SIST EN IEC 61496-3:2019

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Safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part 3: Particular
requirements for Active Opto-electronic Protective Devices responsive to Diffuse
Reflection (AOPDDR) (IEC 61496-3:2018)
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Berührungslos wirkende Schutzeinrichtungen - Teil 3:
Besondere Anforderungen an aktive optoelektronische diffuse Reflektion nutzende
Schutzeinrichtungen (AOPDDR) (IEC 61496-3:2018)
Sécurité des machines - Equipements de protection électro-sensibles - Partie 3:
Exigences particulières pour les équipements utilisant des dispositifs protecteurs
optoélectroniques actifs sensibles aux réflexions diffuses (AOPDDR) (IEC 61496-3:2018)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 61496-3:2019
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
31.260 Optoelektronika, laserska Optoelectronics. Laser
oprema equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 61496-3

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2019
ICS 13.110; 31.260 Supersedes CLC/TS 61496-3:2008
English Version
Safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment -
Part 3: Particular requirements for active opto-electronic
protective devices responsive to diffuse Reflection (AOPDDR)
(IEC 61496-3:2018)
Sécurité des machines - Equipements de protection électro- Sicherheit von Maschinen - Berührungslos wirkende
sensibles - Partie 3: Exigences particulières pour les Schutzeinrichtungen - Teil 3: Besondere Anforderungen an
équipements utilisant des dispositifs protecteurs aktive optoelektronische diffuse Reflexion nutzende
optoélectroniques actifs sensibles aux réflexions diffuses Schutzeinrichtungen (AOPDDR)
(AOPDDR) (IEC 61496-3:2018)
(IEC 61496-3:2018)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2019-01-11. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 61496-3:2019 E

European foreword
The text of document 44/831/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 61496-3, prepared by IEC/TC 44 "Safety of
machinery - Electrotechnical aspects" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved
by CENELEC as EN IEC 61496-3:2019.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2019-10-11
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2022-01-11
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes CLC/TS 61496-3:2008.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61496-3:2018 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
The bibliography of IEC 61496-1:2012 applies, except as follows:
Addition:
IEC 60068-2-64:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-64:2008 (not modified)
IEC 60721-3-5:1997 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60721-3-5:1997 (not modified)
IEC 61508-1:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61508-1:2010 (not modified)

Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1  Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2  Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Clause 2 of IEC 61496-1:2012 applies, except as follows.
Addition:
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60068-2-14 -  Environmental testing - Part 2-14: Tests - EN 60068-2-14 -
Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60068-2-75 -  Environmental testing - Part 2-75: Tests - EN 60068-2-75 -
Test Eh: Hammer tests
IEC TR 60721-4-5 -  Classification of environmental conditions - - -
Part 4-5: Guidance for the correlation and
transformation of environmental condition
classes of IEC 60721-3 to the
environmental tests of IEC 60068 - Ground
vehicle installations
IEC 60825-1 2014 Safety of laser products - Part 1: EN 60825-1 2014
Equipment classification and requirements
- -   EN 60825-1:2014/
AC:2017-06
IEC 61496-1 2012 Safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive EN 61496-1 2013
protective equipment - Part 1: General
requirements and tests
IEC 62471 -  Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp EN 62471 -
systems
ISO 13855 2010 Safety of machinery - Positioning of EN ISO 13855 2010
safeguards with respect to the approach
speeds of parts of the human body
ISO 20471 2013  High-visibility clothing - Test methods and EN ISO 20471 2013
requirements
IEC 61496-3 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Safety of machinery – Electro-sensitive protective equipment –
Part 3: Particular requirements for active opto-electronic protective devices
responsive to diffuse reflection (AOPDDR)
Sécurité des machines – Équipements de protection électro-sensibles –
Partie 3: Exigences particulières pour les équipements utilisant des dispositifs
protecteurs optoélectroniques actifs sensibles aux réflexions diffuses
(AOPDDR)
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.110; 31.260 ISBN 978-2-8322-6091-3
– 2 – IEC 61496-3:2018  IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Functional, design and environmental requirements . 11
4.1 Functional requirements . 11
4.2 Design requirements . 12
4.3 Environmental requirements . 22
5 Testing . 25
5.1 General . 25
5.2 Functional tests . 26
5.3 Performance testing under fault conditions . 36
5.4 Environmental tests . 37
6 Marking for identification and for safe use . 56
6.1 General . 56
7 Accompanying documents . 57
Annex A (normative) Optional functions of the ESPE . 59
Annex B (normative) Catalogue of single faults affecting the electrical equipment of
the ESPE, to be applied as specified in 5.3 . 65
Annex AA (informative) Examples of the use of an AOPDDR in different applications . 66
AA.1 General . 66
AA.2 Example of the use of an AOPDDR-2D on machinery. 66
AA.3 Example of the use of an AOPDDR-2D on an automatic guided vehicle (AGV)
............................................................................................................................. 67
AA.4 Positioning of AOPDDR-3D in respect of parts of the human body . 69
AA.5 Examples of the use of an AOPDDR . 78
AA.6 Detection zone angled to the direction of approach – orthogonal approach . 81
AA.7 Example for the calculation of the response time of an AOPDDR-2D. 83
Annex BB (informative) Relationship between position accuracy and probability of
detection . 84
Bibliography . 90

