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71.080.80 - Aldehydes and ketones

ICS 71.080.80 Details

Aldehydes and ketones

Aldehyde. Ketone

Aldehydes et cetones

Aldehidi in ketoni

General Information

Parent
71.080 - Organic chemicals

Frequently Asked Questions

ICS 71.080.80 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Aldehydes and ketones". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.

There are 130 standards classified under ICS 71.080.80 (Aldehydes and ketones). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.

The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.

Standardization Organization
Technical Committee
Directive
Mandate
50
ASTM
ASTM E411-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of trace amounts of aldehydes and ketones in aqueous solutions and a wide variety of organic solvents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbonyl in the range from 0.5 μg to 50 μg calculated as CO.  
1.2 This test method is intended to be general and does not include steps for sample preparation.  
1.3 Acetals that hydrolyze under the conditions of the test are also determined.  
1.4 Carbonyl derivatives such as acetals and imines that are easily hydrolyzed may be determined by an alternative procedure.  
1.5 The developed color is not stable and must be measured within a specified period.  
Note 1: Other test methods for the determination of traces of carbonyl compounds are given in Test Methods D1089, D1612, D2119, and D2191.  
1.6 Review the current appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 and Section 8.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2379-09(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acidity of Formaldehyde Solutions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a measurement of acidity (as formic acid) in formaldehyde solutions. The results of these measurements can be used for specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acidity of commercially available formaldehyde solutions.  
1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3893-03(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Purity of Methyl Amyl Ketone and Methyl Isoamyl Ketone by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This procedure is designed to determine the purity of the two ketones, methyl isoamyl ketone and methyl amyl ketone, and to obtain the concentration of their various impurities, several of which are critical in the application of these solvents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of methyl amyl ketone and methyl isoamyl ketone. In addition, the method determines total ketones and various impurities which may include acetone, isopropyl alcohol, methyl propyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl carbinol, mesityl oxide, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl butyl carbinol, methyl amyl ketone, and diisobutyl ketone.  
1.2 Water and acid cannot be determined by this test method. They must be determined by other appropriate ASTM procedures, and the results used to normalize the chromatographic data.  
1.3 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded “off to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2916-09(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Isophorone

ABSTRACT
This specification covers isophorone volatile solvents used in paints, varnishes, lacquers, and related products. Isoprophone should conform to the specified requirements on apparent specific gravity, color, distillation, purity, acidity as acetic acid, and water content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers isophorone2 (98 % grade) for use in paint, varnish, lacquer, and related products.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 For specific hazard information and guidance, see the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this specification.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1614-09(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Alkalinity in Acetone

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a measurement of alkalinity in acetone. The results of this measurement can be used for specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination in acetone of alkalinity calculated as ammonia (NH3).  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 For specific hazard information and guidance, consult the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3329-03(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Purity of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a measurement of commonly found impurities in commercially available methyl isobutyl ketone. The measurement of these impurities and the results thereof can individually or when totaled and subtracted from 100 (assay) be used for specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) by gas chromatography and in addition provides a means for measuring certain impurities such as methyl isobutyl carbinol which are of interest. Impurities such as water and acidity are measured by other appropriate ASTM procedures and the results are used to normalize the chromatographic value.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the round-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 For specific hazard information and guidance, see the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet for the materials listed in this test method.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4423-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbonyls in C4 Hydrocarbons

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The determination of the carbonyl content of polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene is necessary, since in some polymerization reactions, the presence of carbonyls in excess over some specified amount can have a deleterious effect upon the polymer properties or the reaction itself, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbonyls (ketones and aldehydes) in C4 hydrocarbons. This test method was tested on polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene.  
1.2 The applicable range for this test method is 0 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg carbonyls calculated as acetaldehyde.  
1.3 Other C4 hydrocarbons and their mixtures besides polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene could be tested using this same test method. However, the precision section of this test method covers only carbonyls in applicable range as listed in 1.2, as found in polymerization-grade 1,3-butadiene.  
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2087-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Iron in Formaldehyde Solutions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a measurement of iron content of formaldehyde solutions. The results of these measurements can be used for specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total iron content of formaldehyde solutions.  
1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2378-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Formaldehyde 50 % Grade Uninhibited and 37 % Grade Inhibited and Uninhibited

