ASTM D7455-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis
Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Crude oil, petroleum, petroleum products, additives, and lubricants are routinely analyzed for their elemental content such as chlorine, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and various metals using a variety of analytical techniques. Some of these test methods require little to no sample preparation; some others require only simple dilutions; while others require elaborate sample decomposition before the product is analyzed for its elemental content.
4.2 Fairly often it can be shown that the round robin results by a co-operator are all biased with respect to those from other laboratories. Presumably, the failure to follow good laboratory practices and instructions in the test methods can be a causal factor of such errors. A further consequence is an unnecessarily large reproducibility estimate or the data being dropped from the study as an outlier.
4.3 Uniform practice for sample preparation is beneficial in standardizing the procedures and obtaining consistent results across the laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers different means by which petroleum product and lubricant samples may be prepared before the measurement of their elemental content using different analytical techniques.
1.2 This practice includes only the basic steps for generally encountered sample types. Anything out of the ordinary may require special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations.
1.3 This practice is not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the actual test method to be used, caveats the test method contains, and additional sample preparation that may be required.
1.4 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methods being used without thoroughly understanding the implications of such deviations.
1.5 This practice may also be applicable to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis. Currently, work is ongoing in ASTM Subcommittee D02.03; as information becomes available, it will be added to this standard.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7455 − 19
Standard Practice for
Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products
1
for Elemental Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7455; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This practice covers different means by which petro-
leumproductandlubricantsamplesmaybepreparedbeforethe
2. Referenced Documents
measurement of their elemental content using different analyti-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cal techniques.
C1234 Practice for Preparation of Oils and Oily Waste
1.2 This practice includes only the basic steps for generally
Samples by High-Pressure, High-Temperature Digestion
encountered sample types. Anything out of the ordinary may
for Trace Element Determinations
require special procedures. See individual test methods for
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
instructions to handle such situations.
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
1.3 This practice is not a substitute for a thorough under-
eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
standing of the actual test method to be used, caveats the test
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
method contains, and additional sample preparation that may
D808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum
be required.
Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
1.4 The user should not expand the scope of the test
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the
and Additives
test methods being used without thoroughly understanding the
D1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions
implications of such deviations.
D1091 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils and
1.5 This practice may also be applicable to sample prepa-
Additives
ration of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis.
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
Currently,workisongoinginASTMSubcommitteeD02.03;as
Method)
information becomes available, it will be added to this stan-
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame
dard.
Photometric Method)
1
D1548 Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3
(Withdrawn 1997)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
standard.
High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detec-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tion or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D2784 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petro-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
leum Gases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp)(Withdrawn
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
3
2016)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
lometry
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7455 – 14. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D7455-19. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 -------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7455 − 14 D7455 − 19
Standard Practice for
Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products
1
for Elemental Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7455; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers different means by which petroleum product and lubricant samples may be prepared before the
measurement of their elemental content using different analytical techniques.
1.2 This practice includes only the basic steps for generally encountered sample types. Anything out of the ordinary may require
special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations.
1.3 This practice is not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the actual test method to be used, caveats the test method
contains, and additional sample preparation that may be required.
1.4 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methods
being used without thoroughly understanding the implications of such deviations.
1.5 This practice may also be applicable to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis.
Currently, work is ongoing in ASTM Subcommittee D02.03; as information becomes available, it will be added to this standard.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1234 Practice for Preparation of Oils and Oily Waste Samples by High-Pressure, High-Temperature Digestion for Trace
Element Determinations
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
D1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions
D1091 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils and Additives
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
1 3
D1548 Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil (Withdrawn 1997)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014May 1, 2019. Published May 2014May 2019. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
D7455 – 08.D7455 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D7455-14.10.1520/D7455-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7455 − 19
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detection or Thermal
Conductivity Detection (TCD)
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
3
D2784 Standard T
...
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