Figure 1 – Detection zone of an AOPDDR-2D . 16
Figure 2 – Detection zone of an AOPDDR-3D . 17
Figure 3 – AOPDDR used as a trip device with orthogonal approach (200 mm minimum
detectable object size) . 18
Figure 4 – AOPDDR used as a trip device with orthogonal approach (150 mm minimum
detectable object size) . 19
Figure 5 – Minimum diffuse reflectivity of materials . 21
Figure 6 – Test piece intrusion into the detection zone for test . 27
Figure 7 – Influence on detection capability by incandescent light – Example 1 . 31
Figure 8 – Influence on detection capability by incandescent light – Example 2 . 32
Figure 9 – Influence on detection capability by light reflected by the background . 33

IEC 61496-3:2018  IEC 2018 – 3 –
Figure 10 – Configuration for the endurance test – Example 1 . 34
Figure 11 – Configuration for the endurance test – Example 2 . 35
Figure 12 – Interference between two AOPDDR-3D of identical design (opposite
arrangement) . 47
Figure 13 – Interference between two AOPDDR-3D of identical design (parallel

arrangement) . 48
Figure 14 – Example of an emitting element of an AOPDDR . 50
Figure 15 – Example of a receiver of an AOPDDR . 50
Figure 16 – Influence on detection capability by background . 52
Figure 17 – Multi-path reflection test (top view) . 53
Figure 18 – Multi-path reflection test (side view) . 53
Figure A.1 – Reference boundary monitoring – Distribution of measurement values . 62
Figure A.2 – Use of an AOPDDR with reference boundary monitoring . 63
Figure A.3 – Use of an AOPDDR as parts of a body trip device . 63
Figure AA.1 – Example of the use of an AOPDDR-2D on machinery . 66
Figure AA.2 – Example of the use of an AOPDDR-2D on an AGV . 68
Figure AA.3 – Minimum distance S – Example 1 . 71
Figure AA.4 – Overall minimum distance S without tolerance zone – Example 1 . 72
o
Figure AA.5 – Overall minimum distance S including tolerance zone – Example 1 . 73
o
Figure AA.6 – Minimum distance S – Example 2 . 74
Figure AA.7 – Overall minimum distance S without tolerance zone – Example 2 . 75
o
Figure AA.8 – Overall minimum distance S including tolerance zone – Example 2 . 75
o
Figure AA.9 – Application example for body detection of an AOPDDR-3D . 77
Figure AA.10 – Limited distance . 79
Figure AA.11 – Overlap. 80
Figure AA.12 – Reference boundary monitoring – Distribution of measurement values . 81
Figure AA.13 – AOPDDR-2D detection zone angled to the direction of approach –
Orthogonal approach . 82
Figure AA.14 – AOPDDR-3D detection zone angled to the direction of approach –
Orthogonal approach . 82
Figure BB.1 – Relationship between position accuracy and detection zone . 84
Figure BB.2 – Relationship between position accuracy, detection zone and the
probabilistic part of the tolerance zone – Example 1 . 85
Figure BB.3 – Relationship between position accuracy, detection zone and the
probabilistic part of the tolerance zone – Example 2 . 86
Figure BB.4 – Relationship between position accuracy, detection zone and tolerance
zone – Example 1 . 87
Figure BB.5 – Relationship between position accuracy, detection zone and tolerance
zone – Example 2 . 88
Figure BB.6 – POD of a single measurement (logarithmic) for a MooM-evaluation with
1 ≤ M ≤ 50 . 89
Figure BB.7 – POD of a single measurement for a MooM-evaluation with 1 ≤ M ≤ 50 in
relation to σ in the case of a normal distribution . 89