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the properties and requirements for 50 % uninhibited formaldehyde and 37 % uninhibited and inhibited formaldehyde. Specimens shall be suitably sampled and tested, and shall meet the specified values of the following properties: apparent specific gravity; formaldehyde content; acidity; color (Pt-Co scale); iron content; methanol content; and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers 50 % uninhibited formaldehyde and 37 % uninhibited and inhibited formaldehyde.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 For specific hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2086-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acidity in Vinyl Acetate and Acetaldehyde

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a measurement of total acidity in vinyl acetate and acetaldehyde. The results of these measurements can be used for specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total acidity as acetic acid in refined vinyl acetate and acetaldehyde.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed value or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1153-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Methyl Isobutyl Ketone

ABSTRACT
This specification covers methyl isobutyl ketone (99.0 % grade). The properties specified for methyl isobutyl ketone shall be determined in accordance with the following test methods: apparent specific gravity; color; distillation range; nonvolatile matter; odor; water; acidity; and alcohol and purity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers methyl isobutyl ketone (99.0 % grade).  
1.2 For specific hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this specification.  
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2194-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Concentration of Formaldehyde Solutions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a measurement of formaldehyde content (assay) of formaldehyde solutions. The results of these measurements can be used for specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the formaldehyde content of commercially available formaldehyde solutions ranging in concentration from 36 to 55 weight %.  
1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed value or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2804-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Purity of Methyl Ethyl Ketone By Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a measurement of commonly found impurities in commercially available methyl ethyl ketone. The measurement of these impurities and the results thereof can individually or when totaled and subtracted from 100 (assay) be used for specification purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of methyl ethyl ketone by gas chromatography. Impurities including water, acidity, and nonvolatile matter are measured by appropriate ASTM procedures and the results are used to normalize the chromatographic value.  
1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed value or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5197-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler Methodology)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides an analytical procedure for measuring formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor, workplace, ambient air or for emission testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method presents a procedure for the determination of formaldehyde (HCHO) and other carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) in air. Other carbonyl compounds that have been successfully quantified by this method include acetaldehyde, acetone, propanal (propionaldehyde), 2-butanone (methyl ethyl ketone), butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, valeraldehyde, o-tolualdehyde, m-tolualdehyde, p-tolualdehyde, hexanal, and 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde.  
1.2 This test method involves drawing air through a cartridge containing silica gel coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) reagent. Carbonyl compounds readily form stable derivatives with the acidified DNPH reagent. The DNPH derivatives are analyzed for parent aldehydes and ketones using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). UHPLC systems use higher pressures and smaller particle sizes in columns compared to HPLC systems. The sampling procedure is a modification of U.S. EPA Method TO-11A (see 2.2).  
1.3 This test method is based on the reaction of carbonyl compounds with DNPH in the presence of an acid to form stable derivatives according to the reaction shown in Fig. 1, (where: both R and R1 are alkyl or aromatic groups (ketones), or either, or both R or R1 is a hydrogen atom (aldehydes)). The determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds, as DNPH derivatives, is similar to that of U.S. EPA Method TO-11A in that it uses HPLC or UHPLC for separation of carbonyl compounds followed by UV adsorption or photodiode array detection. This test method exceeds the stated applicability of TO-11A to include other carbonyl compounds that can be determined as stated in 10.2.4. This test method is suitable for determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in the airborne concentration range from approximately 10 ppbv/v (12 μg/m3), requires sampling for 1 h at 1 L/min) to 1 ppmv/v (1.2 mg/m3). Lower concentrations in air may be determined using higher sampling volume and with control of contamination, appropriate selection of flow rate and sampling duration.
FIG. 1 Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds  
1.4 The sampling method gives a time-weighted average (TWA) sample. It can be used for long-term (1 to 24 h) or short-term (5 to 60 min) sampling of air for formaldehyde. Shorter sampling times or low flow rates will result in higher detection limits and may result in greater variation in co-located sampler results. Tests should be performed over a duration and a flow rate that allows the data quality objective of the project to be achieved. Sample times for other carbonyls, such as acetaldehyde, may be limited to short term (1).2 The data provides total concentrations of carbonyl compounds from which time weighted average concentrations can be calculated.  
1.5 This test method instructs the user on how to prepare sampling cartridges from commercially available chromatographic grade silica gel cartridges3 by the application of acidified DNPH to each cartridge.  
1.6 The sampling flow rate, as described in this test method, has been validated for sampling rates up to 1.5 L/min for formaldehyde. This flow rate limitation is principally due to the high pressure drop (>8 kPa at 1.0 L/min) across user prepared silica gel cartridges which have a particle size of 55 to 105 µm. These cartridges are not generally compatible with battery-powered pumps used in personal sampling equipment (for example, those used by industrial hygienists).  
1.7 Alternatively, pre-coated DNPH silica gel cartridges are commercially available and may be substituted provided they can be demonstrated to meet blank and analyte trapping acceptance criteria (2). Some of these use silica gel of a larger parti...

