster 14 °C), hold until total
precipitation heat treatment
time has reached 18 h, air
cool
N07080 . 1950 °F ± 25 °F (1066 °C 1560 °F ± 25 °F (849 °C ± 1290 °F ± 25 °F (699 °C ±
± 14 °C), hold 8 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 24 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 16 h, air cool
N07725 . 1900 °F ± 25 °F (1038 °C . 1350 °F ± 25 °F (732 °C ±
± 14 °C), hold ⁄2 min, 14 °C), hold at temperature
and 4 h max, cool at rate for 5 h to 8 ⁄2 h, furnace cool
equivalent to air cool to 1150 °F ± 25 °F (621 °C ±
14 °C), hold at
temperature for 5 h to 8 ⁄2
h, air cool or faster
N09925 . 1825 °F to 1875 °F . 1365 °F ± 25 °F (740 °C ±
(996 °C to 1024 °C), hold 14 °C), hold at temperature
⁄2 min, and 4 h max, cool for 6 hr to 9 hr, furnace cool
at rate equivalent to air to 1150 °F ± 25 °F (621 °C ±
cool or faster 14 °C), hold until total
precipitation heat treatment
time has reached 18 h, air
cool or faster
A
The purchaser shall designate on the purchase order or inquiry any partial stage of heat treatment required on material to be shipped.
B
For solution treated + cold worked material only, when specified.
C
For solution treated + cold worked + precipitation hardened material only, when specified.
in Table 5 and Table 6, except for hot-worked rod ⁄2 in. (12.7 9.1.2 Mechanical Properties—A lot for tension, hardness,
mm) and under, which may be out-of-round by the total and stress-rupture testing shall consist of all material from the
permissible variations in diameter shown in Table 6. same heat, nominal diameter or thickness, or forging size, and
7.1.2 Corners—Cold-worked bar shall have practically ex- condition (temper).
act angles and sharp corners.
9.1.2.1 For forging stock, a lot shall cons
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B637 − 18 B637 − 23
Standard Specification for
Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars,
Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High
Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B637; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for
moderate or high temperature service (Table 1).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet
(SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental
practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B880 Specification for General Requirements for Chemical Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys and Cobalt Alloys
B899 Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals and Alloys
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness,
Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Scleroscope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
E1473 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B02.07 on Refined
Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2018December 2023. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition addition approved in
20162018 as B637B637 – 18. –16. DOI: 10.1520/B0637-18.10.1520/B0637-23.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SB-637 in Section II of that Code.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B637 − 23
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Element Composition Limits, %
UNS UNS UNS UNS UNS
UNS UNS N07252 N07001 N07500 UNS N07750 N07718
N07022 N07208 (Formerly (Formerly (Formerly N07740 (Formerly (Formerly
Grade 689) Grade 685) Grade 684) Grade 688) Grade 718)
Carbon 0.010 max 0.04–0.08 0.10–0.20 0.03–0.10 0.15 max 0.005–0.08 0.08 max 0.08 max
Carbon 0.010 0.04–0.08 0.10–0.20 0.03–0.10 0.15 0.005–0.08 0.08 0.08
Manganese 0.5 max 0.3 max 0.50 max 1.00 max 0.75 max 1.00 max 1.00 max 0.35 max
Manganese 0.5 0.3 0.50 1.00 0.75 1.00 1.00 0.35
Silicon 0.08 max 0.15 max 0.50 max 0.75 max 0.75 max 1.00 max 0.50 max 0.35 max
Silicon 0.08 0.15 0.50 0.75 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.35
Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.030 max 0.015 max 0.030 max . 0.015 max
Phosphorus 0.025 0.015 0.015 0.030 0.015 0.030 . 0.015
Sulfur 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.030 max 0.015 max 0.030 max 0.01 max 0.015 max
Sulfur 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.030 0.015 0.030 0.01 0.015
Chromium 20.0–21.4 18.5–20.5 18.00–20.00 18.00–21.00 15.00–20.00 23.50–25.50 14.00–17.00 17.0–21.0
A A
Cobalt 1.0 max 9.0–11.0 9.00–11.00 12.00–15.00 13.00–20.00 15.00–22.00 1.00max 1.0max
B B
Cobalt 1.0 9.0–11.0 9.00–11.00 12.00–15.00 13.00–20.00 15.00–22.00 1.00 1.0
Molybdenum 15.5–17.4 8.0–9.0 9.00–10.50 3.50–5.00 3.00–5.00 2.00 max . 2.80–3.30
Molybdenum 15.5–17.4 8.0–9.0 9.00–10.50 3.50–5.00 3.00–5.00 2.00 . 2.80–3.30
Columbium . . . . . . 0.70–1.20 4.75–5.50
(Nb) + tantalum
D
Niobium . . . . . . 0.70–1.20 4.75–5.50
+ Tantalum
Titanium . 1.90–2.30 2.25–2.75 2.75–3.25 2.50–3.25 0.50–2.50 2.25–2.75 0.65–1.15
Aluminum 0.5 max 1.38–1.65 0.75–1.25 1.20–1.60 2.50–3.25 0.20–2.00 0.40–1.00 0.20–0.80
Aluminum 0.5 1.38–1.65 0.75–1.25 1.20–1.60 2.50–3.25 0.20–2.00 0.40–1.00 0.20–0.80
Zirconium . 0.020 max . 0.02–0.12 . . . .
