CEN/TC 336/WG 2 - Emulsions and fluxed bitumens

This document specifies a method for the determination of the breaking and immediate adhesivity behaviour of cationic bituminous emulsions in contact with aggregate. The method applies to emulsions used for surface dressing and similar applications and can be used for formulation as well as for production control purposes.
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for measuring the pH value of bituminous emulsions.
It is applicable to anionic, cationic bituminous emulsions and bituminous emulsions prepared by means of non-ionic surfactant.
NOTE   In certain circumstances, the pH value can provide an indication of the ionic character of a bituminous emulsion when confirmed by a particle polarity test conforming to EN 1430 [1].
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the settling tendency of bituminous emulsions.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the efflux time at 25 °C of petroleum cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders in seconds using an efflux viscometer. Alternative test temperatures are 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C.
WARNING - The use of this document involves hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the efflux time at 40 °C of bituminous emulsions in seconds using an efflux viscometer. Alternative test temperature is 50 °C.
NOTE   The procedure described in this document can also be followed to determine efflux time at other temperatures such as 25 °C.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for determining the adhesion of a bituminous emulsion coated onto aggregate when immersed in water.
The method considers two different aspects of adhesivity, i.e. immediate adhesivity and water effect on binder adhesion.
The method may be used with a reference aggregate. In that case, it measures the intrinsic adhesion behaviour of a bituminous emulsion. The method may also be used with a specific aggregate as used on a job site.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document describes a method for the determination of the free acidic constituents present in bitumen, conventionally known as acid number.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document describes a method for determination of the salt content in bitumen, conventionally expressed in mg of sodium chloride (noted NaCl as from this point of this document) per kg of bitumen. This method is valid for "equivalent NaCl contents" between 20 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the distillation characteristics of cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders made with mineral fluxes.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the recovery of binder from a bituminous emulsion or from a cut-back or fluxed bitumen after conditioning at ambient temperature for 24 h followed by 24 h at 50 °C, in such a way that will enable further testing with minimum changes of the binder characteristics.
It applies to all types of bituminous emulsions, modified with polymers or non-modified, as well as to all types of cut-back and fluxed bitumen, both modified with polymers and non-modified.
For cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders, this test method is only an intermediate step and should be followed by the stabilisation procedure specified by EN 13074-2. Direct testing of the recovered binder is however used to evaluate the setting ability of fluxed bituminous binders made with vegetal fluxes.
NOTE   The recovered binder is not necessarily identical to the initial binder.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the stabilisation at 85 °C for 24 h of a binder after recovery from a bituminous emulsion or from a cut-back or fluxed bitumen for further testing.
It applies to all types of bituminous emulsions, modified with polymers or non-modified, and as well as to all types of cut-back and fluxed bitumen, both modified with polymers and non-modified.
The recovery test method is specified in EN 13074-1.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. The hazards associated with the use of this method have been assessed using cut-back bitumen containing 10 % kerosene and 90 % 160/220 penetration grade bitumen and were found low enough to be acceptable. However it is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the quantitative determination of residual binder and oil distillate in bituminous emulsions.
The method can also be used to obtain residue and oil distillate for further testing.
NOTE   The properties of the material recovered in the test are not necessarily the same as those of the original materials from which the emulsion was produced, especially for polymer modified bitumens, cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders.
WARNING - The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for measuring the cohesion of bituminous binders for surface dressing application at temperatures in the range of (- 10 oC) to (+ 80 °C) and for expressing the relationship between cohesion and temperature.
This method is applicable for pure bitumen, modified bitumen and fluxed bitumen; in the case of fluxed bitumen, the test can be performed on the binder containing fluxant or on binder from which the solvent has been removed. For bitumen emulsions, the test is carried out on the residual binder obtained after recovery and the method used to recover the binder should be reported.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the fines mixing time of diluted cationic bituminous emulsions, under standardized conditions.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the breaking value of cationic bituminous emulsions.
WARNING  The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the adhesivity of cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders coated onto aggregate when immersed in water.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For environmental reasons and to reduce emissions to air, water and soil, it is recommended to limit the use of products, solvents and energy to the minimum required for a valid test result.