Table 1 – Minimum tests required for the verification of detection capability
requirements (see also 4.2.12.1) . 28

– 4 – IEC 61496-3:2018  IEC 2018
Table 2 – Overview of light interference tests. 41

IEC 61496-3:2018  IEC 2018 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SAFETY OF MACHINERY –
ELECTRO-SENSITIVE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT –

Part 3: Particular requirements for active opto-electronic protective
devices responsive to diffuse reflection (AOPDDR)

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61496-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 44: Safety
of machinery – Electrotechnical aspects.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2008. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) extension of the scope from AOPDDR-2D to AOPDDR-3D;
b) extension of the scope from Type 3 ESPE to Type 2 ESPE;
c) implementation of requirements and test procedures for AOPDDR-3D and Type 2 ESPE;
d) listing of reference boundary monitoring as an optional function of the ESPE;

– 6 – IEC 61496-3:2018  IEC 2018
e) implementation of instructions for positioning of AOPDDR-3D in respect of parts of the
human body;
f) revised requirement for combinations of single faults with conditions for no failure to
danger, see for example 4.2.2.4, last paragraph.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
44/831/FDIS 44/837/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
This document is to be used in conjunction with IEC 61496-1:2012.
Where a particular clause or subclause of IEC 61496-1:2012 is not mentioned in this
document, that clause or subclause applies as far as is reasonable. Where this document
states "addition" or "replacement", the relevant text of IEC 61496-1:2012 is adapted
accordingly. Clauses and subclauses which are additional to those of IEC 61496-1:2012 are
numbered sequentially, following on the last available number in IEC 61496-1:2012. Where no
available number exist, the additional subclauses are numbered starting from 101.
Supplementary Annexes are entitled AA and BB.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61496 series, published under the general title Safety of
machinery – Electro-sensitive protective equipment, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
IEC 61496-3:2018  IEC 2018 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
An electro-sensitive protective equipment (ESPE) is applied to machinery presenting a risk of
personal injury. It provides protection by causing the machine to revert to a safe condition
before a person can be placed in a hazardous situation.
This part of IEC 61496 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 61496-1 to
specify particular requirements for the design, construction and testing of electro-sensitive
protective equipment (ESPE) for the safeguarding of machinery, employing active opto-
electronic protective devices responsive to diffuse reflection (AOPDDRs) for the sensing
function.
Each type of machine presents its own particular hazards, and it is not the purpose of this
document to recommend the manner of application of the ESPE to any particular machine.
The application of the ESPE is a matter for agreement between the equipment supplier, the
machine user and the enforcing authority. In this context, attention is drawn to the relevant
guidance established internationally, for example, IEC 62046 and ISO 12100.
Due to the complexity of the technology, there are many issues that are highly dependent on
analysis and expertise in specific test and measurement techniques. In order to provide a high
level of confidence, independent review by relevant expertise is recommended.

– 8 – IEC 61496-3:2018  IEC 2018
SAFETY OF MACHINERY –
ELECTRO-SENSITIVE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT –

Part 3: Particular requirements for active opto-electronic protective
devices responsive to diffuse reflection (AOPDDR)

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61496 specifies additional requirements for the design, construction and
testing of electro-sensitive protective equipment (ESPE) designed specifically to detect
persons or parts of persons as part of a safety-related system, employing active opto-
electronic protective devices responsive to diffuse reflection (AOPDDRs) for the sensing
function. Special attention is directed to requirements which ensure that an appropriate
safety-related performance is achieved. An ESPE can include optional safety-related
functions, the requirements for which are given both in Annex A of this document and in
Annex A of IEC 61496-1:2012.
This document does not specify the dimensions or configurations of the detection zone and its
disposition in relation to hazardous parts for any particular application, nor what constitutes a
hazardous state of any machine. It is restricted to the functioning of the ESPE and how it
interfaces with the machine.
AOPDDRs are devices that have either
– one or more detection zone(s) specified in two dimensions (AOPDDR-2D), or
– one or more detection zone(s) specified in three dimensions (AOPDDR-3D)
wherein radiation in the near infrared range is emitted by an emitting element(s). When the
emitted radiation impinges on an object (for example, a person or part of a person), a portion
of the emitted radiation is reflected to a receiving element(s) by diffuse reflection. This
reflection is used to determine the position of the object.
Opto-electronic devices that perform only a single one-dimensional spot-like distance
measurement, for example, optical proximity switches, are not covered by this document.
This document does not address those aspects required for complex classification or
differentiation of the object detected.
This document does not address requirements and tests for outdoor application.
Excluded from this document are AOPDDRs employing radiation with the peak of wavelength
outside the range 820 nm to 950 nm, and those employing radiation other than that generated
by the AOPDDR itself. For sensing devices that employ radiation of wavelengths outside this
range, this document can be used as a guide. This document is relevant for AOPDDRs having
a minimum detectable object size in the range from 30 mm to 200 mm.
This document can be relevant to applications other than those for the protection of persons,
for example, for the protection of machinery or products from mechanical damage. In those
applications, different requirements can be appropriate, for example when the materials that
have to be recognized by the sensing function have different properties from those of persons
and their clothing.
This document does not deal with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) emission requirements.

