iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E384-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials

Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hardness tests have been found to be very useful for materials evaluation, quality control of manufacturing processes and research and development efforts. Hardness, although empirical in nature, can be correlated to tensile strength for many metals and alloys, and is also an indicator of machinability, wear resistance, toughness and ductility.  
5.2 Microindentation tests are utilized to evaluate and quantify hardness variations that occur over a small distance. These variations may be intentional, such as produced by localized surface hardening, for example, from shot blasting, cold drawing, flame hardening, induction hardening, etc., or from processes such as carburization, nitriding, carbonitriding, etc.; or, they may be unintentional variations due to problems, such as decarburization, localized softening in service, or from compositional/microstructural segregation problems. Low test forces also extend hardness testing to materials too thin or too small for macroindentation tests. Microindentation tests permit hardness testing of specific phases or constituents and regions or gradients too small for evaluation by macroindentation tests.  
5.3 Because microindentation hardness tests will reveal hardness variations that commonly exist within most materials, a single test value may not be representative of the bulk hardness. Vickers tests at 1000 gf can be utilized for determination of the bulk hardness, but, as for any hardness test, it is recommended that a number of indents are made and the average and standard deviation are calculated, as needed or as required.  
5.4 Microindentation hardness testing is generally performed to quantify variations in hardness that occur over small distances. To determine these differences requires a very small physical indentation. Testers that create indents at very low test forces must be carefully constructed to accurately apply the test forces exactly at the desired location and must have a high-quality optical syste...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the microindentation hardness of materials.  
1.2 This test method covers microindentation tests made with Knoop and Vickers indenters under test forces in the range from 9.8 × 10-3 to 9.8 N (1 to 1000 gf).  
1.3 This test method includes an analysis of the possible sources of errors that can occur during microindentation testing and how these factors affect the precision, bias, repeatability, and reproducibility of test results.  
1.4 Information pertaining to the requirements for direct verification and calibration of the testing machine and the requirements for the manufacture and calibration of Vickers and Knoop reference hardness test blocks are in Test Method E92.
Note 1: While Committee E04 is primarily concerned with metals, the test procedures described are applicable to other materials.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2022
ICS
19.060 - Mechanical testing
Technical Committee
E04 - Metallography
Drafting Committee
E04.05 - Microindentation Hardness Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Buy Standard

ASTM E384-22 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of MaterialsASTM E384-22 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM E384-22 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
English language
40 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM E384-22 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of MaterialsREDLINE ASTM E384-22 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
PreviousNext
Standard
REDLINE ASTM E384-22 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
English language
40 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E384 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Microindentation Hardness of Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E384; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers determination of the microin-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dentation hardness of materials.
C1326Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of
Advanced Ceramics
1.2 This test method covers microindentation tests made
withKnoopandVickersindentersundertestforcesintherange C1327Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of
-3
from 9.8 × 10 to 9.8 N (1 to 1000 gf). Advanced Ceramics
E3Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
1.3 This test method includes an analysis of the possible
E7Terminology Relating to Metallography
sourcesoferrorsthatcanoccurduringmicroindentationtesting
E92Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hard-
and how these factors affect the precision, bias, repeatability,
ness of Metallic Materials
and reproducibility of test results.
E140Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship
1.4 Information pertaining to the requirements for direct
Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
verification and calibration of the testing machine and the
Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-
requirements for the manufacture and calibration of Vickers
scope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
and Knoop reference hardness test blocks are in Test Method
3
E175Terminology of Microscopy (Withdrawn 2019)
E92.
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
NOTE1—WhileCommitteeE04isprimarilyconcernedwithmetals,the
ASTM Test Methods
test procedures described are applicable to other materials.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
asstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthis
E766Practice for Calibrating the Magnification of a Scan-
standard.
ning Electron Microscope
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1268Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Orientation of Microstructures
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E2554Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncer-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
tainty of Test Results of a Test Method Using Control
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Chart Techniques
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
E2587Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Process Control
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E04 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Metallography and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E04.05 on Micro- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
indentation Hardness Testing. With this revision the test method was expanded to Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
include the requirements previously defined in E28.92, Standard Test Method for the ASTM website.
