CEN/TC 150/WG 11 - Investigation into the lateral and general stability of industrial trucks covered by standards EN 1726-1 and EN 1459

This document specifies safety requirements and the means for their verification for driverless industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks) and their systems.
Examples of driverless industrial trucks (trucks as defined in ISO 5053‑1:2020) include: “automated guided vehicle”, “autonomous mobile robot”, “bots”, “automated guided cart”, “tunnel tugger”, “under cart”, etc.
This document is also applicable to driverless industrial trucks which are provided with:
—    automatic modes which either require operators’ action(s) to initiate or enable such automatic operations;
—    the capability to transport one or more riders (which are neither considered as drivers nor as operators);
—    additional manual modes which allow operators to operate the truck manually; or
—    a maintenance mode which allows manual operation of truck functions for maintenance reasons.
This document is not applicable to trucks solely guided by mechanical means (rails, guides, etc.) or to remotely-controlled trucks, which are not considered to be driverless trucks.
For the purposes of this document, a driverless industrial truck is a powered truck, which is designed to operate automatically. A driverless truck system comprises the control system, which can be part of the truck and/or separate from it, guidance means and power system. Requirements for power sources are not covered in this document.
The condition of the operating zone has a significant effect on the safe operation of the driverless industrial truck. The preparations of the operating zone to eliminate the associated hazards are specified in Annex A.
This document is applicable to all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events during all phases of the life of the truck (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), as listed in Annex B, relevant to the applicable machines when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
In particular, this document does not apply to significant hazards related to:
—    noise;
—    vibrations;
—    ionising and non-ionising radiation;
—    laser radiation;
—    sales literature (commercial documents);
—    declaration of vibrations transmitted by mobile machinery.
It does not apply to additional hazards that can occur:
—    during operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, strong magnetic fields);
—    during operation in nuclear environments;
—    from trucks intended to operate in public zones (see in particular ISO 13482:2014);
—    during operation on a public road;
—    during operation in potentially explosive environments;
—    during operation in military applications;
—    during operation with specific hygienic requirements;
—    during operation in ionizing radiation environments;
—    during the transportation of (a) person(s) other than (the) intended rider(s);
—    when handling loads the nature of which can lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metals, acids/bases, radiating materials);
—    for rider positions with elevation function higher than 1 200 mm from the floor/ground to the platform floor.
This document does not contain safety requirements for trailer(s) being towed behind a truck.
This document does not contain safety requirements for elevated operator trucks.
This document does not apply to trucks manufactured before the date of its publication.

2021-07-26 JF: Through decision 429/2021 taken on 2021-07-08, TC decided to decouple the WI from the EU legislation

This document gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for self-propelled industrial variable-reach trucks and variable-reach container handlers/reach stackers as defined in ISO 5053‑1 (hereafter referred to as trucks), equipped with forks or integral load-handling devices for normal industrial duties (e.g. fork arms or means, such as spreaders, for handling containers).
This document does not apply to:
—    rough-terrain variable-reach trucks,
—    rough-terrain variable-reach trucks for handling containers,
—    lorry mounted trucks covered by ISO 20297-1,
—    machines designed primarily for earth-moving (e.g. loaders and dozers), even when their buckets and blades are replaced with forks,
—    machines from which the load can swing freely in all directions.
This document is not applicable to trucks manufactured before the date of its publication.
For the purposes of this document, fork arms and integrated attachments are considered to be a part of the truck, whereas attachments/equipment/tools mounted on the load carrier or on the fork arms which are removable by the user are not. Nevertheless, for interchangeable equipment, which is assembled with the truck by the operator in order to change the function of, or attribute a new function to, the truck, this document does provide requirements for:
—    the interface with the truck,
—    protection of the operator in the normal operating position from crushing and shearing hazards,
—    operating and maintenance instructions,
—    load charts,
—    marking,
—    provision for transportation, and,
—    indicator lights for attachments for lifting containers
Any regional requirements additional to the provisions of this document are addressed in EN 16307-2:2023 and ISO/TS 3691‑8.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events, as listed in Annex B, with the exception of the following, relevant to the applicable machines when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
It does not establish requirements for hazards that can occur:
—    during construction;
—    when using trucks on public roads;
—    when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres;
—    when lifting persons; or
—    during dismantling, disabling and scrapping.
This document does not provide requirements for:
—    tools, lifting accessories or removeable attachments, which do not change the function or attribute a new function, mounted on the load carrier or fork arms;
—    attachments/equipment mounted on the load carrier or on the fork arms which are removable by the user and which change the function or attribute a new function, except as stated above;
—    the reliability of control systems and performance requirements for safety related parts of control systems; or
—    the requirement for fitting an enclosed cab, whether pressurized or not.