Zirconium . 0.020 . 0.02–0.12 . . . .
Boron 0.006 max 0.003–0.010 0.003–0.01 0.003–0.01 0.003–0.01 0.0008–0.006 . 0.006 max
Boron 0.006 0.003–0.010 0.003–0.01 0.003–0.01 0.003–0.01 0.0008–0.006 . 0.006
B
Iron 1.8 max 1.5 max 5.00 max 2.00 max 4.00 max 3.00 max 5.00–9.00 remainder
B
Iron 1.8 1.5 5.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 5.00–9.00 rem
Copper 0.5 max 0.1 max . 0.50 max 0.15 max 0.50 max 0.50 max 0.30 max
Copper 0.5 0.1 . 0.50 0.15 0.50 0.50 0.30
B B B B B B
Nickel remainder remainder remainder remainder remainder remainder 70.00 min 50.0–55.0
B B C B B B
Nickel rem rem rem rem rem rem 70.00 min 50.0–55.0
Tantalum 0.2 max 0.1 max . . . . . .
Tantalum 0.2 0.1 max . . . . . .
Columbium . . . . 0.50–2.50 . .
0.2 max
(Niobium)
Columbium . . . . 0.50–2.50 . .
0.2
(Niobium)
Tungsten 0.8 max 0.5 max . . . . . .
Tungsten 0.8 0.5 . . . . . .
UNS N07080
(Formerly UNS N07752 UNS N09925 UNS N07725
Grade 80A)
UNS N07080
UNS N07752 UNS N09925 UNS N07725
Carbon 0.10 max 0.020–0.060 0.03 max 0.03 max
Carbon 0.10 0.020–0.060 0.03 0.03
Manganese 1.00 max 1.00 max 1.0 max 0.35 max
Manganese 1.00 1.00 1.0 0.35
Silicon 1.00 max 0.50 max 0.5 max 0.20 max
Silicon 1.00 0.50 0.5 0.20
Phosphorus . 0.008 max 0.03 max 0.015 max
Phosphorus . 0.008 0.03 0.015
Sulfur 0.015 max 0.003 max 0.03 max 0.010 max
Sulfur 0.015 0.003 0.03 0.010
Chromium 18.00–21.00 14.50–17.00 19.5–22.5 19.00–22.50
Cobalt . 0.050 max . .
Cobalt . 0.050 . .
Molybdenum . . 2.5–3.5 7.00–9.50
Columbium . 0.70–1.20 0.5 max (Nb only) 2.75–4.00
(Nb) + tantalum
D
Niobium . 0.70–1.20 0.5 (Nb only) 2.75–4.00
(Nb) +
Tantalum
Titanium 1.80–2.70 2.25–2.75 1.9–2.40 1.00–1.70
Aluminum 0.50–1.80 0.40–1.00 0.1–0.5 0.35 max
Aluminum 0.50–1.80 0.40–1.00 0.1–0.5 0.35
Boron . 0.007 max . .
Boron . 0.007 . .