3
Vickers Hardness Testing of Metallic Material that was under the jurisdiction of The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
E28.06 www.astm.org.
4
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E384–17. DOI: la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
10.1520/E0384-22 www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E384 − 17 E384 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Microindentation Hardness of Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E384; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers determination of the microindentation hardness of materials.
1.2 This test method covers microindentation tests made with Knoop and Vickers indenters under test forces in the range from
-3
9.8 × 10 to 9.8 N (1 to 1000 gf).
1.3 This test method includes an analysis of the possible sources of errors that can occur during microindentation testing and how
these factors affect the precision, bias, repeatability, and reproducibility of test results.
1.4 Information pertaining to the requirements for direct verification and calibration of the testing machine and the requirements
for the manufacture and calibration of Vickers and Knoop reference hardness test blocks are in Test Method E92.
NOTE 1—While Committee E04 is primarily concerned with metals, the test procedures described are applicable to other materials.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1326 Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics
C1327 Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E04 on Metallography and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E04.05 on Microindentation
Hardness Testing. With this revision the test method was expanded to include the requirements previously defined in E28.92, Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness
Testing of Metallic Material that was under the jurisdiction of E28.06
Current edition approved June 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2022. Published August 2017November 2022. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 20162017
as E384 – 16.E384 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/E0384-1710.1520/E0384-22
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E384 − 22
E7 Terminology Relating to Metallography
E92 Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic Materials
E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness,
Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Scleroscope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
3
E175 Terminology of Microscopy (Withdrawn 2019)
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E766 Practice for Calibrating the Magnification of a Scanning Electron Microscope
E1268 Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding or Orientation of Microstructures
E2554 Practice for Estimating and Monitoring the Uncertainty of Test Results of a Test Method Using Control Chart Techniques
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical Process Control
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
3. Terminology
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E2658-15(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Verification of Speed for Material Testing Machines

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Material testing requires repeatable and predictable testing machine speed. The speed measuring devices integral to the testing machines may be used for measurement of crosshead speed over a defined range of operation. The accuracy of the speed value shall be traceable to a National or International Standards Laboratory. Practices E2658 provides procedures to verify testing machines, in order that the indicated speed values may be traceable. A key element to having traceability is that the devices used in the verification produce known speed characteristics, and have been calibrated in accordance with adequate calibration standards.  
4.2 Verification of testing machine speed at a minimum consists of either or both of the following options:  
4.2.1 Verifying the capability of the testing machine to move the crosshead at the speed selected.  
4.2.2 Verifying the capability of the testing machine to adequately indicate the speed of the crosshead.  
4.3 Where applicable, determine the testing machine's ramp-to-speed condition. This condition can be significant especially when verifying fast speeds or testing conditions with very short testing durations.  
4.4 This procedure will establish the relationship between the actual crosshead speed and the testing machine indicated speed and or selected setting. It is this relationship that will allow confidence in the reported displacement over time data acquired by the testing machine during use.
Note 1: Many material tests never reach the desired test speed. Unless the actual data from the material test is examined, it is often impossible to know if the test speed has been reached or is repeatable from test to test.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover procedures and requirements for the calibration and verification of testing machine speed by means of standard calibration devices. This practice is not intended to be complete purchase specifications for testing machines.  
1.2 These practices apply to the verification of the speed application and measuring systems associated with the testing machine, such as a scale, dial, marked or unmarked recorder chart, digital display, setting, etc. In all cases the buyer/owner/user must designate the speed-measuring system(s) to be verified.  
1.3 These practices give guidance, recommendations, and examples, specific to electro-mechanical testing machines. The practice may also be used to verify actuator speed for hydraulic testing machines.  