This document specifies requirements for the types of industrial trucks specified in the scope of EN ISO 3691-2:2023.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN ISO 3691 2:2023. These requirements are supplementary to those stated in EN ISO 3691-2:2023.
This document deals with the following supplementary requirements and significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant, when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer:
-   electrical requirements;
-   noise emissions;
-   vibration;
-   electromagnetic radiation.
This document specifies supplementary requirements to EN ISO 3691-2:2023:
-   operator's seat;
-   protection against crushing, shearing and trapping;
-   longitudinal stability determination;
-   visibility;
-   information for use (instruction handbook and marking).
Annex A (informative) contains the list of significant hazards covered by this document.

This document specifies requirements for the types of industrial trucks specified in the scope of EN ISO 3691-3:2016.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN ISO 3691-3:2016. These requirements are supplementary to those stated in EN ISO 3691-3:2016.
This document deals with the following significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer:
-   acceleration, deceleration (kinetic energy);
-   machinery mobility.
This document specifies supplementary requirements to EN ISO 3691-1:2015, EN ISO 3691-3:2016 and EN 16307-1:2020:
-   brakes operation without guidance system;
-   operator fall protection;
-   information for use (instruction handbook and marking).
Annex A (informative) contains the list of significant hazards covered by this document.

This document gives safety requirements and the means for their verification for self-propelled carriers designed for carrying burdens without lifting, as defined in ISO 5053‑1:2020, and/or personnel carriers, having three or more wheels, a maximum speed not exceeding 56 km/h and a load capacity not exceeding 5 000 kg (hereafter referred to as carriers or trucks).
This document is applicable to trucks equipped with a platform (which can be tilting) for the purpose of carrying materials or with a number of seats for the purpose of transporting passengers.
It is not applicable to:
—    vehicles intended primarily for earth-moving or over-the-road hauling;
—    driverless trucks;
—    pedestrian controlled trucks;
—    golf cars;
—    tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N equipped with a platform for the purpose of carrying materials.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events, as listed in Annex A, relevant to the applicable machines when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
This document does not deal with hazard due to the risk of break-up during operation.
It does not establish requirements for hazards that can occur when using trucks on public roads or when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres.
It does not establish requirements to provide fire extinguishers.
Regional requirements, additional to the requirements given in this document, are addressed in EN 16307‑6:2014 and ISO/TS 3691‑8:2019.

This document gives requirements for the types of industrial trucks specified in the scope of EN ISO 3691-1.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN ISO 3691-1. These requirements are supplementary to those stated in EN ISO 3691-1 with the addition of hazards, which can occur when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres.
This document covers the following requirements:
-   electrical requirements;
-   noise emissions;
-   vibration;
-   visibility;
-   electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
This Edocument defines supplementary requirements to EN ISO 3691-1:
-   travel speed;
-   brakes;
-   travel and breaking controls - Additional operation from alongside pedestrian-controlled and stand-on trucks;
-   lift chains;
-   mast tilt and carriage isolation;
-   operator's seat;
-   operator restraint device;
-   protection against crushing, shearing and trapping;
-   information for use (instruction handbook and marking).
Annex A (informative) contains the list of significant hazards covered by this document.

