SIST EN 12198-1:2001+A1:2008
(Main)Safety of machinery - Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery - Part 1: General principles
Safety of machinery - Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery - Part 1: General principles
This standard deals with the emission of radiation from machinery. This European Standard gives advice to manufacturers for the construction of safe machinery, if no relevant C-type standard exists. This radiation emission may be functional for processing or may be undesirable.
The issues of electromagnetic compatibility are not addressed in the standard.
This European Standard is intended to give advice to C-type standardization groups, on how to identify radiation emissions or fields , how to determine their significance and intensity, how to assess the possible risks and what means may be used to avoid or reduce radiation emissions. This advice should be elaborated in C-type standards for specific classes of machines as assessable requirements.
This standard deals with the emission of all types of electromagnetic non-ionizing radiation.
Ionizing radiation may be dealt with in other documents or in the future revisions.
This standard does not deal with the emission of laser radiation.
Radiation sources fixed to a machine which are used only for lighting are excluded from the scope of this standard.
This standard applies to machinery as defined in clause 3.1 of EN 292-1:1991.
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Bewertung und Verminderung des Risikos der von Maschinen emittierten Strahlung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Leitsätze
Die vorliegende Norm behandelt die von Maschinen ausgehende Strahlenemission. Die vorliegende
Europäische Norm berät Hersteller beim Bau von sicheren Maschinen, wenn keine zutreffende Norm vom
Typ C vorhanden ist. Diese Strahlenemission kann bei der Verfahrenstechnik funktional oder unerwünscht
sein.
Die Probleme der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit werden in der Norm nicht angesprochen.
Die vorliegende Europäische Norm ist dafür vorgesehen, Normungsgruppen für Normen vom Typ C zu
beraten, wie Strahlenemissionen und -felder1) zu kennzeichnen sind, wie über die Bedeutung und Intensität
zu entscheiden ist, wie die möglichen Risiken zu beurteilen sind und welche Mittel verwendet werden können,
um die Strahlenemissionen zu vermindern oder zu vermeiden. Dieser Ratschlag sollte in Normen des Typs C
für besondere Maschinenklassen mit beurteilungsfähigen Anforderungen erarbeitet werden.
Die vorliegende Norm gilt für die Emission aller Arten von elektromagnetischer nicht ionisierender Strahlung.
Mit ionisierender Strahlung können sich andere Dokumente oder zukünftige Überarbeitungen beschäftigen.
Die vorliegende Norm gilt nicht für die Emission von Laserstrahlen.
Strahlungsquellen, die an einer Maschine angebracht sind und nur für die Beleuchtung verwendet werden,
sind vom Anwendungsbereich der vorliegenden Norm ausgeschlossen.
Die vorliegende Norm gilt für Maschinen nach EN 292-1:1991, 3.1.
Sécurité des machines - Estimation et réduction des risques engendrés par les rayonnements émis par les machines - Partie 1: Principes généraux
Varnost strojev - Ocenjevanje in zmanjševanje nevarnosti sevanj, ki jih oddajajo stroji - 1. del: Splošna načela
General Information
Relations
Overview
EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 - Safety of machinery: Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery - Part 1: General principles (CEN) provides manufacturers and standards committees with general principles to identify, assess and reduce risks from radiation emitted by machinery. It addresses all types of electromagnetic non‑ionizing radiation (electric/magnetic fields, radio frequency, infrared, visible, ultraviolet) and sets out a risk‑based process for safe machine design when no specific C‑type standard exists. The standard excludes laser radiation, lighting fixtures fixed to machines, and does not cover electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
Key topics and requirements
- Scope & applicability
- Applies to machinery as defined in EN 292‑1 and supports the Machinery Directive essential requirements (see Annexes ZA/ZB).
- Covers radiation that is functional (needed for processing) or undesirable (leakage, stray fields).
- Radiation classification
- Classifies radiation by frequency/wavelength: extremely low/low frequency fields (f < 30 kHz), radio frequency (30 kHz < f < 300 GHz), infrared (λ 1 mm > λ > 780 nm), visible (780–380 nm), ultraviolet (380–100 nm).
- Risk assessment process
- Manufacturers must identify radiation sources, determine significance and intensity, and document trivial emissions.
- Where necessary, perform measurements or detailed predictions at all exposure points and consider all life‑cycle stages and foreseeable misuse.
