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ASTM F2849-10(2019)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Handling of Unmanned Aircraft Systems at Divert Airfields

Standard Practice for Handling of Unmanned Aircraft Systems at Divert Airfields

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is written to preclude damage or injury to property and personnel in the event of an unplanned landing by an unmanned aircraft at an airfield not equipped or trained to handle that type of aircraft and to prevent unintentional damage to the aircraft once it lands. It is intended for use by unmanned aircraft equipment designers, procedures developers, and ground personnel.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice identifies and describes equipage and procedures for safely handling unmanned aircraft forced to recover at alternate or diversionary airfields where personnel trained in recovering that type of aircraft may not be present. It is intended to apply to fixed-wing unmanned aircraft conducting non-visual line-of-sight operations. It is intended to establish common locations, labeling, and functions of equipment necessary to safely power down the aircraft without damaging it and common procedures for untrained personnel to follow to contact the owner of the aircraft. It addresses mission planning procedures, automated functions, and manual functions/handling procedures in the preflight, in-flight, and post-flight phases, respectively.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jan-2019
ICS
49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
Technical Committee
F38 - Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Drafting Committee
F38.02 - Flight Operations
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2849-10 - Standard Practice for Handling of Unmanned Aircraft Systems at Divert Airfields
Effective Date
01-Feb-2019
Refers
ASTM F2395-07 - Standard Terminology for Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems (Withdrawn 2014)
Effective Date
15-Apr-2007
Refers
ASTM F2395-05 - Standard Terminology for Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems
Effective Date
01-Jan-2005

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ASTM F2849-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Handling of Unmanned Aircraft Systems at Divert AirfieldsASTM F2849-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Handling of Unmanned Aircraft Systems at Divert Airfields
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ASTM F2849-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Handling of Unmanned Aircraft Systems at Divert Airfields
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2849 −10 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Handling of Unmanned Aircraft Systems at Divert Airfields
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2849; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope an unmanned aircraft at an airfield not equipped or trained to
handlethattypeofaircraftandtopreventunintentionaldamage
1.1 This practice identifies and describes equipage and
to the aircraft once it lands. It is intended for use by unmanned
procedures for safely handling unmanned aircraft forced to
aircraft equipment designers, procedures developers, and
recover at alternate or diversionary airfields where personnel
ground personnel.
trained in recovering that type of aircraft may not be present. It
is intended to apply to fixed-wing unmanned aircraft conduct-
4. Mission Planning Procedures
ing non-visual line-of-sight operations. It is intended to estab-
lish common locations, labeling, and functions of equipment
4.1 If mission requirements allow, alternate or divert air-
necessary to safely power down the aircraft without damaging
fields shall be planned within gliding distance of any point
it and common procedures for untrained personnel to follow to
along the planned route of flight. This is dependent upon a
contact the owner of the aircraft. It addresses mission planning
number of factors including—but not limited to—geographic
procedures, automated functions, and manual functions/
location of flight operations (for example, austere operating
handling procedures in the preflight, in-flight, and post-flight
environment or maritime operations with few available air-
phases, respectively.
fields)andmissionflightprofile.Ifmissionplanninganddivert
airfield accommodations are in conflict, mission requirements
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
shall take priority over divert airfield planning.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.2 Gliding distance is defined as aircraft altitude above
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ground level (absolute altitude minus 1000 ft for pattern
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
altitude)timesitslifttodragratio(L/D).Zerowind,allengines
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
out, and 50 % fuel onboard are assumed.Aircraft configuration
(for example, stores on wings) should be taken into account
2. Referenced Documents
when determining the L/D ratio to be used for a flight segment.
2.1 ASTM Standard:
4.3 Selected airfields shall be capable (for example, runway
F2395 Terminology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (With-
length, width, bearing strength) of accommodating recovery of
drawn 2014)
4 the aircraft in its planned configuration.
2.2 Other Standard:
ICAO Annex 1, Chapter 1
4.4 Contact information for the alternate airfields shall be
updated and made available to the pilot for use during flight.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This practice is written to preclude damage or injury to
5. Automated Functions
propertyandpersonnelintheeventofanunplannedlandingby
5.1 Ataminimum,theaircraftshallbeabletorecognizeand
report the condition of not being capable of maintaining level
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F38 on Unmanned
flightatitsmissionaltitudeoratareducedaltitude(thatis,sink
Aircraft Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F38.02 on Flight
rate at reduced or full power). This condition shall trigger the
Operations.
aircraft’s flight control computer to enter a “divert mode” (that
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2019. Published February 2019. Originally
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2849–10. DOI:
is, a subset of its contingency mode) of functioning. Excep-
10.1520/F2849–10R19.
tional conditions where a sink rate exists at full power under
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
normal operating conditions, for example, when encountering
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mountainwaveeffects,shouldalsoberecognizable.Theremay
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
be other contingencies such as environmental conditions,
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
system-specific issue, or other factors which trigger the divert
www.astm.org.
mode as well. This is only meant to describe a minimum level
Available from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 999 Robert-
Bourassa Boulevard, Mont
...