IEC 61496-3:2018  IEC 2018 – 9 –
2 Normative references
Clause 2 of IEC 61496-1:2012 applies, except as follows.
Addition:
IEC 60068-2-14, Environmental testing – Part 2-14: Tests – Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60068-2-75, Environmental testing – Part 2-75: Tests – Test Eh: Hammer tests
IEC TR 60721-4-5, Classification of environmental conditions – Part 4-5: Guidance for the
correlation and transformation of environmental condition classes of IEC 60721-3 to the
environmental tests of IEC 60068 – Ground vehicle installations
IEC 60825-1:2014, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and
requirements
IEC 61496-1:2012, Safety of machinery – Electro-sensitive protective equipment – Part 1:
General requirements and tests
IEC 62471, Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems
ISO 13855:2010, Safety of machinery – Positioning of safeguards with respect to the
approach speeds of parts of the human body
ISO 20471:2013, High-visibility clothing – Test methods and requirements
3 Terms and definitions
Clause 3 of IEC 61496-1:2012 applies, except as follows.
Replacement of 3.3 and 3.4:
3.3
detection capability
ability to detect the specified test pieces (see 4.2.13) in the specified detection zone
Note 1 to entry: A list of influences which can affect the AOPDDR detection capability is given in 4.2.12.1.
Note 2 to entry: Detection capability is often described by the minimum detectable object size and the object
reflectivity. The supplier can state more than one value as the minimum detectable object size, for example
depending on distances or mounting conditions. For an AOPPDR-2D the minimum detectable object size is the
diameter of the cylindrical test piece.
3.4
detection zone
zone within which the specified test piece(s) (see 4.2.13) is detected by the AOPDDR with a
minimum required probability of detection (see 4.2.12.2)
Note 1 to entry: A tolerance zone is necessary to achieve the required probability of detection of the specified test
piece(s) within the detection zone.

– 10 – IEC 61496-3:2018  IEC 2018
Addition:
3.301
active opto-electronic protective device responsive to diffuse reflection
AOPDDR
device, whose sensing function is performed by opto-electronic emitting and receiving
elements, that detects the diffuse reflection of optical radiations generated within the device
by an object present in a detection zone specified in two or three dimensions
Note 1 to entry: A receiving element can be composed by optics/optic-arrays and a single sensor element(s) or a
sensor array(s).
Note 2 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
3.302
AOPDDR-2D
AOPDDR that has one or more detection zone(s) specified in two dimensions
Note 1 to entry: For example, a third dimension is not greater than the minimum detectable object size, then the
AOPDDR is regarded as 2D (see Figures 1 and 2).
Note 2 to entry: A typical example of an AOPDDR-2D is a laser scanner that performs distance measurement by
measuring the time a pulse needs for travelling from the sensing device to an object and back to the sensing
device. An AOPDDR-2D that has more than one detection zone may carry out distance measurements in different
planes.
Note 3 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
3.303
AOPDDR-3D
AOPDDR that has one or more detection zone(s) specified in three dimensions
Note 1 to entry: For example, a third dimension as specified by the supplier is greater than the minimum
detectable object size, the AOPDDR is regarded as 3D (see Figures 1 and 2). The detection zone(s) can be set-up
for example as a volume in the shape of a pyramid or a cone.
Note 2 to entry: Typical examples of AOPDDR-3D are laser scanners with two perpendicular positioned moving
mirrors or time-of-flight-cameras (TOF) that perform distance measurement on several pixels. An AOPDDR-3D that
has more than one detection zone may carry out distance measurements in different volumes.
Note 3 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
3.304
basic test distance
BTD
Radius, respectively width and length (or equivalent values), of the detection zone used for
test set-up
Note 1 to entry: For dimension of BTD, see 5.1.1.2.
Note 2 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
3.305
centre axis
line through the origin of distance measurement and the centre of the maximum detection
zone stated by the supplier
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 and Figure 2.
3.306
corner axis
line through the origin of distance measurement and defined by the bounding line of the
detection zone
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 and Figure 2.

