ASTM F1702-10(2018)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1702 − 10 (Reapproved 2018) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Impact-Attenuation Characteristics of Natural
Playing Surface Systems Using a Lightweight Portable
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1702; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method is used to determine the impact-
D5874 Test Methods for Determination of the Impact Value
attenuation characteristics of natural turfgrass and soil playing
(IV) of a Soil
surfacesystemswithalightweightportableapparatus.Thistest
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
method can be used to compare the impact attenuation char-
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
acteristics of natural playing surface systems, as well as
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
assessing the effects of management practices on the impact
Lot or Process
attenuationcharacteristics.Thistestmethodalsocanbeusedto
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
assess the compactibility of natural playing surfaces by record-
ASTM Test Methods
ing g-max values or penetration of successive impacts, or both.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.2 This test method provides a procedure for assessing
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
impact attenuation characteristics in the field, on both actual
F355 TestMethodforImpactAttenuationofPlayingSurface
playing surfaces and research plots. Numerical data will not be
Systems, Other Protective Sport Systems, and Materials
comparable to data obtained using a different missile mass or
Used for Athletics, Recreation and Play
geometry, different drop height, or different standard method,
F1936 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Turf Playing
for example, Test Method F1936.
Systems as Measured in the Field
F2650 Terminology Relating to Impact Testing of Sports
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Surfaces and Equipment
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
F2651 Terminology Relating to Soil and Turfgrass Charac-
only.
teristics of Natural Playing Surfaces
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions—Except as noted, definitions in this stan-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
dard are in accordance with Terminologies F2650 and F2651.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Summary of Test Method
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 A 2.25-kg missile is dropped from a specific height,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
through a guide tube, onto a playing surface. A linear acceler-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ometer mounted on the missile monitors the acceleration and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
time history of the impact. The maximum acceleration during
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the impact (relative to gravity) is recorded and reported as
g-max. Reporting the time history of the impact is optional.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.64 on Natural Playing Surfaces. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F1702 – 10. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F1702-10R18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1702 − 10 (2018)
Depth of penetration from successive drops may also be the peak acceleration (g-max). Commercially available devices
recorded optionally as an indication of soil compactibility. have a band width of 7 kHz.
NOTE 1—This test method is based on an impact tester developed by
7. Test Unit
Clegg (1,2). See Test Method D5874. Such impact testers are commer-
ciallyavailable.CommerciallyavailableCleggImpactSoilTestersdisplay
7.1 The test unit will be either:
results in impact value units, where one impact value equals 10 g-max
7.1.1 An area of a playing surface system that has had
units (Test Method D5874), and typically do not display tenths of an
similar use and that has similar surface-system characteristics
impact value unit. For use in this standard, the display should be altered
by the manufacturer or authorized personnel to indicate tenths of an (for example, age, vegetation density, wear, soil moisture
impact value or 1 g-max unit. Also, other suitable recording equipment
content) within its limits, or
can be used to obtain resolution to 1 g-max. A 4.5-kg missile has been
7.1.2 An experimental area (plot) subjected to uniform
used to evaluate road base surfaces (1,2). A 0.5-kg poly(vinyl chloride)
treatment(s) that may or may not affect impact characteristics.
missile has been utilized to relate field surfaces to ball bounce (3-6),
player response (7), and performance including injury potential (8).
7.2 A test unit on a playing surface system should not
exceed approximately 1 m .
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The g-max values obtained by these procedures are
8. Number of Test Units
indicative of the impact attenuation characteristics of playing
8.1 Similar areas of use, wear, etc., may be used to replicate
surfaces used for sports such as American football, soccer,
test units on playing surfaces.
baseball, lacrosse, rugby, etc. Optional time history data can be
8.2 To characterize adequately the surface variability on a
used to further describe these properties.
natural surface of a sports field, areas having different levels of
6. Apparatus use, wear, soil compaction, vegetative cover, etc., should be
evaluated. If possible, replicate each type of use area.
6.1 Missile—Construct the 2.25 6 0.05-kg missile from
metal with a hardened steel impacting surface that is flat and 8.3 Use a minimum of three test units (replications) in
round with a 5.0 6 0.1-cm diameter and a rounded or beveled
research experiments.
edge of 0.5 to 1.0 mm. Include a T-shaped handle or other
8.4 Due to the variable nature of natural surfaces, measure
appropriate means for lifting the missile prior to dropping.The
and average at least four locations within a test unit to obtain
handle and accelerometer (rated at not less than 5000 g)
atestresult.Toobtainaspecificqualityassurancelevel,follow
constitute a portion of the missile mass. The missile should be
the sampling procedures of Practices E105 and E122.
marked around the circumference to obtain a reference point to
the guide tube top, which will indicate drop height.
9. Procedure
6.2 Guide Tube—Construct the vented guide tube from pipe
9.1 Operate and calibrate all recording equipment as recom-
having a smooth inside surface and a nominal inside diameter
mended by the manufacturer. Periodically, at least prior to and
of 5.4 cm (2.125 in.), such as not to restrict a free fall of the
after each series of impact tests, check the instrumentation
missile. The length of the pipe typically is approximately 61
output by dropping the missile on a standard surface, for
cm (24 in.). A bull’s eye level shall be attached to the guide
example, a stable synthetic material placed on a rigid concrete
tube to ensure that the tube is held in a vertical position during
or metal surface.
measurement. Constructing a circular end flange on the base of
9.2 Placetheguidetubeontheplayingsurfaceandmaintain
the tube helps to improve stability during measurement. The
in a vertical position during the drop.
bottom flange shall be milled so that it rests only on its
perimeter and vented either with a hole or holes located
9.3 Lift the missile to obtain a drop height of 45.7 6 0.3 cm
through the flange top surface or by means of a hole or holes
(18.0 6 0.1 in.) and an approximate impact velocity of 2.85
on the side of the guide tube just above the flange, or both, to
m/s (9). A mechanical stop may be attached to the top of the
allow for the escape of air under the compression of the falling
guide tube to aid in achieving the exact drop height.
missile.
9.4 Release the missile and record the g-max value. Lifting
6.3 Recording Equipment—Follow the criteria below when
the missile to an exact height and then releasing it freely is
using recording equipment:
possible with trained and experienced operators; however, a
6.3.1 g-max—Ensure that the recording system is capable of
mechanical holding/releasing mechanism is recommended to
measuring impacts of up to a g-max of 1000, as measured by
insure proper height and release with less-experienced opera-
an accelerometer mounted on the missile.
tors. Such a mechanism should not influence the impact
6.3.2 Acceleration-Time—The acceleration-time history
velocity to a greater extent than
...