SIST EN ISO 19136-1:2020

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 19136-1:2018
01-oktober-2018
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Geographic information - Geography Markup Language (GML) - Part 1: Fundamentals
Geoinformation - Geography Markup Language (GML) (ISO 19136:2007); Englische
Fassung EN ISO 19136:2009
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 19136-1
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.060 Jeziki, ki se uporabljajo v Languages used in
informacijski tehniki in information technology
tehnologiji
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
oSIST prEN ISO 19136-1:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 19136-1:2018

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oSIST prEN ISO 19136-1:2018
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 19136-1
ISO/TC 211 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2018-08-14 2018-11-06
Geographic information — Geography Markup Language
(GML) —
Part 1:
Fundamentals
Information géographique — Langage de balisage en géographie (GML) —
Partie 1: Titre manque
ICS: 35.240.70
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 19136-1:2018(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2018

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oSIST prEN ISO 19136-1:2018
ISO/DIS 19136-1:2018(E)

Warning
OGC official documents use a triple decimal-dot notation (i.e. MM.xx.ss). This document may be identified as
MM.xx (Major.minor) and may include increments to the third dot series (schema changes) without any
modification to this document, or the version displayed on the document. This means, for example, that a
document labelled with versions 1.1.0 and 1.1.1 or even 1.1.9 are exactly the same except for modifications to the
official schemas that are maintained and perpetually located at: http://schemas.opengis.net/. Note that
corrections to the document are registered via corrigendums. A corrigendum will change the base document and
notice will be given by appending a c# to the version (where # specifies the corrigendum number). In
corrigendums that correct both the schemas and the base document, the third triplet of the document version will
increment and the ‘c1’ or subsequent identifier will be appended, however the schemas will only increase the third
triplet of the version.
This document is an OGC Standard. Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments,
notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 19136-1:2018
ISO/DIS 19136-1:2018(E)



Warning
OGC official documents use a triple decimal-dot notation (i.e. MM.xx.ss). This document may be identified as
MM.xx (Major.minor) and may include increments to the third dot series (schema changes) without any
modification to this document, or the version displayed on the document. This means, for example, that a
document labelled with versions 1.1.0 and 1.1.1 or even 1.1.9 are exactly the same except for modifications to the
official schemas that are maintained and perpetually located at: http://schemas.opengis.net/. Note that
corrections to the document are registered via corrigendums. A corrigendum will change the base document and
notice will be given by appending a c# to the version (where # specifies the corrigendum number). In
corrigendums that correct both the schemas and the base document, the third triplet of the document version will
increment and the ‘c1’ or subsequent identifier will be appended, however the schemas will only increase the third
triplet of the version.

This document is an OGC Standard. Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments,
notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 19136-1:2018
ISO/DIS 19136-1:2018(E)
ISO 19136-1:2008
Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
2.1 Conformance requirements . 1
2.2 Conformance classes related to GML application schemas . 2
2.3 Conformance classes related to GML profiles . 2
2.4 Conformance classes related to GML documents . 4
2.5 Conformance classes related to software implementations . 4
3 Normative references . 4
4 Terms and symbols . 5
4.1 Terms and definitions. 5
4.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 13
5 Conventions . 14
5.1 XML namespaces . 14
5.2 Versioning . 14
5.3 Deprecated parts of previous versions of GML . 15
5.4 UML notation . 15
5.5 XML Schema . 16
6 Overview of the GML schema . 16
6.1 GML schema . 16
6.2 GML application schemas . 17
6.3 Relationship between the ISO 19100 series of International Standards, the GML schema and
GML application schemas . 18
6.4 Organization of this International Standard . 19
6.5 Deprecated and experimental schema components . 20
7 GML schema — General rules and base schema components . 20
7.1 GML model and syntax . 20
7.2 gmlBase schema components . 22
8 GML schema — Xlinks and basic types . 34
8.1 Xlinks — Object associations and remote properties . 34
8.2 Basic types . 35
9 GML schema — Features . 44
9.1 General concepts . 44
9.2 Relationship with ISO 19109 . 45
9.3 Features . 45
9.4 Standard feature properties . 45
9.5 Geometry properties . 47
9.6 Topology properties . 50
9.7 Temporal properties . 50
9.8 Defining application-specific feature types . 52
9.9 Feature collections . 52
9.10 Spatial reference system used in a feature or feature collection . 54
2 Copyright © 2007,2016 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