1.4 This standard cannot be used to verify cycle counting or frequency related to cyclic fatigue testing applications.  
1.5 Since conversion factors are not required in this practice, either SI units (mm/min), or English [in/min], can be used as the standard.  
1.6 Speed measurement values and or settings on displays/printouts of testing machine data systems-be they instantaneous, delayed, stored, or retransmitted-which are within the Classification criteria listed in Table 1, comply with Practices E2658.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6643-01(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Testing Wood-Base Panel Corner Impact Resistance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method determines the corner impact damage that could be used to measure the relative corner impact resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method shall be used to measure the relative corner impact resistance and other damage that may occur during the rough handling of wood-base panels or composite materials. This test method is suitable for all wood-base panels such as plywood, oriented strand board, hardboard, particleboard and medium density fiberboard as well as other composite panel products.  
1.2 This test method covers determination and evaluation of the effects of panels being dropped from various heights with a predetermined amount of dead load and angle of impact to simulate an equivalent field application.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM C1314-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Masonry Prisms

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means of verifying that masonry materials used in construction result in masonry that meets the specified compressive strength (Note 1).
Note 1: A prism is an assembly of components used to measure or verify a property (in this case, the specified compressive strength of masonry, f 'm). Testing of prisms may be part of a project’s field quality control or assurance program. In these cases, prisms are built as companions to a masonry element (for example, a masonry wall, column, pilaster, beam, or other element) at a jobsite where the masonry element is site-constructed, or within a factory or shop where the element is shop-built. These prisms are not intended to replicate or model the performance or design attributes of the as-built element. Prisms may also be fabricated in a laboratory for research purposes (Appendix X2). In each scenario (field or research) the test procedures are structured so that masonry assembly tested compressive strength (fmt) is measured in an accurate and repeatable manner.  
4.2 This test method provides a means of evaluating compressive strength characteristics of in-place masonry construction through testing of prisms obtained from that construction when sampled in accordance with Practice C1532/C1532M. Decisions made in preparing such field-removed prisms for testing, determining the net area, and interpreting the results of compression tests require professional judgment.  
4.3 If this test method is used as a guideline for performing research to determine the effects of various prism construction or test parameters on the compressive strength of masonry, deviations from this test method shall be reported. Such research prisms shall not be used to verify compliance with a specified compressive strength of masonry.
Note 2: The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.  
4.3.1 Appendix X2 includes guidance information for the researcher on...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for masonry prism construction and testing, and procedures for determining the tested compressive strength of masonry, fmt, used to determine compliance with the specified compressive strength of masonry,  f ′m. When this test method is used for research purposes, the construction and test procedures within serve as a guideline and provide control parameters.  
1.2 This test method also covers procedures for determining the compressive strength of prisms obtained from field-removed masonry specimens.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM G134-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to estimate the relative resistances of materials to cavitation erosion, as may be encountered for instance in pumps, hydraulic turbines, valves, hydraulic dynamometers and couplings, bearings, diesel engine cylinder liners, ship propellers, hydrofoils, internal flow passages, and various components of fluid power systems or fuel systems of diesel engines. It can also be used to compare erosion produced by different liquids under the conditions simulated by the test. Its general applications are similar to those of Test Method G32.  
5.2 In this test method cavitation is generated in a flowing system. Both the velocity of flow which causes the formation of cavities and the chamber pressure in which they collapse can be changed easily and independently, so it is possible to study the effects of various parameters separately. Cavitation conditions can be controlled easily and precisely. Furthermore, if tests are performed at constant cavitation number (σ), it is possible, by suitably altering the pressures, to accelerate or slow down the testing process (see 11.2 and Fig. A2.2).  
5.3 This test method with standard conditions should not be used to rank materials for applications where electrochemical corrosion or solid particle impingement plays a major role. However, it could be adapted to evaluate erosion-corrosion effects if the appropriate liquid and cavitation number, for the service conditions of interest, are used (see 11.1).  