B
Iron 3.00 max 5.00–9.00 22.0 min remainder
C
Iron 3.00 5.00–9.00 22.0 min rem
B637 − 23
Element Composition Limits, %
UNS UNS UNS UNS UNS
UNS UNS N07252 N07001 N07500 UNS N07750 N07718
N07022 N07208 (Formerly (Formerly (Formerly N07740 (Formerly (Formerly
Grade 689) Grade 685) Grade 684) Grade 688) Grade 718)
Copper . 0.50 max 1.5–3.0 .
Copper . 0.50 1.5–3.0 .
Zirconium . 0.050 max . .
Zirconium . 0.050 . .
Vanadium . 0.10 max . .
Vanadium . 0.10 . .
B
Nickel remainder 70.0 min 42.0–46.0 55.0–59.0
C
Nickel rem 70.0 min 42.0–46.0 55.0–59.0
A
If determined. Values in the table are maximums, unless a range or a minimum is indicated.
B
If determined.
C
The element Iron or nickel shall be determined arithmetically by difference.difference, “rem” means remainder.
D
Columbium and Niobium are interchangeable names for the same element and both names are acceptable for use in B02.07 specifications.
3.1.1 bar, n—material of rectangular (flats), hexagonal, octagonal, or square solid section in straight lengths.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology B899.
3.1.2 rod, n—material of round solid section furnished in straight lengths.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
specification. Examples of such requirements include, but are not limited to, the following:
4.1.1 Alloy (Table 1).
4.1.2 Condition (temper or cold worked) (Tables 2 and 3 and 6.1).
4.1.3 Shape—Rod or bar (round, rectangle, square, hexagon, octagon).
4.1.3.1 Forging (sketch or drawing).
4.1.4 Dimensions, including length.
4.1.5 Quantity (mass or number of pieces).
4.1.6 Forging Stock—Specify if material is stock for reforging.
4.1.7 Finish.
4.1.8 Certification—State if certification is required (Section 15).
4.1.8 Samples for Product (Check) Analysis—Whether samples for product (check) analysis shall be furnished (9.2).
4.1.9 Purchaser Inspection—If the purchaser wishes to witness tests or inspection of material at the place of manufacture, the
purchase order must so state indicating which tests or inspections are to be witnessed (Section 13).
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
5.2 If a product (check) analysis is performed by the purchaser, the material shall conform to the product (check) analysis
variations prescribed in Specification B880.
B637 − 23
A
TABLE 2 Heat Treatment
Recommended Recommended Solution Recommended Stabilizing Precipitation Hardening
Alloy
Annealing Treatment Treatment Treatment Treatment
B
N07022 Type 1A or 1B . 1800 to 2100°F (982 to .
1149°C), hold ⁄2 h/in.,
5 minutes minimum,
rapid air cool or
water quench
B
N07022 Type 1A or 1B . 1800 °F to 2100 °F .
(982 °C to 1149 °C), hold
⁄2 h/in.,
5 minutes minimum,
rapid air cool or
water quench
C
N07022 Type 2 . 1800 to 2100°F (982 to . 1125 ± 25°F (605 ± 14°C),
B
1149°C),hold ⁄2 h/in., hold 10 h, air cool
5 minutes minimum,
rapid air cool or
water quench
C
N07022 Type 2 . 1800 °F to 2100 °F . 1125 °F ± 25 °F (605 °C ±
B
(982 °C to 1149 °C), hold 14 °C), hold 10 h, air cool
⁄2 h/in.,
5 minutes minimum,
rapid air cool or
water quench
N07022 Type 3 . 1800 to 2100°F (982 to . 1300 ± 25°F (705 ± 14°C),
1149°C), hold ⁄2 h/in., hold 16 h, furnace cool to
5 minutes minimum, 1125 ± 25°F (605 ± 14°C),