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10 GML schema — Geometric primitives . 54
10.1 General concepts . 54
10.2 Abstract geometric primitives . 61
10.3 Geometric primitives (0-dimensional) . 61
10.4 Geometric primitives (1-dimensional) . 62
10.5 Geometric primitives (2-dimensional) . 75
10.6 Geometric primitives (3-dimensional) . 85
11 GML schema — Geometric complex, geometric composites and geometric aggregates . 87
11.1 Overview . 87
11.2 Geometric complex and geometric composites . 88
11.3 Geometric aggregates . 91
12 GML schema — Coordinate reference systems schemas . 96
12.1 Overview . 96
12.2 Reference systems . 98
12.3 Coordinate reference systems . 100
12.4 Coordinate systems . 108
12.5 Datums . 116
12.6 Coordinate operations . 122
13 GML schema — Topology . 136
13.1 General concepts . 136
13.2 Abstract topology . 136
13.3 Topological primitives . 137
13.4 Topological collections . 141
13.5 Topology complex . 144
14 GML schema — Temporal information and dynamic features . 146
14.1 General concepts . 146
14.2 Temporal schema . 147
14.3 Temporal topology schema . 155
14.4 Temporal reference systems . 158
14.5 Representing dynamic features . 165
15 GML schema — Definitions and dictionaries . 170
15.1 Overview . 170
15.2 Dictionary schema . 170
16 GML schema — Units, measures and values . 173
16.1 Introduction . 173
16.2 Units schema . 173
16.3 Measures schema . 179
16.4 Value objects schema . 180
17 GML schema — Directions . 188
17.1 Direction schema . 188
17.2 direction, DirectionPropertyType. 188
17.3 DirectionVectorType . 188
17.4 DirectionDescriptionType . 189
18 GML schema — Observations . 190
18.1 Observations . 190
18.2 Observation schema . 190
19 GML schema — Coverages . 194
19.1 The coverage model and representations . 194
19.2 Grids schema . 198
19.3 Coverage schema . 201
Copyright © 2007,2016 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

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20 Profiles . 217
20.1 Profiles of GML and application schemas . 217
20.2 Definition of profile . 218
20.3 Relation to application schema . 218
20.4 Rules for elements and types in a profile. 218
20.5 Rules for referencing GML profiles from application schemas . 219
20.6 Recommendations for application schemas using GML profiles . 220
20.7 Summary of rules for GML profiles . 220
21 Rules for GML application schemas . 221
21.1 Instances of GML objects . 221
21.2 GML application schemas . 221
21.3 Schemas defining Features and Feature Collections . 224
21.4 Schemas defining spatial geometries . 225
21.5 Schemas defining spatial topologies . 227
21.6 Schemas defining time . 228
21.7 Schemas defining coordinate reference systems . 228
21.8 Schemas defining coverages . 229
21.9 Schemas defining observations . 231
21.10 Schemas defining dictionaries and definitions . 232
21.11 Schemas defining values . 233
21.12 GML profiles of the GML schema . 233
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suites for GML application schemas, GML profiles and GML
documents . 236
Annex B (normative) Abstract test suite for software implementations . 251
Annex C (informative) GML schema . 255
Annex D (normative)  Implemented Profile of the ISO 19100 series of International Standards and
Extensions . 257
Annex E (normative) UML-to-GML application schema encoding rules . 325
Annex F (normative) GML-to-UML application schema encoding rules . 347
Annex G (informative) Guidelines for subsetting the GML schema . 357
Annex H (informative) Default styling . 371
Annex I (informative) Backwards compatibility with earlier versions of GML . 383
Annex J (informative) Modularization and dependencies . 401
Bibliography . 403
Index . 405

