ASTM D6330-98(2003)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D 6330 – 98 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Practice for
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (Excluding
Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based Panels Using
Small Environmental Chambers Under Defined Test
Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6330; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope under the standard test condition. These data can be used
directly to compare the emission characteristics of different
1.1 The practice measures the volatile organic compounds
products and to estimate the emission rates up to one month
(VOC), excluding formaldehyde, emitted from manufactured
after the production. They shall not be used to predict the
wood-basedpanels.Apre-screeninganalysisisusedtoidentify
emission rates over longer periods of time (that is, more than
the VOCs emitted from the panel. Emission factors (that is,
one month) or under different environmental conditions.
emission rates per unit surface area) for the VOCs of interest
1.5 Emission data from chamber tests can be used for
arethendeterminedbymeasuringtheconcentrationsinasmall
predicting the impact of wood-based panels on the VOC
environmental test chamber containing a specimen. The test
concentrations in buildings by using an appropriate indoor air
chamber is ventilated at a constant air change rate under the
quality model, which is beyond the scope of this practice.
standard environmental conditions. For formaldehyde determi-
1.6 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the
nation, see Test Method D 6007.
standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10).
1.2 This practice describes a test method that is specific to
1.7 This practice does not purport to address all of the
the measurement of VOC emissions from newly manufactured
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
individual wood-based panels, such as particleboard, plywood,
responsibility of the user of the standard to consult and
and oriented strand board (OSB), for the purpose of comparing
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
the emission characteristics of different products under the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
standard test condition. For general guidance on conducting
For specified hazard statements see Section 6.
small environmental chamber tests, see Guide D 5116.
1.3 VOC concentrations in the environmental test chamber
2. Referenced Documents
are determined by adsorption on an appropriate single adsor-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bent tube or multi-adsorbent tube, followed by thermal desorp-
D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
tionandcombinedgaschromatograph/massspectrometry(GC/
Atmospheres
MS) or gas chromatograph/flame ionization detection (GC/
D 1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating
FID). The air sampling procedure and the analytical method
to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
recommended in this practice are generally valid for the
D 5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-
identificationandquantificationofVOCswithsaturationvapor
terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/
pressure between 500 and 0.01 kPa at 25°C, depending on the
Products
selection of adsorbent(s).
D 6007 Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Con-
NOTE 1—VOCs being captured by an adsorbent tube depend on the
centrations in Air from Wood Products Using a Small
adsorbent(s) and sampling procedure selected (see Practice D 6196). The
Scale Chamber
user should have a thorough understanding of the limitations of each
D 6196 Practice for Selection of Sorbents, Sampling, and
adsorbent used.
Thermal Desorption Analysis Procedures for Volatile Or-
1.4 The emission factors determined using the above pro-
ganic Compounds in Air
cedure describe the emission characteristics of the specimen
E 355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Rela-
tionships
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Sampling
and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D22.05 on Indoor Air.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
CurrenteditionapprovedOctober1,2003.PublishedNovember2003.Originally
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 6330 - 98.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 6330 – 98 (2003)
E 741 Test Method for DeterminingAir Change in a Single and other chromatographic parameters, and the type of GC
Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution detector. One way to report TVOC values is recommended in
8.2.7.6.
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 American National Standard for Use of
the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric 3.2.8 wood-based panel test specimen—a specimen of a
panel cut from an original wood-based panel sample, such as
System
2.2 Other Standard: particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), or plywood.
EPA TO-17 Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds
4. Significance and Use
in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling Onto Sorbent
4.1 The effects of VOC sources on the indoor air quality in
Tubes, Compendium of Methods for the Determination of
buildings have not been well established. One basic require-
Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air
ment that has emerged from indoor air quality studies is the
need for well-characterized test data on the emission factors of
3. Terminology
VOCs from building materials. Standard test method and
3.1 Definitions—For definitions and terms that are com-
procedure are a requirement for the comparison of emission
monly used, refer to Terminology D 1356 and Practice E 355.
factor data from different products.
