ASTM D5748-95(2019)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5748 − 95 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Protrusion Puncture Resistance of Stretch Wrap Film
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5748; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of a stretch
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for packaging and dis-
wrap film to the penetration of a probe at a standard low rate,
tributions environments are found in Terminology D996.
asingletestvelocity.Performedatstandardconditions,thetest
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
methodimpartsabiaxialstressthatisrepresentativeofthetype
3.2.1 break force—force achieved at break.
of stress encountered in many product end-use applications.
The maximum force, force at break, penetration distance, and
3.2.2 energy—work to break.
energy to break are determined.
3.2.3 maximum force—greatest force achieved.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.4 penetration distance—depth probe traveled in pen-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
etrating film specimen, from initial probe contact with film
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
specimen, to penetration at break.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.5 protrusion puncture resistance—theabilityofaplastic
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
film to withstand the force exerted by a protrusion.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.6 thickness (caliper, gage)—the perpendicular distance
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
between the opposite surfaces of a plastic film.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Puncture resistance is very important in end-use perfor-
2. Referenced Documents
2 mance of stretch wrap film used in consumer and industrial
2.1 ASTM Standards:
product applications. Puncture resistance is a measure of the
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
energy-absorbing ability of a stretch wrap film in resisting a
D996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
protrusion. The test method is designed to provide the user
ments
with a means of measuring the stretch wrap film’s puncture
D1898Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
resistance performance under essentially biaxial deformation
D2103Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting
conditions. A biaxial stress is representative of the type of
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
stress encountered by stretch wrap products in many end-use
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Lot or Process applications.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
4.2 Although this test method cannot be expected to dupli-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
cate all field experiences, since the rate of speed, weight, and
configuration of such destructive forces vary widely, a gener-
1 allyreliablecomparisonofsamplesmaybemadefromthedata
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and
obtained.
Molded Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
5. Apparatus
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5748–95 (2012).
DOI: 10.1520/D5748-95R19.
2 5.1 Universal Testing Apparatus.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 Integrator and Chart Recorder.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 5.3 Appropriate Load Cell—The test may be performed
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. using compression or tension load cell.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5748 − 95 (2019)
5.4 Probe—A0.75 in. (19 mm) diameter pear-shaped TFE-
fluorocarboncoatedprobe (Fig.1),forgeneralapplicationand
standard comparison of plastic films and interlaboratory re-
sults.
5.5 Specimen Clamping Fixture (Fig. 2).
5.6 Micrometre, conforming to Specification D2103.
5.7 Template, 6 by 6 in. (150 by 150 mm).
5.8 Specimen Cutter.
6. Sampling
6.1 Acceptance Sampling—Sampling shall be in accordance
with Practice D1898.
6.2 Sampling for Other Purposes—The sampling and the
numberoftestspecimensdependonthepurposeofthetesting.
Practice E122 is recommended.Test specimens are taken from
several rolls of film, and where possible, from several produc-
tion runs of film. Strong conclusions about a specific property
of a film cannot be based on a single roll of film.
7. Number of Test Specimens
7.1 Test a minimum of five specimens for each sample.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 For specific instruction in setting up and operating the
apparatus, consult the operations manual.
8.2 Install probe apparatus (Fig. 2).
8.3 Center the probe (Fig. 1) over the specimen clamping
fixture (Fig. 2).
The probe is coated with duPont 954-101 Teflon S a thickness of 0.0015 in.
(0.0381 mm). Available from duPont.
NOTE 1—Measurements are in inches (millimetres).
FIG. 2 Clamp
9. Conditioning
9.1 Condition the test specimens at 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6
2°C) and 50 6 5% relative humidity for not less than 40 h
prior to testing in accordance with Procedure A of Practice
D618.
9.2 Conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of
23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5% relative humidity
unless otherwise specified in the test method.
10. Procedure
10.1 With the probe apparatus installed, calibrate the test
equipment following the manufacturer’s instructions.
10.2 Select an equipment load range so that specimen
puncture occurs within 20 to 80% of the same.
10.3 Using the template and specimen cutter, prepare a
minimum of five specimens from each sample.
10.4 Measure the caliper (average of three readings) in the
NOTE 1—Measurements are in inches (millimetres).
FIG. 1 Probe center of each specimen and record the average.
D5748 − 95 (2019)
10.5 Set universal tester crosshead speed at 10 in./min (250 where:
mm/min)andchartrecorderspeedat10in./min(250mm/min).
N = peak
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