4 Copyright © 2007,2016 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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oSIST prEN ISO 19136-1:2018
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ISO 19136-1:2008
Foreword
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
The OGC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Recipients of this document are requested to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent claims
or other intellectual property rights of which they may be aware that might be infringed by any implementation of the
standard set forth in this document, and to provide supporting documentation.
The Geography Markup Language (GML) was originally developed within the Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
(OGC). ISO 19136 was prepared by ISO/TC 211 jointly with the OGC.
This version is a corrigendum to GML 3.2.1 (ISO 19136:2007). It addresses the OGC Change Request 12-092
(gml:id attribute on LinearRing) by applying the following changes:
 the XML attribute gml:id in gml:AbstractGMLType has been made optional;
 the elements gml:AbstractRing and gml:Shell have been added to the substitutionGroups
gml:AbstractCurve and gml:AbstractSurface respectively;
 the types gml:AbstractRingType and gml:ShellType are now extended from base types
gml:AbstractCurveType and gml:AbstractSurfaceType respectively;
These changes correct inconsistencies with ISO 19107 without breaking the validity of instance documents created
using the GML 3.2.1 schema. I.e., all GML 3.2 instance documents that are valid against the GML 3.2.1 schema
are also valid against the GML 3.2.2 schema.
The corrected GML 3.2 schema is available at http://schemas.opengis.net/gml/3.2.1/. Note that the use of “3.2.1” in
the URL is unchanged since this version (3.2.2) is a corrigendum and the corrected schema replaces the GML 3.2.1
schema. Previous versions of the GML 3.2.1 schema are available at http://schemas.opengis.net/gml/gml-3_2_1.zip.
The change to the gml:id attribute reverts a change that has been made between GML 3.1.1 and GML 3.2.1.
Reverting this change also addresses comments raised by several communities since the release of GML 3.2.1 /
ISO 19136:2007.
As the correction relaxes a constraint in the XML schema, not all instance documents created based on the GML
3.2.2 schema will be valid against the GML 3.2.1 schema:
 all GML 3.2 instance documents that include a gml:id attribute on a ring or shell element are not valid
against the GML 3.2.1 schema;
 all GML 3.2 instance documents that include a feature, a spatial object or a temporal object without a gml:id
attribute are not valid against the GML 3.2.1 schema.
Local copies of the GML 3.2.1 schema documents have to be replaced by the GML 3.2.2 schema documents – or
be replaced by links to http://schemas.opengis.net/gml/3.2.1/gml.xsd.
This corrigendum also updates URIs – mainly in examples – where OGC policies have changed since the release
of GML 3.2.1 (location of the Xlink schema document, use of OGC HTTP URIs for coordinate reference systems).
As the corrigendum is currently not published by ISO, the reference to the normative schema documents in Annex
C now refers to the OGC schema repository.

Copyright © 2007,2016 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 5

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

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Introduction
Geography Markup Language is an XML grammar written in XML Schema for the description of application schemas
as well as the transport and storage of geographic information.
The key concepts used by Geography Markup Language (GML) to model the world are drawn from the ISO 19100
series of International Standards and the OpenGIS Abstract Specification.
A feature is an “abstraction of real world phenomena” (ISO 19101); it is a geographic feature if it is associated with
a location relative to the Earth. So a digital representation of the real world may be thought of as a set of features.
The state of a feature is defined by a set of properties, where each property may be thought of as a {name, type,
value} triple.
The number of properties a feature may have, together with their names and types, is determined by its type
definition. Geographic features with geometry are those with properties that may be geometry-valued. A feature
collection is a collection of features that may itself be regarded as a feature; as a consequence a feature collection
has a feature type and thus may have distinct properties of its own, in addition to the features it contains.
Following ISO 19109, the feature types of an application or application domain is usually captured in an application
schema. A GML application schema is specified in XML Schema and can be constructed in two different and
alternative ways:
 by adhering to the rules specified in ISO 19109 for application schemas in UML, and conforming to both the
constraints on such schemas and the rules for mapping them to GML application schemas specified in this
International Standard;
 by adhering to the rules for GML application schemas specified in this International Standard for creating a
GML
...