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ASTM E1232-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals

Standard Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which vapors in equilibrium with a liquid (or solid) chemical will be sufficiently concentrated to form flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure. This test method is written specifically for determination of the temperature limit of flammability of systems using air as the source of oxidant and diluent. It may also be used for other oxidant/diluent combinations, including air plus diluent mixtures; however, no oxidant/diluent combination stronger than air should be used. Also, no unstable chemical capable of explosive decomposition reactions should be tested (see 8.3).
1.2 This test method is designed and written to be run at local ambient pressure and is limited to a maximum initial pressure of 1 atm abs. It may also be used for reduced pressures with the practical lower pressure limit being approximately 13.3 kPa (100 mm Hg). The maximum practical operating temperature of this equipment is approximately 150°C (302°F) (Note A1.2).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions, and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 8.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2002
ICS
13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
71.100.01 - Products of the chemical industry in general
Technical Committee
E27 - Hazard Potential of Chemicals
Drafting Committee
E27.04 - Flammability and Ignitability of Chemicals
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1232-91(1996) - Standard Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Replaced By
ASTM E1232-07 - Standard Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007
Referred By
ASTM E1445-08(2015) - Standard Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Referred By
ASTM E502-21a - Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002

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ASTM E1232-02 - Standard Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of ChemicalsASTM E1232-02 - Standard Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals
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ASTM E1232-02 - Standard Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1232–02
Standard Test Method for
1
Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The temperature limit of flammability test measures the minimum temperature at which liquid (or
solid) chemicals evolve sufficient vapors to form a flammable mixture with air under equilibrium
conditions. This temperature is applicable for assessing flammability in large process vessels and
similar equipment (Appendixes Appendix X1 and Appendix X2).
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mini-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mum temperature at which vapors in equilibrium with a liquid
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(or solid) chemical will be sufficiently concentrated to form
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety
flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure. This test
precautions are given in Section 8.
methodiswrittenspecificallyfordeterminationofthetempera-
ture limit of flammability of systems using air as the source of
2. Referenced Documents
oxidant and diluent. It may also be used for other oxidant/
2.1 ASTM Standards:
diluent combinations, including air plus diluent mixtures;
2
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
however, no oxidant/diluent combination stronger than air
D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
should be used. Also, no unstable chemical capable of explo-
2
Open Cup
sive decomposition reactions should be tested (see 8.3).
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
1.2 This test method is designed and written to be run at
2
Closed Cup Tester
local ambient pressure and is limited to a maximum initial
D 1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of
pressureof1atmabs.Itmayalsobeusedforreducedpressures
3
Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
with the practical lower pressure limit being approximately
D 3278 Test Method for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
13.3 kPa (100 mm Hg). The maximum practical operating
3
Scale Closed Cup Apparatus
temperature of this equipment is approximately 150°C (302°F)
D 3828 Test Method for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
(Note A1.2).
4
Tester
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D 3934 Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test-Equilibrium
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are
3
Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
provided for information only.
D 3941 Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium
1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe
3
Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
E 220 Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Com-
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions, and
5
parison Techniques
shouldnotbeusedtodescribeorappraisethefirehazardorfire
E 230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force
risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
5
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
conditions. However, results of this test may be used as
E 502 Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Stan-
elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all
dardsfortheDeterminationofFlashPointofChemicalsby
of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire
6
Closed Cup Methods
hazard of a particular end use.
E 537 Test Method for Assessing The Thermal Stability of
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E27 on Hazard Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.04 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
4
Flammability and Ignitability of Chemicals. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
5
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
6
published as E1232–91. Last previous edition E1232–91(1996). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1232–02
6
NOTE 2—Asaresultofflamequenchingeffectsexistingwhentestingin
Chemicals By Methods of Differential Thermal Analysis
standard closed-cup flash point apparatus, there are certain chemicals that
E 681 Test Method for Concentration Limit
...

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5.1 The lower temperature limit of flammability is the minimum temperature at which a liquid (or solid) chemical will evolve sufficient vapors to form a flammable mixture with air under equilibrium conditions. Knowledge of this temperature is important in determining guidelines for the safe handling of chemicals, particularly in closed process and storage vessels.
Note 1: As a result of physical factors inherent in flash point apparatus and procedures, closed-cup flash point temperatures are not necessarily the minimum temperature at which a chemical will evolve flammable vapors (see Appendix X2 and Appendix X3, taken in part from Test Method E502). The temperature limit of flammability test is designed to supplement limitations inherent in flash point tests (Appendix X2). It yields a result closely approaching the minimum temperature of flammable vapor formation for equilibrium situations in the chemical processing industry such as in closed process and storage vessels.
Note 2: As a result of flame quenching effects existing when testing in standard closed-cup flash point apparatus, there are certain chemicals that exhibit no flash point but do evolve vapors that will propagate a flame in vessels of adequate size (X3.2). The temperature limit of flammability test chamber is sufficiently large to overcome flame quenching effects in most cases of practical importance, thus, usually indicating the presence of vapor-phase flammability if it does exist (6.2).
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Note 1: As a result of physical factors inherent in flash point apparatus and procedures, closed-cup flash point temperatures are not necessarily the minimum temperature at which a chemical will evolve flammable vapors (see Appendix X2 and Appendix X3, taken in part from Test Method E502). The temperature limit of flammability test is designed to supplement limitations inherent in flash point tests (Appendix X2). It yields a result closely approaching the minimum temperature of flammable vapor formation for equilibrium situations in the chemical processing industry such as in closed process and storage vessels.
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