5.4 For metallic materials, this test method could also be used as a screening test for applications subjected to high-speed liquid drop impingement, if the use of Practice G73 is not feasible. However, this is not recommended for elastomeric coatings, composites, or other nonmetallic aerospace materials.  
5.5 The mechanisms of cavitation erosion and liquid impingement erosion are not fully understood and may vary, depending on the detailed nature, scale, and intensity of the liquid/solid interaction...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a test that can be used to compare the cavitation erosion resistance of solid materials. A submerged cavitating jet, issuing from a nozzle, impinges on a test specimen placed in its path so that cavities collapse on it, thereby causing erosion. The test is carried out under specified conditions in a specified liquid, usually water. This test method can also be used to compare the cavitation erosion capability of various liquids.  
1.2 This test method specifies the nozzle and nozzle holder shape and size, the specimen size and its method of mounting, and the minimum test chamber size. Procedures are described for selecting the standoff distance and one of several standard test conditions. Deviation from some of these conditions is permitted where appropriate and if properly documented. Guidance is given on setting up a suitable apparatus, test and reporting procedures, and the precautions to be taken. Standard reference materials are specified; these must be used to verify the operation of the facility and to define the normalized erosion resistance of other materials.  
1.3 Two types of tests are encompassed, one using test liquids which can be run to waste, for example, tap water, and the other using liquids which must be recirculated, for example, reagent water or various oils. Slightly different test circuits are required for each type.  
1.4 This test method provides an alternative to Test Method G32. In that method, cavitation is induced by vibrating a submerged specimen at high frequency (20 kHz) with a specified amplitude. In the present method, cavitation is generated in a flowing system so that both the jet velocity and the downstream pressure (which causes the bubble collapse) can be varied independently.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to addres...

  • Standard
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1319-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for High-Temperature Static Strain Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The use of this guide is voluntary and is intended for use as a procedures guide for selection and application of specific types of strain gages for high-temperature installations. No attempt is made to restrict the type of strain gage types or concepts to be chosen by the user. The provisions of this guide may be invoked in specifications and procedures by specifying those that shall be considered mandatory for the purpose of the specific application. When so invoked, the user shall include in the work statement a notation that provisions of this guide shown as recommendation shall be considered mandatory for the purposes of the specification or procedure concerned, and shall include a statement of any exceptions to or modifications of the affected provisions of this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and application of strain gages for the measurement of static strain up to and including the temperature range from 425 °C to 650 °C (800 °F to 1200 °F). This guide reflects some state-of-the-art techniques in high-temperature strain measurement.  
1.2 This guide assumes that the user is familiar with the use of bonded strain gages and associated signal conditioning circuits and instrumentation as discussed in  (1)  and (2).2 The strain gage systems described are those that have proven effective in the temperature range of interest and were available at the time of issue of this guide. It is not the intent of this guide to limit the user to one of the strain gage types described nor is it the intent to specify the type of strain gage system to be used for a specific application. However, in using any strain gage system including those described, the proposer shall be able to demonstrate the capability of the proposed strain gage system to meet the selection criteria provided in Section 5 and the needs of the specific application.  
1.3 The devices and techniques described in this guide can sometimes be applicable at temperatures above and below the range noted, and for making dynamic strain measurements at high temperatures with proper precautions. The strain gage manufacturer should be consulted for recommendations and details of such applications.  
1.4 The references are a part of this guide to the extent specified in the text.  
1.5 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informational purposes only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E6-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to methods of mechanical testing of solids. The general definitions are restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make them particularly applicable and practicable for use in standards requiring or relating to mechanical tests. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.  
1.2 Terms relating to fatigue and fracture testing are defined in Terminology E1823.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1823-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology contains definitions, definitions of terms specific to certain standards, symbols, and abbreviations approved for use in standards on fatigue and fracture testing. The definitions are preceded by two lists. The first is an alphabetical listing of symbols used. (Greek symbols are listed in accordance with their spelling in English.) The second is an alphabetical listing of relevant abbreviations.  