This European Standard specifies a quick method for determining, by evaporation, the water content of bituminous road emulsions, with or without polymer added.
For bituminous emulsions without flux oil, bituminous emulsions containing vegetal flux oil, and bituminous emulsions containing up to 1,5 % mass of mineral flux oil in the emulsion, this European Standard, according to the selected operating conditions, is considered as an alternative method to the reference method EN 1428 [1].
Above a mineral flux oil content of 1,5 % by mass, depending on the volatility of the flux oil:
-   the present method can be used up to a flux oil content above 1,5 % by mass if the user can prove its reliability in comparison to EN 1428.
-   the present method can only be used by correcting the result by means of a previously established correlation with the reference method EN 1428.
NOTE   Polymer modified emulsions can behave differently in the test than unmodified emulsions; in case of doubt, the method is checked against EN 1428.
In case of dispute, the water content should be determined according to EN 1428.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For environmental reasons and to reduce emissions to air, water and soil, it is recommended to limit the use of products, solvents and energy to the minimum required for a valid test result.

This European Standard provides a framework for specifying cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders which are suitable for the use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas.
This European Standard applies to un-modified and polymer modified bituminous cut-back and fluxed materials.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for performance characteristics of cationic bituminous emulsion classes which are suitable for use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas.
This European Standard applies to emulsions of bitumen, or of fluxed bitumen, or of cut back bitumen and to emulsions of polymer modified bitumen, or of polymer modified fluxed bitumen, or of polymer modified cut-back bitumen, which also includes latex modified bituminous emulsions.
Within Europe several types of cationic bituminous emulsions are used. Depending on traditional practices, different binder contents may be used for the same purpose. When designing a specification for a particular application, care should be taken to make class selections which are compatible and realistic.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (m/m)” is used to represent the mass fraction.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the efflux time (in seconds) of a bituminous emulsion at 85 °C using the Redwood No. II Viscometer.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies methods utilising sieving for the determination of the quantity of coarse particles of binder present in bitumen emulsions, and for the determination of storage stability.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the water content in bituminous emulsions by means of distillation.
WARNING - The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of mixing stability of bitumen emulsions with cement. It applies to overstabilized cationic bitumen emulsions and to slow-setting and overstabilized anionic bitumen emulsions.
WARNING — The use of this standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the penetration power of bituminous emulsions.
This test method is applicable to low-viscosity bituminous emulsions.
WARNING — The use of this standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the particle polarity of bituminous emulsions.
WARNING — The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the adhesivity of cut-back or fluxed bituminous binders coated onto aggregate when immersed in water.
The method can be used with a reference aggregate. In that case, it measures the intrinsic adhesion behaviour of a cut-back and fluxed bituminous binder. The method can also be used with a specific aggregate as used on a job site.
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For environmental reasons and to reduce emissions to air, water and soil, it is recommended to limit the use of products, solvents and energy to the minimum required for a valid test result.

This EN specifies a method for determining the tensile properties of a bituminous binder, in particular those of polymer-modified bitumens by means of a force ductility test.

