ASTM D2425-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.
5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14 (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2425 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2425; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
with average carbon number value of paraffins between C
12
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and C and containing paraffins from C and C can be
16 10 18
analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These
2. Referenced Documents
include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes,
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
indans or tetralins, or both, C H (indenes, etc.),
n 2n-10
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
naphthalenes, C H (acenaphthenes, etc.),
n 2n-14
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-
C H (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.
n 2n-16
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
NOTE 1—This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrody-
D2549 Test Method for Separation of Representative Aro-
namics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters
matics and Nonaromatics Fractions of High-Boiling Oils
for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.
by Elution Chromatography
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Fuels, and Lubricants
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, some-
D6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydro-
times found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the
carbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum
characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false,
Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography
elevated cycloparaffin content.
Method with Refractive Index Detection
NOTE 2—“No significant olefin content” for this method means <2.0 %
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-
by volume by Test Method D1319.
ships
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.1 This test method makes reference to many common
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
gas chromatographic procedures and terms. Detailed defini-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- tions of these can be found in Practice E355 and Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D4175.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.04.0M on Mass Spectrometry. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published January 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D2425 – 21. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2425-23. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2425 − 21 D2425 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2425; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in
conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by
volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C and C and
12 16
containing paraffins from C and C can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins,
10 18
noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both,
C H (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, C H (acenaphthenes, etc.),
n 2n-10 n 2n-14
C H (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.
n 2n-16
NOTE 1—This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users
with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME
compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the
characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
NOTE 2—“No significant olefin content” for this method means <2.0 % by volume by Test Method D1319.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0M on Mass Spectrometry.
Current edition approved June 1, 2021Dec. 1, 2023. Published June 2021January 2024. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20192021 as
D2425 – 19.D2425 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/D2425-21.10.1520/D2425-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2425 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2549 Test Method for Separation of Representative Aromatics and Nonaromatics Fractions of High-Boiling Oils by Elution
Chromatography
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
Lubricants
D6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates—High
Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 This test method makes reference to many common gas chromatographic procedures and terms. Detailed defini
...
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