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ASTM
ASTM D329-07(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Acetone

ABSTRACT
This specification covers acetone (99.5 % grade). Acetone shall be subjected to the following tests: acidity test, aldehyde test, alkalinity test, apparent specific gravity test, assay test, color test, distillation range test, nonvolatile matter test, odor test, permanganate time test, water test, and water miscibility test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acetone (99.5 % grade).  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 1.5 and 4.1.  
1.5 This specification specifies the use of a U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-designated hazardous chemical, acetone. For hazard information and guidance see the supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4360-11(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Methyl n-Amyl Ketone

ABSTRACT
This certification of coating conformance form provides procurement information concerning products being furnished in accordance with a specific coating specification and additional requirements contained in the purchase order. The certification form is divided into four headings: General Type and Description(I), Buyer Information(II), Seller Information (III), and Certification (IV). The first heading consists of the following information: generic type, manufacturer's designation, specification number, formula number, component number, component identification, and color. The second heading consists purchase order number, release number, part number, item number, and stock number. The third heading consists of seller's representative, batch number, lot number, date of manufacture, and date of certification expiration. The last heading is a paragraph describing the certification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers methyl n-amyl ketone (98 % grade) for use in paint, varnish, lacquer, and related products.  
1.2 For specific hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this specification.  
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2380-04(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Methanol Content of Formaldehyde Solutions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method provides a measurement of methanol content of formaldehyde solutions. The results of these measurements can be used for specification acceptance.  
3.2 This test method is applicable to 37 % formaldehyde solutions containing 0 to 2 %, 6 to 8 %, or 12 to 15 % methanol.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the calculation of the methanol content of commercially available 37 % formaldehyde solutions and is based on the relationship of specific gravity to formaldehyde and methanol content.2 Separate equations are given for three ranges of methanol: 0 to 2 %, 6 to 8 %, and 12 to 15 %.  
1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 4.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1363-06(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Permanganate Time of Acetone and Methanol

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The permanganate time can be used to judge the presence of oxidizable materials that may be associated with manufacture or contamination during distribution and to assess compliance with a specification.  
4.2 Many chemical processes that use acetone or methanol, or both, involve catalyst, metals, or ligand complexes that are sensitive to oxidation. Since oxidizable contaminants may affect the efficiency of these processes, this test method provides a comparative test for manufacturing control and assessing compliance with a specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the detection in acetone and methanol of the presence of impurities that reduce potassium permanganate.  
1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 For specific hazard information and guidance, consult the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D740-11(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Methyl Ethyl Ketone,

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two types of methyl ethyl ketone (or 2-butanone), namely: Type I (regular grade) and Type II (urethane grade), that are used primarily as solvents in lacquers and industrial coatings, but also in adhesives, printing inks, lube oil dewaxing, and as chemical intermediates. The physical and chemical properties of methyl ethyl ketone shall conform to the requirements specified for the following: (1) acidity, (2) weight percentage of alcohol, (3) color (Pt-Co scale), (4) distillation range defined by the initial boiling point and dry point, (5) nonvolatile matter content, (6) purity, (7) apparent specific gravity, and (8) weight percentage of water. The sampling and test methods for determining conformance to the specified physical and chemical properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of methyl ethyl ketone that are used primarily as solvents in lacquers and industrial coatings, but also in adhesives, printing inks, lube oil dewaxing, and as chemical intermediates.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 For specific hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO
ISO 2227:1972(Main)
Formaldehyde solutions for industrial use - Determination of formaldehyde content

The specified method is applicable to HCHO contents between 25 5 and 45 %. The field of application may be extended by siutably modifying the mass of the test portion. The principle consists in the reaction of the test solution with a neutral sodium sulphite solution, and acidimetric titration of the liberated sodium hydroxide in presence of thymolphthalein as indicator.