IEC 61496-3:2018  IEC 2018 – 11 –
3.307
minimum detection zone
lowest dimension of the detection zone which is necessary to ensure the integrity of the
detection capability
3.308
position accuracy
accuracy in two or three dimensions of the position of an object as measured by the AOPDDR
3.309
tolerance zone
TZ
zone outside of and adjacent to the detection zone within which the specified test piece(s)
(see 4.2.13) is detected with a probability of detection lower than the required probability
within the detection zone
Note 1 to entry: The tolerance zone is necessary to achieve the required probability of detection of the specified
test piece(s) within the detection zone
Note 2 to entry: For explanation of the concept of probability of detection and the tolerance zone, see Annex BB.
Note 3 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
3.310
zone with limited detection capability
zone, between the optical window and the beginning of the detection zone, where the
detection capability is not achieved
Note 1 to entry: The dimensions and appropriate information for use of the zone with limited detection capability
are provided by the supplier.
Addition:
3.101 Abbreviated terms
AGV automated guided vehicle
BTD basic test distance
POD probability of detection
TZ tolerance zone
4 Functional, design and environmental requirements
4.1 Functional requirements
4.1.3 Types of ESPE
Replacement:
In this document, only type 2 and type 3 ESPE are considered. The types differ in their
performance in the presence of faults and under influences from environmental conditions. It
is the responsibility of the machine supplier and/or the user to prescribe which type is suitable
for a particular application.
The type 2 ESPE shall fulfil the fault detection requirements of 4.2.2.3 of this document. In
normal operation, the output circuit of each of at least two output signal switching devices
(OSSDs) or of one output signal switching device (OSSD) and one secondary switching
device (SSD) of the type 2 ESPE shall go to the OFF-state when the sensing device is
actuated, or when the power is removed from the device.

