ASTM D7931/D7931M-21a
(Guide)Standard Guide for Specifying Drainage Geocomposites
Standard Guide for Specifying Drainage Geocomposites
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to aid designers, purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, and agencies in establishing the minimum criteria to specify drainage geocomposites. Specifically, this guide presents a methodology for determining the allowable flow rate of a candidate drainage geocomposite. The resulting value is then compared to a required (or design) flow rate for a product-specific and site-specific factor of safety.
4.2 It is recognized that there are other products that may achieve the same performance requirements but are not listed in this document. Manufacturers of such products are invited to implement this standard guide with the appropriate information.
4.3 It should be recognized that parties, organizations, or representatives may perform additional tests other than those required in this guide. In this case, the more stringent project-specific tests will then take precedence.
4.4 By simulating site-specific conditions (inclusive of site-specific liquids and temperatures except for load duration beyond 100 h, chemical/biological clogging, and geotextile intrusion), additional reduction factors need not be explicitly accounted for in certain products.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents a guideline specifying a drainage geocomposite product; it specifically provides recommendations to determine the allowable flow rate of a candidate drainage geocomposite. The resulting value is then compared to a required (or design) flow rate for a product-specific and site-specific factor of safety.
1.2 This guide is intended to aid designers, purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, and agencies in establishing minimum guidelines for drainage geocomposite materials. This guide is not to be used for manufacturer’s quality control purposes, nor is it a construction quality assurance specification.
1.3 This guide does not address the required (or design) flow rate value, nor the subsequent factor of safety values, which are typically design specific.
1.4 The procedures recommended in this guide use ASTM test methods.
1.5 This guide is applicable to all types of drainage geocomposites regardless of their core configuration or geotextile type. It can also be used to evaluate thick, nonwoven geotextiles that provide drainage.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word ‘standard’ in the title of this guide means only that the guide has been approved through the ASTM International consensus process.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7931/D7931M − 21a
Standard Guide for
1
Specifying Drainage Geocomposites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7931/D7931M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The
1.1 This guide presents a guideline specifying a drainage
word ‘standard’ in the title of this guide means only that the
geocomposite product; it specifically provides recommenda-
guide has been approved through the ASTM International
tions to determine the allowable flow rate of a candidate
consensus process.
drainage geocomposite. The resulting value is then compared
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to a required (or design) flow rate for a product-specific and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
site-specific factor of safety.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 This guide is intended to aid designers, purchasers,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
installers, contractors, owners, operators, and agencies in
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
establishing minimum guidelines for drainage geocomposite
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
materials. This guide is not to be used for manufacturer’s
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
quality control purposes, nor is it a construction quality
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
assurance specification.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3 This guide does not address the required (or design)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
flow rate value, nor the subsequent factor of safety values,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
which are typically design specific.
2. Referenced Documents
1.4 The procedures recommended in this guide use ASTM
2
test methods. 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1987 TestMethodforBiologicalCloggingofGeotextileor
1.5 This guide is applicable to all types of drainage geo-
Soil/Geotextile Filters
composites regardless of their core configuration or geotextile
D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural
type. It can also be used to evaluate thick, nonwoven geotex-
Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics
tiles that provide drainage.
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
D4716/D4716M TestMethodforDeterminingthe(In-plane)
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
with the standard.
D4873/D4873M Guide for Identification, Storage, and Han-
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information dling of Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples
D5321/D5321M Test Method for Determining the Shear
oraseriesofoptionsanddoesnotrecommendaspecificcourse
of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-
Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear
and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circum- D5322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for
Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to
stances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the
standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional Liquids
D6243/D6243M Test Method for Determining the Internal
and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD35onGeosynthetics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Permeability and
2
Filtration. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D7931 – 21. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7931/D7931M − 21 D7931/D7931M − 21a
Standard Guide for
1
Specifying Drainage Geocomposites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7931/D7931M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide presents a guideline specifying a drainage geocomposite product; it specifically provides recommendations to
determine the allowable flow rate of a candidate drainage geocomposite. The resulting value is then compared to a required (or
design) flow rate for a product-specific and site-specific factor of safety.
1.2 This guide is intended to aid designers, purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, and agencies in establishing
minimum guidelines for drainage geocomposite materials. This guide is not to be used for manufacturer’s quality control purposes,
nor is it a construction quality assurance specification.
1.3 This guide does not address the required (or design) flow rate value, nor the subsequent factor of safety values, which are
typically design specific.
1.4 The procedures recommended in this guide use ASTM test methods.
1.5 This guide is applicable to all types of drainage geocomposites regardless of their core configuration or geotextile type. It can
also be used to evaluate thick, nonwoven geotextiles that provide drainage.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of
action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all
aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care
by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of
a project’s many unique aspects. The word ‘standard’ in the title of this guide means only that the guide has been approved through
the ASTM International consensus process.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Permeability and Filtration.
Current edition approved June 15, 2021Nov. 1, 2021. Published June 2021November 2021. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 20182021 as
D7931 – 18.D7931 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/D7931_D7931M-21.10.1520/D7931_D7931M-21A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7931/D7931M − 21a
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1987 Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile or Soil/Geotextile Filters
D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4716/D4716M Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a
Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
D4873/D4873M Guide for Identification, Storage, and Handling of Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples
D5321/D5321M Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic
Interfaces by Direct Shear
D5322 Practice for Laboratory
...
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