This document specifies the tests for the verification of restraint systems against the risk of lateral ejection of the operator for:
-   counterbalanced lift trucks with centre control, sit down and non-elevating operator position (see EN ISO 3691 1:2015, 4.7.8), with a rated capacity up to and including 10 000 kg;
-   tractors as defined in EN 12312 15 (airport ground equipment);
-   burden carriers (as defined in ISO 5053-1:2015, 3.25) with a maximum speed of more than 25 km/h with seated operator;
-   other types of industrial trucks equipped with such a restraint system.
Counterblanced lift trucks, tractors and burden carriers are named hereafter as trucks.
Note 1   Industrial tractors as defined in ISO 5053-1 do not need a restraint system in general.
This document describes type tests for a specific combination of truck and restraint system.
This standard does not cover:
-   the risk due to frontal ejection;
-   the monitoring of the protective position of the operator restraint system as defined in prEN 16307 1:2018, 4.16;
-   the testing of seat belts.
Note 2   The testing of sealt belts is covered by ISO 24135 1.
The document is not applicable for the retrofit of trucks with restraint systems.
This document does not give any requirements on the need for a restraint system.

ISO 3691-3:2016 gives safety requirements and the means for their verification, additional to those of ISO 3691‑1, for industrial trucks with a vertical, non-tilting mast:
a)    those trucks having an elevating operator position, and order‑picking trucks, as defined in ISO 5053‑1, where the elevating operator position and the load‑handling device lifts to a height of more than 1 200 mm above ground level;
b)    lateral- and front-stacking trucks, as defined in ISO 5053‑1, designed to travel with a load-handling device elevated more than 1 200 mm above ground level, with the load-handling device elevated, lowered or laterally displaced, laden or unladen, while the truck is travelling.
These trucks are designed to travel indoors on a smooth, level surface (e.g. concrete) and can be guided, unguided, or both, when in use; they are not intended to tow or push.
ISO 3691-3:2016 is not applicable to stacker trucks which handle two loads, one on the forks and the other on the support arms, this type of truck being covered by ISO 3691‑1.
It is not applicable to trucks with an elevating operator position up to and including 1 200 mm, or to trucks specifically designed to travel with an elevated load having a fork height up to and including 1 200 mm above ground level.
It is not applicable to low-level order pickers with elevating operator's position up to and including 1 200 mm lift height which can be equipped with an additional load lifting device having a maximum lift height of 1 800 mm from ground level.
ISO 3691-3:2016 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations, or hazardous events, as listed in Annex A, relevant to the applicable machines when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
It does not establish requirements for hazards that can occur when using trucks on public roads or when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres.
Regional requirements, additional to the requirements given in this part of ISO 3691, are addressed in ISO/TS 3691‑7 and ISO/TS 3691‑8.

This European Standard specifies dynamic tests for the verification of lateral stability for counterbalanced lift trucks according to EN ISO 3691 1 that have a centre control, sit down, non-elevating operator, with a rated capacity up to and including 5 000 kg when travelling on smooth level ground with the forks in travelling position. The standard is not applicable for Rough Terrain forklift trucks.
NOTE 1   Experience shows that counterbalanced lift trucks with a rated capacity over 5 000 kg are not significantly affected by lateral instability.
The requirements are specific to the various drive systems (e.g. Electric-/Internal-Combustion-Engine trucks), taking account of their varying influence on dynamic stability performance.
This European Standard does not cover the risk of a lateral tip over associated with driving backwards.
NOTE 2   Research has shown that driving backwards in typical working operations, such as unloading of a lorry, does not cause lateral instability. For this reason, only driving forward needs to be tested.
Risks due to falling off a loading dock or turning on a ramp are not covered by this European Standard.
Risks due to lifting or manoeuvring operations are covered by the respective stability tests.