- Designation & mitigation
- Assign a design radiation emission category for the machine (clause 7).
- Apply engineering and organizational measures to eliminate or reduce emissions to acceptable levels (clauses 8–10), then verify compliance (clause 9).
- Documentation & markings
- Provide information for use and maintenance, warnings, and marking as required (clauses 10–11).
Practical applications & users
- Who uses it: machine designers, manufacturers, conformity assessment bodies, C‑type standards committees, safety engineers, and compliance consultants working under the EU Machinery Directive.
- Typical uses: assessing exposure risks from industrial processing equipment (e.g., RF heaters, UV curing where not covered by laser standards), specifying emission limits in C‑type standards, designing guarding/attenuation, and preparing technical files for CE marking.
- Value: helps integrate radiation protection into machinery design, reduce occupational exposure, and provide a consistent basis for subsequent parts (measurement and mitigation).
Related standards
- EN 12198‑2:2002 - Radiation emission measurement procedure
- EN 12198‑3:2002 - Reduction of radiation by attenuation or screening
- EN 292‑1 / EN 292‑2, EN 1050, EN 1070 - foundational machinery safety and risk assessment documents
- EMC standards referenced where relevant (e.g., EN 50082‑1 / EN 61000‑6‑2)
Keywords: EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008, safety of machinery, radiation protection, non‑ionizing radiation, risk assessment, radiation emission measurement, Machinery Directive, emission categories.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Sicherheit von Maschinen - Bewertung und Verminderung des Risikos der von Maschinen emittierten Strahlung - Teil 1: Allgemeine LeitsätzeSécurité des machines - Estimation et réduction des risques engendrés par les rayonnements émis par les machines - Partie 1: Principes générauxSafety of machinery - Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery - Part 1: General principles13.280Varstvo pred sevanjemRadiation protection13.110Varnost strojevSafety of machineryICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008SIST EN 12198-1:2001+A1:2008en,de01-november-2008SIST EN 12198-1:2001+A1:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 12198-1:2000+A1
September 2008 ICS 13.110; 13.280 Supersedes EN 12198-1:2000English Version
Safety of machinery -Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery - Part 1: General principles Sécurité des machines - Estimation et réduction des risques engendrés par les rayonnements émis par les machines - Partie 1: Principes généraux
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Bewertung und Verminderung des Risikos der von Maschinen emittierten Strahlung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Leitsätze This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 May 2000 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 27 July 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels © 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008: ESIST EN 12198-1:2001+A1:2008
Stages in the "life" of a machine.16 Annex B (normative)
Correlation between the level of radiation emission and the radiation emission category.17 Annex C (informative)
Examples of measures for the elimination or reduction of exposure to radiation.25 Annex ZA (informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC".27 Annex ZB (informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC".28
1 In the rest of the present document, the generic term "radiation" covers either the different types of radiation emitted by a machine (i.e. optical radiation), or fields (i.e. electromagnetic and/or magnetic fields) or waves (i.e. electromagnetic waves). SIST EN 12198-1:2001+A1:2008
3.1 functional radiation emission emission of radiation by a machine needed for its function in the process area NOTE An example of functional radiation emission is a radiation beam used for thickness gauging. 3.2 undesirable radiation emission
all radiation emissions, other than functional radiation emissions emitted to any points outside the process area NOTE An example of an undesirable radiation emission is the leakage radiation from a printing machine, in which the printing inks are cured by ultraviolet radiation. 3.3 trivial radiation emission radiation emissions and fields, the intensity of which are so very low that cannot influence on the categorization of the machine, according to clause 7 3.4 accessible surface hypothetical surface, just enveloping the machine, from which the measurement points are located 4 Classification of radiation emissions 4.1 Classification of radiation by frequency and wavelength For the purposes of this standard, the classification of radiation by frequency and wavelength or energy is given in table 1. Table 1 — Classification of non ionization radiation Nature Type Frequency/ Wavelength Electric and/or magnetic fields Extremely low and low frequency 0 < f < 30 kHz Electromagnetic waves Radio frequency 30 kHz < f < 300 GHz Optical radiation Infrared 1 mm > λ > 780 nm Optical radiation Visible 780 nm > λ > 380 nm Optical radiation Ultra-violet 380 nm > λ > 100 nm f = frequency. λ = wavelength.