– 12 – IEC 61496-3:2018  IEC 2018
The type 3 ESPE shall fulfil the fault detection requirements of 4.2.2.4 of this document. In
normal operation, the output circuit of each of at least two output signal switching devices
(OSSDs) of the type 3 ESPE shall go to the OFF-state when the sensing device is actuated,
or when the power is removed from the device.
When a single safety-related data interface is used to perform the functions of the OSSD(s),
then the data interface and associated safety-related communication interface shall meet the
requirements of 4.2.4.4. In this case, a single safety-related data interface can substitute for
two OSSDs in a type 3 ESPE.
Addition:
4.1.6 Zone(s) with limited detection capability
In order to ensure no hazard can arise in a particular application due to the presence of one
or more zone(s) with limited detection capability between the optical window and the detection
zone, its dimensions and appropriate information for use shall be provided by the supplier.
If the zone with limited detection capability extends more than 50 mm from the optical window
in direction to the detection zone(s), then additional and effective technical measures shall be
applied to prevent undetected presence of objects or persons or parts of persons in the zone
with limited detection capability.
4.2 Design requirements
4.2.2 Fault detection requirements
4.2.2.2 Particular requirements for a type 1 ESPE
4.2.2.2 of IEC 61496-1:2012 does not apply.
4.2.2.3 Particular requirements for a type 2 ESPE
Replacement:
A type 2 ESPE shall have a means of periodic test to reveal a failure to danger (for example
loss of detection capability, response time exceeding that specified).
The test shall be performed also at power-on of the ESPE before going to the ON-state and at
each reset.
Depending on the application, the periodic test may need to be performed more often to
achieve a desired safety performance. Generic functional safety standards give requirements
how often periodic test have to be applied to fulfil the requirements for a certain safety
performance.
NOTE 1 The periodic test can be initiated by external or internal means.
When it is not possible to reveal a failure to danger by periodic tests other equivalent
measures shall be applied.
A single fault resulting in the loss of the stated AOPDDR detection capability or the increase
in response time beyond the specified time or preventing one or more of the OSSDs going to
the OFF-state shall result in a lock-out condition as a result of the next periodic test.
A single fault resulting in the deterioration of the stated AOPDDR detection capability shall
result in a lock-out condition at least as a result of the next periodic test. If periodic test cycle
is less than 5 s then deterioration of the stated AOPDDR detection capability shall be
detected within 5 s.
IEC 61496-3:2018  IEC 2018 – 13 –
NOTE 2 Examples of deterioration of the AOPDDR detection capability include
– the increase of the minimum detectable object size,
– the increase in the minimum detectable reflectivity, and;
– the decrease of position accuracy.
The occurrence of single faults shall be considered by analysis and/or test with each of the
following conditions and throughout the entire detection zone:
– environmental conditions specified in 4.3;
– at the limits of alignment and/or adjustment.
Where the periodic test is intended to be initiated by an external (for example machine)
safety-related control system, the ESPE shall be provided with suitable input facilities (for
example terminals).
The duration of the periodic test shall be such that the intended safety function is not impaired,
especially if the ESPE is intended for use as a trip device.
If the periodic test is automatically initiated, the correct functioning of the periodic test shall
be monitored. In the event of a fault, the OSSD(s) shall be signalled to go to the OFF-state. If
one or more OSSDs do(es) not go to the OFF-state, a lock-out condition shall be initiated.
An ESPE with only one OSSD shall have a minimum of one SSD (see Clause A.4 of
IEC 61496-1:2012).
4.2.2.4 Particular requirements for a type 3 ESPE
Replacement:
A single fault in the sensing device resulting in a complete loss of the stated AOPDDR
detection capability shall cause the ESPE to go to a lock-out condition within the specified
response time.
NOTE 1 For AOPDDR using rotating mirrors for scanning the detection zone, this requirement can be fulfilled by
scanning on a defined reference object located outside the detection zone and the tolerance zone.
A single fault resulting in a deterioration of the stated AOPDDR detection capability shall
cause the ESPE to go to a lock-out condition within a time period of 5 s following the
occurrence of that fault.
NOTE 2 Examples of deterioration of the AOPDDR detection capability include
– the increase of the minimum detectable object size,
– the increase in the minimum detectable reflectivity, and
– the decrease of position accuracy.
A single fault resulting in an increase in response time beyond the specified value or
preventing at least one OSSD going to the OFF-state shall cause the ESPE to go to a lock-out
condition within the response time, or immediately upon any of the following demand events
where fault detection requires a change in state:
– on actuation of the sensing function;
– on switch off/on;
– on reset of the start interlock or the restart interlock, if available (see Clauses A.5 and A.6
of IEC 61496-1:2012);
– on the application of an external test signal, if available.

– 14 – IEC 61496-3:2018  IEC 2018
An external test signal can be required if, for example, in a particular application, the
frequency of actuation of the sensing function is foreseeably low and the OSSDs are
monitored only at the change of state.
In cases where a single fault which in itself does not cause a failure to danger is not detected,
the occurrence of one additional fault shall not cause a failure to danger. For verification of
this requirement, see 5.3.4.
The occurrence of single faults shall be considered by analysis and/or test with each of the
following conditions and throughout the entire detection zone:
– environmental conditions specified in 4.3;
– at the limits of alignment and/or adjustment.
4.2.2.5 Particular requirements for a type 4 ESPE
4.2.2.5 of IEC 61496-1:2012 does not apply.
Addition:
4.2.12 Integrity of the AOPDDR detection capability
4.2.12.1 General
The design of the AOPDDR shall ensure that the detection capability is not decreased below
the limits specified by the supplier and in this document by any of, but not limited to, the
following:
a) reflectivity of objects in the range defined for the test pieces to be detected;
b) the position, size and number of objects within the detection zone;
c) the size of detection zones;
d) auto-adjustment, for example the following:
1) gain control;
2) sample rate;
3) shutter time;
4) optical characteristics;
e) properties/limitations of the emitting/receiving element, optics and signal processing, for
example the following:
1) signal noise;
2) dynamic range;
3) sensitivity and uniformity (e.g. cold and hot pixels);
4) micro lenses;
5) change of characteristics;
f) calibration of the sensing device;
g) accuracy of object position in image(s);
h) at the limits of alignment and/or adjustment;
i) environmental conditions specified in 4.3;
j) component tolerances;
k) changing of characteristics of internal and external references to ensure the detection
capability.
NOTE 1 Under certain circumstances, limitations of the sensor in relation to its use need to be cons
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