ASTM D5322-23

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Designation: D5322 − 17 D5322 − 23
Standard Practice for
Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the
Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid wastes,
prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid wastes.
1.2 This standard is not applicable to some geosynthetics such as geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), because of their composite
nature requiring a confining pressure during immersion. However, individual geosynthetic components of the GCL can be tested.
1.3 This standard was originally developed to supplement and expand EPA 9090 to include all geosynthetics. EPA 9090 has not
been updated since 1992.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D5496 Practice for In-Field Immersion Testing of Geosynthetics
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance Properties.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017Sept. 1, 2023. Published June 2017October 2023. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20092017 as
D5322 – 98 (2009).D5322 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D5322-17.10.1520/D5322-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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D5747D5747/D5747M Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geomembranes to Liquids
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of many terms used in this practice, refer to Terminologies D123 and D4439.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 chemical resistance—the ability to resist chemical attack.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
The attack is dependent on the test method, and its severity is measured by determining the changes in physical properties. Time,
temperature, stress, and reagent may all be factors affecting the chemical resistance of a material.
3.2.2 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering-related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice provides a standard immersion procedure for investigating the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic to a liquid
waste, leachate, or chemical in a laboratory environment. The conditions specified in this practice are intended both to provide a
basis of standardization and to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a
geosynthetic material(s) in a laboratory environment. Practice D5496 can be used should the user need to assess the performance
of a geosynthetic in field conditions.
4.2 This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such behavior,
referred to as chemical resistance, can be defined only in terms of specific chemical solutions and methods of testing and evaluation
criteria selected by the user.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Exposure Tank, Exposure Tank,for containment of the solution and test material. The tank must be chemically resistant and
impermeable to the solution being used. Stainless steel or glass is recommended. Glass should not be used with strongly basic
solutions.
5.1.1 The size of the exposure tank is not specified since the volume of liquid to be used with any given amount of immersed
geosynthetic has not been standardized by ASTM or specified by the Environmental Protection Agency at the time of the writing
of this practice. Sufficient liquid must be used to ensure the presence of any potentially detrimental chemicals throughout the
immersion. If sufficiently large exposure tanks are not possible, or if it is suspected that trace amounts of chemicals may be
depleted from the liquid during the exposure, smaller tanks may be used if the immersion liquid is replaced with fresh solution
after each test period.
5.2 Exposure Tank Lid, Exposure Tank Lid,for sealing the tank. In order to prevent the loss of volatile components of interest, the
tank must be capable of being sealed with a chemically resistant material.
5.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, agreed upon, or required, provisions must be made for maintaining ambient atmospheric pressure
in the tank. Using a reflex condenser open to the air, a pressure relief valve or any method allowing the movement of gas to relieve
pressure while minimizing changes in the chemical composition of the test solution is acceptable (see 9.7). The purpose of this
feature of the equipment is to prevent pressure buildup in an exposure tank from the generation of gases by chemical reactions or
biological activity.
5.2.2 Pressurized tanks that maintain a constant pressure may be used as an alternative to 5.2.1 when the maintenance of a pressure
other than ambient atmospheric pressure is specified, agreed upon, or required.
5.3 Temperature Control Equipment, Temperature Control Equipment, to maintain the immersion solution at the specified
temperature. Options that have worked well are the following: (1) a hot water bath to contain the exposure tank; (2) a heating coil
wrapped around the tank, or a hot plate used in conjunction with a thermostat and thermocouple; and (3) a room controlled at the
D5322 − 23
exposure temperature for storing the tank. Placing a heating coil directly in the exposure solution is not recommended since
corrosion may affect the coil, and chemical reactions that may not otherwise occur may occur on a hot coil.
5.4 Stirrer, Stirrer,if required (see 9.4), for mixing the solution. Magnetically moved stirring bars and mechanical stirrers entering
the tank through the lid will both work, depending on the temperature control procedure.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Immersion Solution—Immersion SolutionThe —The solutions potentially used with this practice have large differences in
origin. The user of this practice must determine the correct solution for use in the particular application. Liquid wastes, leachates
collected from existing installations, leachates made from solid wastes, synthetic leachates made from laboratory chemicals,
standard chemical solutions (Practices D543), and reference fuels and oils (Test Method D471) are some of the possibilities.
7. Hazards
7.1 The solutions used in this practice may contain hazardous chemicals. Precautions must be taken when handling hazardous
waste, chemicals, and immersion solutions. Protective equipment suitable for the chemicals being used must be worn by all
personnel handling or exposed to the chemicals. Care should be taken when opening storage vessels at elevated temperatures, due
to the increased volatility of organics and increased activity of acids and bases. Care must also be taken to prevent the spilling of
hazardous materials, and provisions must be made to clean up any accidental spills that do occur.
8. Sampling
8.1 Samples of the geosynthetic(s) to be immersed should be taken in a manner appropriate for the particular material. It is
essential that all of the material immersed, as
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