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4.1 The purpose of this standard practice is to provide the minimum requirements for the conduct of compliance audits.  
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Standard Practice for Independent Audit Program for Unmanned Aircraft Operators

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for remote identification (Remote ID) of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Remote ID allows governmental and civil identification of UAS for safety, security, and compliance purposes. The objective is to increase UAS remote pilot accountability by removing anonymity while preserving operational privacy for remote pilots, businesses, and their customers. Remote ID is an enabler of enhanced operations such as beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations as well as operations over people.  
1.2 This specification defines message formats, transmission methods, and minimum performance standards for two forms of Remote ID: broadcast and network. Broadcast Remote ID is based on the transmission of radio signals directly from a UAS to receivers in the UAS’s vicinity. Network Remote ID is based on communication by means of the internet from a network Remote ID service provider (Net-RID SP) that interfaces directly or indirectly with the UAS, or with other sources in the case of intent-based network participants.  
1.3 This specification addresses the communications and test requirements of broadcast or network Remote ID, or both, in UAS and Net-RID SP systems.  
1.4 Applicability:  
1.4.1 This specification is applicable to UAS that operate at very low level (VLL) airspace over diverse environments including but not limited to rural, urban, networked, network degraded, and network denied environments, regardless of airspace class.  
1.4.2 This specification neither purports to address UAS operating with approval to use ADS-B or secondary surveillance radar transponders, nor does it purport to solve ID needs of UAS for all operations.  
1.4.3 In particular, this specification does not purport to address identification needs for UAS that are not participating in Remote ID or operators that purposefully circumvent Remote ID.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Units of measurement included in this specification:    
m  
meters  
deg, °  
degrees of latitude and longitude, compass direction  
s  
seconds  
Hz  
Hertz (frequency)  
dBm  
decibel-milliwatts (radio frequency power)  
ppm  
parts per million (radio frequency variation)  
μs  
microseconds  
ms  
milliseconds  
1.6 Table of Contents:    
Title  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Remote ID and Network Interoperability Conceptual Overview  
4  
Performance Requirements  
5  
TEST METHODS  
Scope  
6  
Significance and Use  
7  
Hazards  
8  
Test Units  
9  
Procedure  
10  
Precision and Bias  
11  
Product Marking  
12  
Packaging and Package Marking  
13  
Keywords  
14  
ANNEX A1—Broadcast Authentication Verifier Service  
Annex A1  
ANNEX A2—Network Remote ID Interoperability Requirements, APIs, and Testing  
Annex A2  
ANNEX A3—Tables of Values  
Annex A3  
ANNEX A4—USS-DSS and USS-USS OpenAPI YAML Description  
Annex A4  
ANNEX A5—Number Registrar Management Policy  
Annex A5  
APPENDIX X1—Performance Characteristics  
Appendix X1  
APPENDIX X2—List of Subcommittee Participants and Contributors  
Appendix X2  
APPENDIX X3—Background Information  
Appendix X3  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 8 on Hazards.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the D...

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