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ASTM
ASTM D4710-07(2012)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Acetaldehyde (Withdrawn 2021)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers acetaldehyde of a specific grade. The materials should conform to the specified requirements for purity, color, acidity and nonvolatile matter content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acetaldehyde (99 % grade).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 For specific hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this specification.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covered acetaldehyde (99 % grade).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this specification was withdrawn in January 2021 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ASTM
ASTM D2192-06(2012)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Purity of Aldehydes and Ketones (Withdrawn 2021)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a measurement of purity (assay) of aldehydes and ketones. The results of these measurements can be used for specification acceptance.  
4.2 The precision of this test method is applicable only to material having a purity of 98 to 100 %.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of certain commercially available aldehydes and ketones.  
1.2 In addition to all aldehydes and ketones, all compounds such as vinyl alkyl ethers, acetals, and ketals, that hydrolyze under the conditions of the reaction to form free carbonyl groups, react with the reagent and consequently interfere. Water, alcohols, saturated esters, and hydrocarbons do not react with the reagent, but large amounts of inert organic solvents are undesirable because of the effect on the indicator.  
1.3 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination of the purity of certain commercially available aldehydes and ketones.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this test method was withdrawn in January 2021 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

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ISO
ISO 757-4:1983(Main)
Acetone for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 4: Determination of permanganate time

The principle of the procedure consists in addition to a test portion, under specified conditions, of potassium permanganate solution. Determination of the time taken for the colour of this test solution to match that of a cobalt(II) chloride and uranyl nitrate colour standard. This document should be read in conjenction with ISO 757/1.

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ISO
ISO 757-2:1982(Main)
Acetone for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 2: Determination of acidity to phenolphthalein - Titrimetric method

The principle of the method consists in dilution of a test portion with carbon dioxide-free water, titration of the test solution, if acid, with standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution, using phenolphthalein as indicator. The method is applicable to products having acidities, expressed as acetic acid, equal to or greater than 0,0006 % (m/m). International Standards ISO 757/1 to ISO 757/5 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 757-1968, of which they constitute a technical revision. This document has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

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ISO
ISO 757-3:1982(Main)
Acetone for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 3: Test for miscibility with water
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ISO
ISO 757-1:1982(Main)
Acetone for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 1: General

Gives general instruction and specifies the methods for the determination of density at 20 °C, the determination of dry residue after evaporation on a water bath, the measurement of colour, the determination of distillation range and the determination of water content. International Standards ISO 757/1 to ISO 757/5 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 757-1968, of which they constitute a technical revision. This document has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

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ISO
ISO 757-5:1982(Main)
Acetone for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 5: Control test with Agulhon's reagent

This control is intended essentially for the detection of alcoholic impurities in aceton. The principle consists in treatment of a test portion with Agulhon's reagent (potassium dichromate solution added to nitric acid solution) under specified conditions. The presence of certain impurities, in particular alcoholic ones, is indicated by a blue or violett coloration. International Standards ISO 757/1 to ISO 757/5 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 757-1968, of which they constitute a technical revision. This document has also been approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

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ISO
ISO 1391-5:1981(Main)
Paraformaldehyde for industrial use - Methods of test - Determination of aldehyde content - Titrimetric method

The method is applicable to solid paraformaldehyde of aldehyde contents in the range 67 % (m/m) to 97 % (m/m). The principle consists in the reaction of aldehyde present in a test portion with neutralized sodium sulphite solution. Titration of the liberated sodium hydroxide with sulphuric acid solution using thymolphthalein as indicator. - This document has also been approved by the IUPAC.

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ISO
ISO 1391-4:1976(Main)
Paraformaldehyde for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 4: Determination of water-insoluble matter

The principle of the procedure consists in the dissolution of a test sample in a highly diluted sodium hydroxide solution, filtration by using a tared filter crucible, drying of the residue at (100 2) °C. Determination of the in water insoluble substances by differences. - ISO 1391, Parts 1 to 4, replace ISO Recommendation R 1391-1970.