rapid air cool or hold 32 h, air cool
water quench
N07022 Type 3 . 1800 °F to 2100 °F . 1300 °F ± 25 °F (705 °C ±
(982 °C to 1149 °C), hold 14 °C), hold 16 h, furnace
⁄2 h/in., cool to 1125 °F ± 25 °F
5 minutes minimum, (605 °C ± 14 °C), hold 32 h,
rapid air cool or air cool
water quench
N07208 . 2000 to 2125°F (1093 to . 1850 ± 25°F (1010 ±14°C),
1163°C), hold ⁄2 h/in., hold 2 h, air cool, followed by
5 to 10 minutes minimum, 1450 ± 25°F (788 ± 14°C),
water quench or hold 8 h, air cool
rapid air cool
N07208 . 2000 °F to 2125 °F . 1850 °F ± 25 °F (1010 °C
(1093 °C to 1163 °C), hold ±14 °C), hold 2 h, air cool,
⁄2 h/in., followed by 1450 °F ± 25 °F
5 minutes to 10 minutes (788 °C ± 14 °C), hold 8 h,
minimum, air cool
water quench or
rapid air cool
N07252 . 1950 ± 25°F (1066 ± . 1400 ± 25°F (760 ± 14°C),
14°C), hold 4 h, air cool hold 15 h, air cool or furnace
cool
N07252 . 1950 °F ± 25 °F (1066 °C . 1400 °F ± 25 °F (760 °C ±
± 14 °C), hold 4 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 15 h, air cool or
furnace cool
N07001 . 1825 to 1900°F (996 to 1550 ± 25°F (843 ± 14°C), 1400 ± 25°F (760 ± 14°C),
1038°C), hold 4 h, oil or hold 4 h, air cool hold 16 h, air cool or furnace
water quench cool
N07001 . 1825 °F to 1900 °F 1550 °F ± 25 °F (843 °C ± 1400 °F ± 25 °F (760 °C ±
(996 °C to 1038 °C), hold 14 °C), hold 4 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 16 h, air cool or
4 h, oil or water quench furnace cool
N07500 2150 ± 25°F (1177 ± 1975 ± 25°F (1080 ± 1550 ± 25°F (843 ± 14°C), 1400 ± 25°F (760 ± 14°C),
14°C), hold 2 h, air cool 14°C), hold 4 h, air cool hold 24 h, air cool hold 16 h, air cool or furnace
(bars only) cool
N07500 2150 °F ± 25 °F 1975 °F ± 25 °F (1080 °C 1550 °F ± 25 °F (843 °C ± 1400 °F ± 25 °F (760 °C ±
(1177 °C ± 14 °C), hold ± 14 °C), hold 4 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 24 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 16 h, air cool or
2 h, air cool (bars only) furnace cool
B637 − 23
TABLE 2 Continued
Recommended Recommended Solution Recommended Stabilizing Precipitation Hardening
Alloy
Annealing Treatment Treatment Treatment Treatment
N07740 . 2010°F (1100°C) . 1400 to 1500°F (760 to
minimum, hold 1 h per in. 815°C), hold 4 h minimum for
of thickness with ⁄2 h up to 2 in. thickness +
minimim hold, water additional ⁄2 h per each
quench or rapid air cool additional in. of thickness, air
cool
N07740 . 2012 °F to 2192 °F . 1400 °F to 1500 °F (760 °C
(1100 °C to 1200 °C) hold to 815 °C), hold 4 h minimum
⁄2 hr ⁄in. 5 minutes for up to 2 in. thickness +
minimum, water quench or additional ⁄2 h per each
rapid air/gas cool additional in. of thickness, air
cool
N07750 Type 1 . 2100 ± 25°F (1149 ± 1550 ± 25°F (843 ± 14°C), 1300 ± 25°F (704 ± 14°C),
(Service above 14°C), hold 2 to 4 h, air hold 24 h, air cool hold 20 h, air cool or furnace
1100°F) (593°C) cool cool
N07750 Type 1 . 2100 °F ± 25 °F (1149 °C 1550 °F ± 25 °F (843 °C ± 1300 °F ± 25 °F (704 °C ±
(Service above ± 14 °C), hold 2 h to 4 h, 14 °C), hold 24 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 20 h, air cool or
1100 °F) (593 °C) air cool furnace cool
N07750 Type 2 . 1800 ± 25°F (982 ± . 1350 ± 25°F (732 ± 14°C),
(Service up to 14°C), hold ⁄2 h min, cool hold 8 h, furnace cool to