NOTE The above specified intervals of the frequency and wavelength of the radiation may be different in other documents dealing with radiation. SIST EN 12198-1:2001+A1:2008
For those risks which are related to the emission of radiation from a machine the procedure of risk assessment and risk reduction which shall be carried out by the manufacturer consists of: an assessment of the risks due to the emission of all types of radiation (see clause 6) ; application of appropriate measures for the elimination or reduction of the radiation emissions, in order to reach the emission requirements (see clauses 7 and 8) ; verification of compliance with the requirements of this standard (see clause 9). It may be reasonable to integrate the "verification" step into the "risk assessment" procedure (see 6.2). When specifying C-type-standards for particular machines or a group of machines, details of this procedure shall be included. SIST EN 12198-1:2001+A1:2008
0 no restriction no information needed
1 restrictions: limitation of access, protective measures may be needed Information about hazards, risks and secondary effects
2 special restrictions and protective measures essential Information about hazards, risks and secondary effects ; training may be necessary The assignment of radiation emission category shall be done for the setting, operation and cleaning phases of the use of the machine. This shall be done for all types of radiation emissions. The manufacturer shall take into account that the radiation emissions may vary with changing environmental or operating conditions and duty cycles of the machine. The overall category for the machine is that with the highest number of the categories determined for all different types of radiation emission during the setting, operation and cleaning phases of the use of the machine. SIST EN 12198-1:2001+A1:2008
7.2.2 Undesirable radiation emission Undesirable emissions of radiation from the machine should be avoided.
If undesirable emissions of radiation from the machine cannot be avoided, they should not exceed the values, which correspond to category 0 according to clause 7.1. If undesirable emissions of radiation from the machine exceed the values which correspond to category 0 appropriate protective measures shall be applied (see clauses 8 and 10). NOTE C-type standard groups may restrict their particular type of machine to categories 0 or 1. 8 Protective measures for the elimination or reduction of the risks due to radiation emission 8.1 Principles The following requirements have to be fulfilled simultaneously. in the process area, the functional radiation emission shall be established at the lowest level which is sufficient for the proper function of the machine during the different phases of use ; in the oth
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Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 12198-1:2001+A1:2008 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Safety of machinery - Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery - Part 1: General principles". This standard covers: This standard deals with the emission of radiation from machinery. This European Standard gives advice to manufacturers for the construction of safe machinery, if no relevant C-type standard exists. This radiation emission may be functional for processing or may be undesirable. The issues of electromagnetic compatibility are not addressed in the standard. This European Standard is intended to give advice to C-type standardization groups, on how to identify radiation emissions or fields , how to determine their significance and intensity, how to assess the possible risks and what means may be used to avoid or reduce radiation emissions. This advice should be elaborated in C-type standards for specific classes of machines as assessable requirements. This standard deals with the emission of all types of electromagnetic non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation may be dealt with in other documents or in the future revisions. This standard does not deal with the emission of laser radiation. Radiation sources fixed to a machine which are used only for lighting are excluded from the scope of this standard. This standard applies to machinery as defined in clause 3.1 of EN 292-1:1991.
This standard deals with the emission of radiation from machinery. This European Standard gives advice to manufacturers for the construction of safe machinery, if no relevant C-type standard exists. This radiation emission may be functional for processing or may be undesirable. The issues of electromagnetic compatibility are not addressed in the standard. This European Standard is intended to give advice to C-type standardization groups, on how to identify radiation emissions or fields , how to determine their significance and intensity, how to assess the possible risks and what means may be used to avoid or reduce radiation emissions. This advice should be elaborated in C-type standards for specific classes of machines as assessable requirements. This standard deals with the emission of all types of electromagnetic non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation may be dealt with in other documents or in the future revisions. This standard does not deal with the emission of laser radiation. Radiation sources fixed to a machine which are used only for lighting are excluded from the scope of this standard. This standard applies to machinery as defined in clause 3.1 of EN 292-1:1991.
SIST EN 12198-1:2001+A1:2008 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.110 - Safety of machinery; 13.280 - Radiation protection. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 12198-1:2001+A1:2008 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 12198-1:2001. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
SIST EN 12198-1:2001+A1:2008 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2006/42/EC, 98/37/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/079, M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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