SIST EN 13491:2013

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Eigenschaften, die für die Anwendung beim Bau von Tunneln und damit verbundenen Tiefbauwerken erforderlich sindGéomembranes, géosynthétiques bentonitiques - Caractéristiques requises pour l'utilisation comme barrière aux fluides dans la construction des tunnels et des structures souterraines associéesGeosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use as a fluid barrier in the construction of tunnels and associated underground structures93.060Gradnja predorovTunnel construction59.080.70GeotekstilijeGeotextilesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13491:2013SIST EN 13491:2013en,fr,de01-december-2013SIST EN 13491:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13491:2005/A1:2007SIST EN 13491:20051DGRPHãþD



SIST EN 13491:2013



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13491
July 2013 ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50 Supersedes EN 13491:2004English Version
Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use as a fluid barrier in the construction of tunnels and associated underground structures
Barrières géosynthétiques - Caractéristiques requises pour l'utilisation comme barrière contre les liquides dans la construction des tunnels et des structures souterraines
Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Eigenschaften, die für die Anwendung beim Bau von Tunneln und damit verbundenen Tiefbauwerken erforderlich sind This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 May 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13491:2013: ESIST EN 13491:2013



EN 13491:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4 Introduction .5 1 Scope .6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations .8 3.1 Terms and definitions .8 3.2 Abbreviations .9 4 Required characteristics and corresponding methods of test .9 4.1 General .9 4.2 Types of application . 10 4.2.1 Application 1: "seepage water tunnel" . 10 4.2.2 Application 2: "pressurised water tunnel" . 11 4.2.3 Application 3: "Cut and cover seepage water tunnel" . 12 4.2.4 Application 4: "Cut and cover pressure water tunnel" . 13 4.3 Relevant characteristics . 13 4.4 Characteristics relevant to specific conditions of use . 17 4.4.1 General . 17 4.4.2 Tear strength . 17 4.4.3 Bursting strength . 17 4.4.4 Low temperature behaviour . 17 4.4.5 Weathering . 17 4.4.6 Resistance to wetting and drying . 17 4.4.7 Freeze-thaw cycle resistance . 17 4.4.8 Resistance to root penetration . 17 4.4.9 Gas permeability . 18 4.5 Release of dangerous substances . 18 5 Evaluation of conformity . 18 5.1 Presentation of characteristics . 18 5.2 Verification of values . 18 5.3 Initial type tests . 19 5.4 Factory production control . 19 5.5 Inspection . 20 6 Marking . 20 Annex A (normative)
Factory production control  Factory production control scheme . 21 A.1 General . 21 A.2 Product design . 21 A.3 Production . 21 A.3.1 Raw or incoming materials . 21 A.3.2 Production process . 21 A.4 Finished products . 21 A.4.1 Raw or incoming materials . 21 A.4.2 Alternative tests . 24 A.4.3 Equipment . 24 A.5 Provisions applicable to A.2, A.3 and A.4 (to be used where appropriate) . 25 A.5.1 Records . 25 A.5.2 Assessment of results . 25 A.5.3 Traceability . 25 A.5.4 Corrective action for non-conforming materials and products . 25 SIST EN 13491:2013



EN 13491:2013 (E) 3 A.5.5 Personnel . 25 A.5.6 Quality management . 25 Annex B (normative)
Durability of geosynthetic barriers . 26 B.1 Introduction . 26 B.1.1 Standards to which this annex is common . 26 B.1.2 Mechanisms of degradation . 26 B.1.3 Service life . 27 B.1.4 Use of rework materials . 27 B.2 Test requirements . 27 B.2.1 General requirement . 27 B.2.2 Requirements for repeat testing . 27 B.2.3 Requirements for individual materials . 28 B.3 Durability tests . 29 B.3.1 Introduction . 29 B.3.2 Weathering . 29 B.3.3 Resistance to micro-organisms . 31 B.3.4 Resistance to environmental stress cracking . 31 B.3.5 Resistance to leaching . 31 B.3.6 Resistance to oxidation . 32 B.3.7 Chemical resistance . 32 B.4 Evaluation tests and acceptance criteria . 32 B.4.1 General. 32 B.4.2 Evaluation by comparison of tensile properties . 32 B.4.3 Evaluation by comparison of Oxidative Induction Time (OIT) values . 33 B.4.4 Evaluation by change in mass . 33 B.4.5 Evaluation by change in water permeability . 33 Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive . 34 ZA.1
Scope and relevant characteristics . 34 ZA.2
Procedure for attestation of conformity of geosynthetic barriers . 35 ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity . 35 ZA.2.2 EC Certificate and Declaration of Conformity . 36 ZA.3 CE marking and labelling . 37 Bibliography . 40
SIST EN 13491:2013