For definitions and terms related to test methods using small-
4.2 This practice describes a procedure for using a small
scale environmental chamber, refer to Guide D 5116. For an
environmental test chamber to determine the emission factors
explanation of units, symbols, and conversion factors, refer to
of VOCs from wood-based panels over a specified period of
Practice D 1914.
time. A pre-screening analysis procedure is also provided to
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
identify the VOCs emitted from the products, to determine the
3.2.1 environmental enclosure—a container or space in
appropriate GC/MS or GC/FID analytical procedure, and to
which the environmental test chamber(s) is placed. The enclo-
estimate required sampling volume for the subsequent envi-
sure has controlled temperature and relative humidity.
ronmental chamber testing.
2 3
3.2.2 loading ratio (m /m )—the total exposed surface area
4.3 Test results obtained using this practice provide a basis
of each test specimen divided by the net air volume of the
for comparing the VOC emission characteristics of different
environmental test chamber.
wood-based panel products. The emission data can be used to
3.2.3 nominal time constant (t )—the time required to
n
inform manufacturers of the VOC emissions from their prod-
obtainoneairchangeintheenvironmentaltestchamber,which
ucts. The data can also be used to identify building materials
is equal to the inverse of the air change rate.
with reduced VOC emissions over the time interval of the test.
3.2.4 pre-screening analysis—a procedure for identifying
4.4 While emission factors determined by using this prac-
theVOCs emitted from a test specimen.The results are used to
tice can be used to compare different products, the concentra-
determine the appropriate GC/MS or GC/FID analytical
tions measured in the chamber shall not be considered as the
method for subsequent dynamic chamber tests.
resultant concentrations in an actual indoor environment.
3.2.5 standard environmental test chamber condition—a
5. Apparatus
test condition of temperature at 23 6 0.5°C, relative humidity
(RH) at 50 6 5 %, air change rate per hour in the chamber at
5.1 This practice requires the use of an environmental
1 6 0.03 ACH, and chamber loading ratio at 0.40 6 0.01
chamber test system, an air sample collection system, and a
2 3
m /m .
chemicalanalysissystem.Ageneralguideforconductingsmall
3.2.5.1 Discussion—The VOC emission rates for wood-
environmental chamber tests is provided in Guide D 5116.The
based panel products are generally controlled by VOC diffu-
following paragraphs describe the requirements that are spe-
sions within the material. The airflow condition (air velocity
cific to this practice:
and turbulence) over the test specimen has minimal effect on
5.2 Environmental Chamber Testing System—The system
the emission rates; therefore, it is not specified in the standard
shall include an environmental test chamber, an environmental
test condition.
enclosure, equipment for supplying clean and conditioned air
3.2.6 tracer gas—a gaseous compound that is neither emit-
to the chamber, and outlet fittings for sampling the air
tedbythewood-basedpanelnorpresentinthesupplyairtothe
exhausted from the chamber. Fig. 1 illustrates an example of
chamber. It can be used to determine the mixing characteristics such systems. All materials and components in contact with
of the environmental test chamber, and it provides a cross-
panel specimen or air stream from the chamber inlet to sample
check of the air change rate measurements. collection point shall be chemically inert and accessible for
3.2.7 TVOC—total concentration of all the individual vola-
cleaning. Suitable materials include stainless steel and glass.
tile organic compounds (VOC) captured from air by a given All gaskets and flexible components shall be made from
sorbent, or a given combination of several sorbents, thermally
chemically inert materials.
desorbed into and eluted from a given gas chromatographic 5.2.1 Environmental Test Chamber—The chamber should
system and measured by a given detector. For VOC definition,
have a volume of 0.05 m with the interior dimensions of 0.5
see Terminology D 1356. by 0.4 by 0.25-m high. A chamber with a different size and
3.2.7.1 Discussion—The measured value of TVOC will shapemayalsobeusedifthesamestandardenvironmentaltest
depend on the collection and desorption efficiency of the chamber conditions (see 3.2.6) can be maintained. The cham-
sorbent trap, the efficiency of transfer to the GC column, the ber shall include a supply air system having an inlet port with
type and size of the GC column, the GC temperature program distributed openings to assist mixing between the supply air
D 6330 – 98 (2003)
NOTE 1—The chamber assembly should be contained in an environmental enclosure to maintain the required temperature.
