ASTM D5617-23

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Designation: D5617 − 04 (Reapproved 2015) D5617 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Multi-Axial Tension Test for GeosyntheticsElongation of
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the out-of-plane response of geosynthetics a geomembrane to a force that is
applied perpendicular to the initial plane of the sample.
1.2 When the geosyntheticgeomembrane deforms to a prescribed geometric shape (arc of a sphere or ellipsoid)ellipsoid),
formulations are provided to convert the test data to biaxial tensile stress-strain values. These formulations cannot be used for other
geometric shapes. With other geometric shapes, comparative data on deformation versus pressure is obtained.
1.3 This test method is more commonly used to test geomembranes. Permeable materials may also be tested in conjunction with
an impermeable material.
1.3 This test method requires a large diameter large-diameter pressure vessel (600(610 mm). Information obtained from this test
method may be more appropriate for design purposes than many small scale index tests such as Test Method small-scale index
tests.D6693 or Test Method D7003/D7003M.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D6693D5199 Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible
Polypropylene GeomembranesMeasuring the Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2023. Published June 2015December 2023. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
D5617–04(2010).D5617 – 04 (2015). DOI: 10.1520/D5617-04R15.10.1520/D5617-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5617 − 23
D7003/D7003MD5994/D5994M Test Method for Strip Tensile Properties of ReinforcedMeasuring Core Thickness of Textured
Geomembranes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic, multi-axial elongation, n—planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth,
or other geotechnical engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.average strain
along the arch intercepting the centerpoint, generated by the out-of-plane deformation of a geomembrane specimen fixed by a ring
and exposed to a fluid pressure.
3.1.2 multi-axial tension, n—stress in more than one direction.
3.1.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4439.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A pre-cut geosynthetic sample geomembrane specimen is secured at the edges of a large diameter (600 mm) large-diameter
pressure vessel. Pressure is applied to the samplespecimen to cause out-of-plane deformation and failure. This deformation The
deformation at break with pressure information can then be is analyzed to evaluate various materials.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Installed geosyntheticsgeomembranes are subjected to forces from more than one direction, including forces perpendicular to
the surfaces of the geosynthetic. Out of plane geomembrane. Out-of-plane deformation of a geosyntheticgeomembrane may be
useful in evaluating materials for caps where subsidence of the subsoil may be problematic.
5.2 Failure mechanisms on this test may be different compared to other relatively small scale small-scale index tests and may be
beneficial for design purposes.
5.3 In applications where local subsidence is expected, this test can be considered a performance test.
NOTE 1—Although, this test specifies a vessel size of 600 mm, larger diameter vessels will better approximate field performance. However, the user is
cautioned that different size vessels may yield different results and hence may not be comparable.
5.4 For applications where geosyntheticsgeomembranes cannot be deformed in the fashion this test method prescribes, this test
method should be considered an index test.
5.5 Due to the time involved to perform this test method, test, it is not considered practical as a quality control test.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Fig. 1 shows an example of the test apparatus that can be used in the performance of to perform this test method. The apparatus
requires a pressure vessel rated to capable of sustaining a minimum of 690 kPa. The vessel diameter should be 600 inside diameter
is 610 6 10 mm. Other size vessels may be used but it is up to the user to establish correlation to the standard size vessel.
6.1.1 Other size vessels may be used as a deviation from the standard size; however, their results are not comparable with those
using standard equipment.
NOTE 1—In some jurisdictions, the use of pressure vessels may be regulated for working at the anticipated pressures.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is BT Technology, Inc., PO Box 49, 320 North Railroad St., Rushville, IL 62681. If you
are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend.
D5617 − 23
FIG. 1 Multi-Axial Burst Apparatus
6.2 If the vessel has a deflection chamber it should not inhibit the geosynthetic from freely deflecting during the test. The deflection
chamber shall be vented.
6.2.1 Some materials will expand laterally beyond the diameter of the pressure vessel and may contact the sides of the deflection
chamber. In these cases, the test is no longer valid and a different device must be used. Devices without deflection chambers have
worked well in these situations.
6.2 The vessel will have must be equipped with a system to measure pressure with an accuracy of 0.35 kPa and the magnitude
of central deflection.deflection every second with an accuracy of 1 mm or 1 %, whichever is the greatest.
6.3.1 The system for measuring deflection shall be capable of being read to an accuracy of 5 mm.
6.3.2 The system for measuring pressure shall be capable of being read to an accuracy of 3.5 kPa.
6.4 All test shall be conducted at standard laboratory temperatures of 23 6 −2°C.
7. Test SpecimenSampling and Specimens
7.1 Cut a roll-width sample from a clean and unscratched section of the roll. The length in the machine direction shall be longer
than the diameter of the test specimen including clamping area.
7.2 Do not use test specimens with defects or any other abnormalities, unless this is the item of interest.
7.2 Cut the test specimen larger than the area of the main sealing force of the vessel.
7.3 If a permeable material such as a geotextile is being tested, an impermeable material such as a geomembrane or thin plastic
sheet has to overlay the permeable material to maintain the pressure in the vessel during the test.Cut the test specimen to the
requirements of the test vessel to entirely fix the specimen and ensure a seal free of leaks.
7.3.1 When testing permeable materials, the impermeable material shall be more elastic than the permeable material (unless the
combination of the two materials is the desired test variable). This is required so that the permeable material fails first.
7.3.2 Test results on permeable materials will be affected by the impermeable material used in the test.
7.4 TestPrepare three replicate specimens on each sample unless otherwise noted.specimens equally spaced across the width.
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8. Conditioning
8.1 Test specimens shall be conditioned at a temperature of 23 6 –2 °C until reaching thermal equilibrium and for at least 16 h.
8.2 Tests shall be conducted at a temperature of 23 6 –2 °C.
9. Procedure
9.1 Cut the test specimen to the requirements Measured the thickness of the test vessel to ensure aspecimen according to Test
Method D5199good seal. Place, Test Method D5994/D5994Mspecimen across the opening of the vessel. Be sure the specimen is
not sagging., or the appropriate standard for the material being tested.
8.2 Be sure the specimen remains flat while the edge of the specimen is being securely clamped into place.
9.2 Either air or water can be used to pressurize the vessel. If a water system is used, introduce water into the vessel until it is
completely filled.full.
9.3 Place specimen across the opening of the vessel. Be sure the specimen is not sagging. For some types of geomembranes, a
rubber seal may be necessary on the underside of the specimen to avoid air leakage while increasing the pressure.
9.4 Place the clamping ring. Be sure the specimen remains flat while the edge of the specimen is being clamped.
9.5 Add water or air air, at room temperature, into the system so as to
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