1.2 This terminology includes Annex A1 on Units and Annex A2 on Designation Codes for Specimen Configuration, Applied Loading, and Crack or Notch Orientation.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    25 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    25 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E739-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Statistical Analysis of Linear or Linearized Stress-Life (S-N) and Strain-Life (ε-N) Fatigue Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Materials scientists and engineers are making increased use of statistical analyses in interpreting S-N  and ε-N  fatigue data. Statistical analysis applies when the given data can be reasonably assumed to be a random sample of (or representation of) some specific defined population or universe of material of interest (under specific test conditions), and it is desired either to characterize the material or to predict the performance of future random samples of the material (under similar test conditions), or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers only  S-N  and ε-N  relationships that may be reasonably approximated by a straight line (on appropriate coordinates) for a specific interval of stress or strain. It presents elementary procedures that presently reflect good practice in modeling and analysis. However, because the actual S-N  or ε-N  relationship is approximated by a straight line only within a specific interval of stress or strain, and because the actual fatigue life distribution is unknown, it is  not recommended  that (a) the S-N  or ε-N curve be extrapolated outside the interval of testing, or (b) the fatigue life at a specific stress or strain amplitude be estimated below approximately the fifth percentile (P ≃ 0.05). As alternative fatigue models and statistical analyses are continually being developed, later revisions of this guide may subsequently present analyses that permit more complete interpretation of  S-N  and ε-N  data.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E83-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems

ABSTRACT
This practice covers procedures for the verification and classification of extensometer systems, but it is not intended to be a complete purchase specification. The practice is applicable only to instruments that indicate or record values that are proportional to changes in length corresponding to either tensile or compressive strain. Extensometer systems are classified on the basis of the magnitude of their errors. The apparatus for verifying extensometer systems shall provide a means for applying controlled displacements to a simulated specimen and for measuring these displacements accurately. Extensometer systems shall be classified in accordance with the requirements as to maximum error of strain indicated: Class A; Class B-1; Class B-2; Class C; Class D; and Class E. Extensometer systems shall be categorized in three types according to gage length: Type 1; Type 2; and Type 3. A verification procedure for extensometer systems shall be done in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the verification and classification of extensometer systems, but it is not intended to be a complete purchase specification. The practice is applicable only to instruments that indicate or record values that are proportional to changes in length corresponding to either tensile or compressive strain. Extensometer systems are classified on the basis of the magnitude of their errors.  
1.2 Because strain is a dimensionless quantity, this document can be used for extensometers based on either SI or US customary units of displacement.  
Note 1: Bonded resistance strain gauges directly bonded to a specimen cannot be calibrated or verified with the apparatus described in this practice for the verification of extensometers having definite gauge points. (See procedures as described in Test Methods E251.)  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    16 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    16 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM G133-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to simulate the geometry and motions that are experienced in many types of rubbing components whose normal operation results in periodic reversals in the direction of relative sliding. The wear resulting from this mode of movement may differ from that experienced by the same materials sliding continuously in only one direction (unidirectional sliding, for example, using Test Method G99) even for comparable durations of contact. This is particularly true for liquid-lubricated tests where the reversal of motion means that the entrainment velocity transitions through zero but also in unlubricated tests in which stress reversal occurs. The normal load(s) and sliding speed(s) to be used during testing are to be determined by the severity of the proposed application or purpose of the testing. Either of two sets of testing conditions (designated Procedures A and B) may be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the sliding wear of ceramics, metals, and other candidate wear-resistant materials using a linear, reciprocating ball-on-flat plane geometry. The direction of the relative motion between sliding surfaces reverses in a periodic fashion such that the sliding occurs back and forth and in a straight line. The principal quantities of interest are the wear volumes of the contacting ball and flat specimen materials; however, the coefficient of kinetic friction may also be measured using the method described. This test method encompasses both unlubricated and lubricated testing procedures. The scope of this test method does not include testing in corrosive or chemically aggressive environments or extremes of temperature and humidity.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off