FIG. 1 Schematic of an Example Small Chamber Test System
and chamber air and an outlet port with distributed exhaust example, a personal computer cooling fan) in the chamber; (2)
openings to ensure that concentration measured at the chamber operate the chamber under the standard test condition and turn
exhaust is the average concentration in the chamber. The
on the mixing fan; (3) inject a small amount (a pulse) of an
chamber criteria are as follows:
inert tracer gas (for example, SF ) into the chamber directly or
5.2.1.1 Air-Tightness of the Chamber—The nominal air
by means of the supply air; (4) allow 5 min for the gas to mix
leakage rate of the chamber shall be less than 1 % of the air
with the chamber air; (5) turn off the mixing fan and record the
change rate used for the emission test at 10 Pa.Air-tightness is
time as t = 0; and (6) measure the concentrations of the tracer
measured as follows: (1) seal the outlet of the chamber; (2)
gas at the exhaust of the chamber at the following time points:
supply air to the chamber through the inlet and adjust the
t = 0, 0.25 t , 0.5 t , 1.0 t , 1.5 t , and 2.0 t , where t is the
n n n n n n
airflow rate so that the pressure difference between the inside
nominaltimeconstantandisequalto1.0hforthestandardtest
and outside of the chamber is maintained at 10 6 1 Pa, which
condition. The measured concentrations are compared to the
ismeasuredbyapressuretransducerwithaminimumspecified
values given by the following theoretical equation under the
accuracy of 61 Pa; and (3) measure the airflow rate. The rate
perfect mixing condition (in which the concentrations mea-
is the nominal leakage rate of the chamber.
sured at the exhaust are the same as those in the chamber):
5.2.1.2 Air Mixing in the Chamber—Adequateairmixingin
–Nt
C 5 C e (1)
the chamber shall be achieved to ensure that concentrations ~t! 0
measured at the chamber exhaust are representative of those in
where:
the chamber. This may be determined by using the following
C = initial concentration at t=0, µg/m ,
tracer gas decay method: (1) place a small mixing fan (for
D 6330 – 98 (2003)
holder shall be designed to minimize the emissions from edges
C = concentration at time t, µg/m ,
(t)
–1
and non-testing surface of the specimen. A design example is
N = air change rate, h , and
t = time from the start of the air purging, h. shown in Fig. 2.
The maximum difference between the measured and calcu-
5.2.1.4 Sink Effect—Thechamberandspecimenholdershall
lated theoretical valuesshallbewithin 65 %ofthetheoretical
have minimum sink effect. The recovery factor determined by
value. The above mixing test shall be conducted with a
the following procedure shall be higher than 95 % for decane:
simulated test specimen placed in the chamber.
(1) seal the supply inlet and exhaust of the chamber; (2) inject
5 µg of vaporized decane into the chamber; (3) take an air
NOTE 2—The above test method is a simplified version of the decay
method described in Guide D 5116. Alternatively, the method of deter- sample from the chamber exhaust at 5 min after the injection,
mining adequate air mixing described in Guide D 5116 may also be used
andrecordthisconcentrationastheinitialconcentrationC and
to check the mixing condition in the chamber.
the time as t=0;(4)at t = 0, begin purging the air through the
5.2.1.3 Sample Specimen Holder—A sample specimen chamber at t = 0 under standard test conditions; (5) take air
holder shall be used to hold the test specimen so that only the samples from the chamber exhaust at the following times after
test surface of the specimen is exposed to the chamber air. The the start of purging: t1 = 0.
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