1100°F) (593°C) at rate equivalent to air 1150 ± 25°F (62 1 ± 14°C),
cool or faster hold until total precipitation
heat treatment has reached
18 h, air cool
N07750 Type 2 . 1800 °F ± 25 °F (982 °C ± . 1350 °F ± 25 °F (732 °C ±
(Service up to 14 °C), hold ⁄2 h min, cool 14 °C), hold 8 h, furnace cool
1100 °F) (593 °C) at rate equivalent to air to 1150 °F ± 25 °F (62 1 °C ±
cool or faster 14 °C), hold until total
precipitation heat treatment
has reached 18 h, air cool
N07750 Type 3 . 1975 – 2050°F (1079 – . 1300 ± 25°F (704 ± 14°C),
1121°C), hold 1 to 2 h, air hold 20 h, + 4 − 0 h, air cool
cool
N07750 Type 3 . 1975 °F to 2050 °F . 1300 °F ± 25 °F (704 °C ±
(1079 °C to 1121 °C), hold 14 °C), hold 20 h, + 4 − 0 h,
1 h to 2 h, air cool air cool
N07752 Type 1 . 1975 ± 25°F (1080 ± . 1320 ± 25°F (715 ± 14°C),
14°C), hold 1 to 2 h, cool hold 20 h, +2, −0 h, air cool
by water or oil quenching
N07752 Type 1 . 1975 °F ± 25 °F (1080 °C . 1320 °F ± 25 °F (715 °C ±
± 14 °C), hold 1 h to 2 h, 14 °C), hold 20 h, +2, −0 h,
cool by water or oil air cool
quenching
N07752 Type 2 . 1975 ± 25°F (1080 ± . 1400 ± 25°F (760 ± 14°C),
14°C), hold 1 to 2 h, cool hold 100 h, +4, −0 h, air cool
by water or oil quenching
N07752 Type 2 . 1975 °F ± 25 °F (1080 °C . 1400 °F ± 25 °F (760 °C ±
± 14 °C), hold 1 h to 2 h, 14 °C), hold 100 h, +4, −0 h,
cool by water or oil air cool
quenching
N07718 . 1700 to 1850°F (924 to . 1325 ± 25°F (718 ± 14°C),
1010°C), hold ⁄2 h min, hold at temperature for 8 h,
cool at rate equivalent to furnace cool to 1150 ±
air cool or faster 25°F (621 ± 14°C), hold until
total precipitation heat
treatment time has reached
18 h, air cool
N07718 . 1700 °F to 1850 °F . 1325 °F ± 25 °F (718 °C ±
(924 °C to 1010 °C), hold 14 °C), hold at temperature
⁄2 h min, cool at rate for 8 h, furnace cool to
equivalent to air cool or 1150 °F ± 25 °F (621 °C ±
faster 14 °C), hold until total
precipitation heat treatment
time has reached 18 h, air
cool
N07080 . 1950 ± 25°F (1066 ± 1560 ± 25°F (849 ± 14°C), 1290 ± 25°F (699 ± 14°C),
14°C), hold 8 h, air cool hold 24 h, air cool hold 16 h, air cool
B637 − 23
TABLE 2 Continued
Recommended Recommended Solution Recommended Stabilizing Precipitation Hardening
Alloy
Annealing Treatment Treatment Treatment Treatment
N07080 . 1950 °F ± 25 °F (1066 °C 1560 °F ± 25 °F (849 °C ± 1290 °F ± 25 °F (699 °C ±
± 14 °C), hold 8 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 24 h, air cool 14 °C), hold 16 h, air cool
N07725 . 1900 ± 25°F (1038 ± . 1350 ± 25°F (732 ±
14°C), hold ⁄2 min, and 4 14°C), hold at temperature
h max, cool at rate for 5 to 8 ⁄2 h, furnace cool
equivalent to air cool to 1150 ± 25°F (621 ± 14°C),
hold at temperature for 5 to
8 ⁄2 h, air cool or faster
N07725 . 1900 °F ± 25 °F (1038 °C . 1350 °F ± 25 °F (732 °C ±
± 14 °C), hold ⁄2 min, 14 °C), hold at temperature
and 4 h max, cool at rate for 5 h to 8 ⁄2 h, furnace cool
equivalent to air cool to 1150 °F ± 25 °F (621 °C ±
14 °C), hold at
temperature for 5 h to 8 ⁄2
h, air cool or faster
N09925 . 1825 to 1875°F (996 to . 1365 ± 25°F (740 ±
1024°C), hold ⁄2 min, and 14°C), hold at temperature
4 h max, cool at rate for 6 to 9 hr, fu
...
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