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of the breaking and immediate adhesivity behaviour of cationic bituminous emulsions in contact with an aggregate. The method applies to emulsions used for surface dressing applications and can be used for formulation and production control purposes.
WARNING The use of this Technical Specification may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This Technical Specification does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this Technical Specification to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the efflux time at 25 °C of petroleum cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders in seconds using an efflux viscometer. Alternative test temperatures are 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the efflux time at 40 °C of bituminous emulsions in seconds using an efflux viscometer. Alternative test temperature is 50 °C.
NOTE   The procedure described in this standard may also be followed to determine efflux time at other temperatures such as for instance 25 °C.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the settling tendency of bituminous emulsions.
WARNING — The use of this standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for measuring the pH value of bituminous emulsions.
It is applicable to anionic, cationic and non-ionic bitumen emulsions.
NOTE   In certain circumstances, the pH value can provide an indication of the ionic character of a bitumen emulsion. However, this indication should be confirmed by a particle polarity test conforming to EN 1430 [1].
WARNING — The use of this standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the adhesion of a bituminous emulsion coated onto aggregate when immersed in water.
The method considers two different aspects of adhesivity, i.e. immediate adhesivity and water effect on binder adhesion.
The method may be used with a reference aggregate. In that case, it measures the intrinsic adhesion behaviour of a bituminous emulsion. The method may also be used with a specific aggregate as used on a job site.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the distillation characteristics of cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders made with mineral fluxes.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the recovery of binder from a bituminous emulsion or from a cut-back or fluxed bitumen after conditioning at ambient temperature for 24 h followed by 24 h at 50 °C, in such a way that will enable further testing with minimum changes of the binder characteristics.
It applies to all types of bituminous emulsions, modified with polymers or non-modified, as well as to all types of cut-back and fluxed bitumens, both modified with polymers and non-modified.
For cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders, this test method is only an intermediate step and should be followed by the stabilisation procedure specified by EN 13074-2. Direct testing of the recovered binder is however used to evaluate the setting ability of fluxed bituminous binders made with vegetal fluxes.
NOTE   The recovered binder is not necessarily identical to the initial binder.
WARNING — The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. The hazards associated with the use of this method have been assessed using cut-back bitumen containing 10 % kerosene and 90 % 160/220 penetration grade bitumen and were found low enough to be acceptable. However it is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the stabilisation at 85 °C for 24 h of a binder after recovery from a bituminous emulsion or from a cut-back or fluxed bitumen for further testing.
It applies to all types of bituminous emulsions, modified with polymers or non-modified, and as well as to all types of cut-back and fluxed bitumens, both modified with polymers and non-modified.
The recovery test method is specified in EN 13074-1.
WARNING - The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. The hazards associated with the use of this method have been assessed using cut-back bitumen containing 10 % kerosene and 90 % 160/220 penetration grade bitumen and were found low enough to be acceptable. However it is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the quantitative determination of residual binder and oil distillate in bituminous emulsions.
The method can also be used to obtain residue and oil distillate for further testing.
NOTE   The properties of the material recovered in the test are not necessarily the same as those of the original materials from which the emulsion was produced, especially for polymer modified bitumens.
WARNING — The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the fines mixing time of diluted cationic bituminous emulsions, under standardized conditions.
WARNING — The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the breaking value of cationic bituminous emulsions.
WARNING - The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the adhesivity of cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders coated onto aggregate when immersed in water.
WARNING — The use of this document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies methods utilizing sieving for the determination of the quantity of coarse particles of binder present in bitumen emulsions, and for the determination of storage stability.
WARNING — The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies Factory Production Control (FPC) requirements for use by the manufacturers of
bituminous emulsions, cut-back and fluxed binders.
This European Standard is applicable to the control of bituminous binders where the constituents and composition
are known, having been derived from a prescriptive specification or from the Initial Type Test (ITT) procedure for
demonstration of performance related properties described in the appropriate product standard or from a European
Technical Approval.
NOTE 1 Factory Production Control is a requirement of all harmonised elements of harmonised European Standards and
European Technical Approvals for bituminous binders if the CE mark of conformity is to be affixed. The system can also be
applied to non-harmonised elements and to situations where CE marking is not mandatory.
NOTE 2 Regulated properties of the products are involved in this document.

This document provides a framework for specifying cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders which are suitable for the use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas.
This document applies to un-modified and polymer modified bituminous cut-back and fluxed materials.

This document specifies the requirements for performance characteristics of cationic bituminous emulsion classes which are suitable for use in the construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other paved areas.
This document applies to emulsions of pure bitumen, or of fluxed bitumen, or of cut back bitumen and to emulsions of polymer modified bitumen, or of polymer modified fluxed bitumen, or of polymer modified cut-back bitumen, which also includes latex modified bituminous emulsions.
   NOTE 1   Within Europe several types of cationic bituminous emulsions are used. Depending on traditional practices, different binder contents may be used for the same purpose.
The framework for specifying cationic bituminous emulsions in this document provides a basis for quality agreements between suppliers and clients. Care should be taken to make class selections which are compatible and realistic.
   NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the term "% (m/m)" is used to represent the ratio mass to mass.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the breaking value of cationic bituminous emulsions.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the adhesion of a cationic bitumen emulsion coated onto aggregate when immersed in water.
WARNING. The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the efflux time (pseudoviscosity) of petroleum cut-back bitumen in arbitrary units using an efflux viscometer.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the efflux time of bitumen emulsions.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the term "% (m/m)" is used to represent the mass fraction.
WARNING - The use of this standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a method for the recovery of binder from bitumen emulsions in a manner that will permit further testing with minimum changing the characteristics of the binder.
NOTE   The binder recovered may not be identical to the original.
WARNING - The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies Factory Production Control (FPC) requirements for use by the manufacturers of bituminous emulsions, cut-back and fluxed binders.
This European Standard is applicable to the control of bituminous binders where the constituents and composition are known, having been derived from a prescriptive specification or from the Initial Type Test (ITT) procedure for demonstration of performance related properties described in the appropriate product standard or from a European Technical Approval.
NOTE 1      Factory Production Control is a requirement of all harmonised elements of harmonised European Standards and European Technical Approvals for bituminous binders if the CE mark of conformity is to be affixed. The system can also be applied to non-harmonised elements and to situations where CE marking is not mandatory.
NOTE 2      Regulated properties of the products are involved in this document.