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ISO
ISO 1391-3:1976(Main)
Paraformaldehyde for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 3: Determination of iron content - 2,2'- Bipyridyl photometric method

Conversion of iron contained in a test sample to sulphate by treatment with hot sulphuric acid. Oxidation of the iron present in the solution by hydrogen peroxide and subsequently reduction of the iron(III) by hydroxylammonium chloride. Formation of the coloured complex iron(II)-2,2'bipyridyl in a buffered medium. Photometric measurement of the coloured complex at a wavelength of about 510 nm. - ISO 1391, Parts 1 to 4, replace ISO Recommendation R 1391-1970.

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ISO
ISO 1391-1:1976(Main)
Paraformaldehyde for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 1: General

Specifies the laboratory sample to have a mass of not less than 500 g. Before carrying out the tests, the sample shall be grind to a fine powder and mixed thoroughly. - ISO 1391, Parts 1 to 4, replace ISO Recommendation R 1391-1970.

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ISO
ISO 1391-2:1976(Main)
Paraformaldehyde for industrial use - Methods of test - Part 2: Determination of ash

The principle of the method is based on burning a test portion and heating at (600 30) °C to constant mass. - ISO 1391, Parts 1 to 4, replace ISO Recommendation R 1391-1970.

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ISO
ISO 2501:1974(Main)
Methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl methyl ketone and isoamyl ethyl ketone for industrial use - Determination of alcoholic impurities - Volumetric method

Acetylation of a test portion with acetyl chloride and determination of the alcohol equivalent to the acetyl groups that have reacted by titration with standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of phenolphthalein. Correction of the acidity of the sample.

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ISO
ISO 2499:1974(Main)
isoButyl methyl ketone for industrial use - List of methods of test

Specifies the sampling, the determination of distillation characteristics, of the density at 20 0C, of residue on evaporation on a water bath, of the water content, of alcoholic impurities, of the acidity to phenolphthalein and the measurement of colour.

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ISO
ISO 2512:1974(Main)
Furfural for industrial use - Determination of total carbonyl compounds - Volumetric method

Reaction between hydroxylammonium chloride and carbonyl groups in a test portion, followed by determination of the hydrochloric acid liberated by titration with standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of bromophenol blue as indicator.

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ISO
ISO 2513:1974(Main)
Acetaldehyde for industrial use - Determination of density at 15 degrees C

Prescribes that samples shall be taken in clean stainless steel flasks purged with nitrogen. The low boiling point at 20.2 0C makes difficult the determination of density at 20 0C, therefore, the determination is specified at 15 0C. The procedure is performed according to the method given in ISO 758.

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ISO
ISO 2514:1974(Main)
Acetaldehyde for industrial use - Determination of water content - Karl Fischer method

Prescribes that samples shall be taken in clean stainless steel flasks purged with nitrogen. Samples shall only be drawn at temperatures below 20 0C. The Process uses the method of the electrometric titration according to ISO 760. Either dimethylformamide or a mixture of dimethylformamide and pyridine is used for the sample solvent.

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ISO
ISO 2511:1974(Main)
Furfural for industrial use - List of methods of test

Specifies the sampling, determination of distillation characteristics, density at 20 0C, water content, total carbonyl compounds and the acidity to phenolphtalein.

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ISO
ISO 2498:1974(Main)
Methyl ethyl ketone for industrial use - Examination for residual odour

The principle of examination is the comparison of the odour of the sample with that of an agreed reference standard. If there is no odour after the butanone has been evaporated the product is without any residual odour.

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ISO
ISO 2500:1974(Main)
isoAmyl ethyl ketone for industrial use - List of methods of test

Specifies the sampling, the determination of distillation characteristics, of the density at 20 0C, of residue on evaporation on a water bath, of the water content, of alcoholic impurities, of the acidity to phenolphthalein and the measurement of colour in Hazen units.

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ISO
ISO 2497:1973(Main)
Methyl ethyl ketone for industrial use - List of methods of test

Specifies the sampling, the determination of distillation characteristics, of the density at 20 0C, of residue on evaporation on a water bath, of the water content, of alcoholic impurities, of the acidity to phenolphthalein, the examination of residual odour and the measurement of colour in Hazen units.