2022-04-01 - ISO cancelled ballot.  New DIS text will be provided by committee.

This document specifies safety requirements and the means for their verification for driverless industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks) and their systems.
Examples of driverless industrial trucks (trucks of ISO 5053-1) can also be known as: "automated guided vehicle", "autonomous mobile robot", "bots", "automated guided cart", "tunnel tugger", "under cart", etc.
This document also contains requirements for driverless industrial trucks which are provided with:
— automatic modes which either require operators' action(s) to initiate or enable such automatic operations;
— the capability to transport one or more riders (which are neither considered as drivers nor as operators);
— additional manual modes which allow operators to operate the truck manually; or
— a maintenance mode which allows manual operation of truck functions for maintenance reasons.
It is not applicable to trucks solely guided by mechanical means (rails, guides, etc.) or to remotely controlled trucks, which are not considered to be driverless trucks.
For the purposes of this document, a driverless industrial truck is a powered truck, which is designed to operate automatically. A driverless truck system comprises the control system, which can be part of the truck and/or separate from it, guidance means and power system. Requirements for power sources are not covered in this document.
The condition of the operating zone has a significant effect on the safe operation of the driverless industrial truck. The preparations of the operating zone to eliminate the associated hazards are specified in Annex A.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events during all phases of the life of the truck (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), as listed in Annex B, relevant to the applicable machines when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
It does not give requirements for additional hazards that can occur:
— during operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, strong magnetic fields);
— during operation in nuclear environments;
— from trucks intended to operate in public zones (in particular ISO 13482);
— during operation on a public road;
— during operation in potentially explosive environments;
— during operation in military applications;
— during operation with specific hygienic requirements;
— during operation in ionizing radiation environments;
— during the transportation of (a) person(s) other than (the) intended rider(s);
— when handling loads the nature of which can lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metals, acids/bases, radiating materials);
— for rider positions with elevation function higher than 1 200 mm from the floor/ground to the platform floor.
This document does not contain safety requirements for trailer(s) being towed behind a truck.
This document does not contain safety requirements for elevated operator trucks.
This document is not applicable to trucks manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document gives requirements for the types of industrial trucks specified in the scope of EN ISO 3691 2:2016.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN ISO 3691 2:2016. These requirements are supplementary to those stated in EN ISO 3691 2:2016.
This document deals with the following significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant, when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer:
-   electrical requirements;
-   noise emissions;
-   vibration;
-   electromagnetic radiation.
This document defines supplementary requirements to EN ISO 3691 2:2016:
-   operator's seat;
-   protection against crushing, shearing and trapping;
-   longitudinal stability determination;
-   visibility;
-   information for use (instruction handbook and marking).
Annex A (informative) contains the list of significant hazards covered by this document.

This document gives requirements for the types of industrial trucks specified in the scope of EN ISO 3691 2:2016.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN ISO 3691 2:2016. These requirements are supplementary to those stated in EN ISO 3691 2:2016.
This document deals with the following significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant, when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer:
-   electrical requirements;
-   noise emissions;
-   vibration;
-   electromagnetic radiation.
This document defines supplementary requirements to EN ISO 3691 2:2016:
-   operator's seat;
-   protection against crushing, shearing and trapping;
-   longitudinal stability determination;
-   visibility;
-   information for use (instruction handbook and marking).
Annex A (informative) contains the list of significant hazards covered by this document.

2013-02-26 EMA: WI deleted due to cancellation of equivalent ISO Project.
2011-04-27: Reference to 00150052 is to be made in the foreword. TC will deliver the text to be used following BT approval.
2010-10-12: According to TC secretary, EN 1459:1998 is not revised by the future EN ISOs 3691 and  EN 1726-1:1998 is only revised by EN ISO 3691-1, not the other parts.
Results from the splitting of ISO 3691 (WI 022) at ISO level (NT/030206).