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ISO
ISO 2885:1973(Main)
Acetaldehyde for industrial use - Determination of total content of carbonyl compounds - Volumetric method

Volumetric method of the determination of carbonyl compounds present by reaction with hydroxylammonium chloride and titration with standard volumetric sodium hydoxide solution in the presence of bromophenol blue as indicator. Has also been approved by the IUPAC.

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ISO
ISO 2887:1973(Main)
secButyl alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl methyl ketone, isoamyl ethyl ketone, diacetone alcohol and hexylene glycol for industrial use - Determination of acidity to phenolphthalein - Volumetric method

Lays down the treatment of a test portion by dilution with water (or with ethanol or propan-2-ol if the sample is not completely soluble in water) and removal of carbon dioxide by passing a strem of nitrogen through the solution. The determination is carried out by titration with a standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as indicator. The nitrogen used shall be free from ammonia and carbon dioxide.

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ISO
ISO 2886:1973(Main)
Acetaldehyde for industrial use - Determination of iron content - 2,2'- Bipyridyl photometric method

The principle consists in the evaporation to dryness of a test portion and dissolution of the residue in hydrochloric acid. Reduction of iron(III) by means of hydroxylammonium chloride. Formation of the iron(II)- 2,2'-dipyridyl complex. Photometric measurement of the coloured complex at a wavelength of about 522 nm. Specifies the use of a spectrophotometer or photoelectric absorptionmeter. As an alternative it is permitted to employ a visual method comparing the test solution with a series of reference solutions. Has also been approved by the IUPAC.

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ISO
ISO 2888:1973(Main)
Furfural for industrial use - Determination of acidity to phenolphthalein - Volumetric method

Pretreatment of the water used, freshly boiled and cooled, by neutralization by addition of the standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution or sulphuric acid solution as required. Addition of the test portion and titration with the standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution in presence of phenolphthalein as indicator until the apperance of a pale pink colour.

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ISO
ISO 2226:1972(Main)
Formaldehyde solutions for industrial use - Determination of iron content - 2,2'- Bipyridyl photometric method

The specified method is applicable to the detection of Fe contents less than 0,0004 % (m/m). The principle consists in conversion of any iron present into the sulphate by evaporation to dryness in the presence of sulphuric acid, and reduction of iron (III) by means of hydroxylammonium chloride. Formation of a iron (II) 2,2'-bipyridyl complex. Photometric measurement of the coloured complex at a wavelength of about 522nm. As an alternative to measurement of absorbance the test solution prepared may be compared visually the Nessler cylinders with standard matching solution or with standard colorimetric discs.

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ISO
ISO 2222:1972(Main)
Formaldehyde solutions for industrial use - Limit test for inorganic sulphates

The specified method is applicable when the required limit is not greater than 0,1 % and not less than 0,001 %. If the required limit lies outside that range, the mass of the test portion should be changed. The principle ot the test consists in comparison of the turbidity obtained by the addition of barium chloride solution to a solution of the sample, in the presence of hydrochloric acid, with that similarly produced from a sulphate solution of known concentration.

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ISO
ISO 2224:1972(Main)
Formaldehyde solutions for industrial use - Determination of ash
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ISO
ISO 2221:1972(Main)
Formaldehyde solutions for industrial use - Limit test for inorganic chlorides

The method, as specified, is applicable when the required limit is not greater than 0,05 % and not less than 0,0005 %. If the required limit lies outside that range, the mass of the test portion should be changed. The principle of the test consists in comparison of the turbidity obtained by the addition of silver nitrate solution to a solution of the sample, in the presence of nitric acid, with that similary produced from a chloride solution of known concentration.

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ISO
ISO 2228:1972(Main)
Formaldehyde solutions for industrial use - Determination of methanol content

The results obtained by this method will include the methanol freed from combined forms. These are however not usually present at higher levels to effect the results. The principle consists in esterfication of the methanol present with formic acid using sulphuric acid as a catalyst. Distillation of the methyl formate into sodium hydroxide solution and back-titration of the excess sodium hydroxide with a standard volumetric sulphuric acid solution, using phenolphthalein as indicator. This method is intended for methanol contents greater than 0,2 %.

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