EN 13491:2013 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13491:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13491:2004. The following technical changes were introduced in comparison with the previous edition:  The normative references were updated.  Table 1 was revised.  "Chemical resistance” was added to Clause 4.  “Release of dangerous substances” was added to Clause 4.  Annex A revised: “raw or incoming material” and Tables A.1 to A.3 were added.  Annex B was revised. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 13491:2013



EN 13491:2013 (E) 5 Introduction This document allows manufacturers to describe geosynthetic barriers on the basis of declared values for characteristics relevant to the intended use and if tested to the specified method. It also includes procedures for evaluation of conformity and factory production control. This document can also be used by designers, end-users and other interested parties as a tool to define relevant and appropriate characteristics for specifications and on-site quality control. It should be emphasised however that not all characteristics and test methods quoted in this document are suitable for the purpose of on-site quality control.
Tests for some non-mandated characteristics are still under study and will be included when the standard is revised. The term “product” used in this document refers to a geosynthetic barrier, including polymeric geosynthetic barriers, clay geosynthetic barriers and bituminous geosynthetic barriers. This document is part of a group of standards, addressing the requirements for geosynthetic barriers when used in a specific application.
Particular application cases can contain requirements about additional properties and - preferably standardised - test methods, if they are technically relevant and not conflicting with European Standards.
The design life of the product should be determined, since its function may be temporary, as a construction expediency, or permanent, for the lifetime of the structure.
SIST EN 13491:2013



EN 13491:2013 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the relevant characteristics of geosynthetic barriers, including polymeric geosynthetic barriers, clay geosynthetic barriers and bituminous geosynthetic barriers, when used as fluid barriers in the construction of tunnels and associated underground structures, and the appropriate test methods to determine these characteristics.
The intended use of these products is to control the leakage of water through the construction wall.
This document is not applicable to geotextiles or geotextile-related products. This document provides for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this document. This document defines requirements to be met by manufacturers and distributors with regard to the presentation of product properties.
This document does not cover applications where the geosynthetic barrier is to be in contact with water that has been treated for human consumption. Where potable water is or may be in direct contact with the product the designer should also refer to other relevant standards, requirements and/or regulations. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 495-5, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of foldability at low temperature — Part 5: Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing EN 1109, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing — Determination of flexibility at low temperature EN 1844, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of resistance to ozone — Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing EN 1849-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of thickness and mass per unit area — Part 1: Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing EN 1849-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of thickness and mass per unit area — Part 2: Plastic and rubber sheets EN 12224, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Determination of the resistance to weathering EN 12225, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Method for determining the microbiological resistance by a soil burial test EN 12310-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Part 1: Bitumen sheets for waterproofing — Determination of resistance to tearing (nail shank) EN 12311-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Part 1: Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing — Determination of tensile properties EN 12311-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing SIST EN 13491:2013



EN 13491:2013 (E) 7 EN 13361, Geosynthetic barriers — Characteristics required for use in the construction of reservoirs and dams EN 13362, Geosynthetic Barriers — Characteristics required for use in the construction of canals EN 13492, Geosynthetic barriers — Characteristics required for use in the construction of liquid waste disposal sites, transfer stations or secondary containment EN 13493, Geosynthetic barriers — Characteristics required for use in the construction of solid waste storage and disposal sites EN 14150, Geosynthetic barriers — Determination of permeability to liquids EN 14151, Geosynthetics — Determination of burst strength EN 14196, Geosynthetics — Test methods for measuring mass per unit area of clay geosynthetic barriers EN 14414:2004, Geosynthetics — Screening test method for determining chemical resistance for landfill applications EN 14415, Geosynthetic barriers — Test method for determining the resistance to leaching EN 16416, Geosynthetic clay barriers — Determination of water flux index — Flexible wall permeameter method at constant head CEN/TS 14416, Geosynthetic barriers — Test method for determining the resistance to roots CEN/TS 14417, Geosynthetic barriers — Test method for the determination of the influence of wetting-drying cycles on the permeability of clay geosynthetic barriers CEN/TS 14418, Geosynthetic barriers — Test method for the determination of the influence of freezing-thawing cycles on the permeability of clay geosynthetic barriers EN 14575, Geosynthetic barriers — Screening test method for determining the resistance to oxidation EN 14576, Geosynthetics — Test method for determining the resistance of polymeric geosynthetic barriers to environmental stress cracking EN 15382, Geosynthetic barriers — Characteristics required for use in transportation infrastructure EN ISO 527-1:2012, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 1: General principles (ISO 527-1:2012) EN ISO 527-3:1995, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets (ISO 527-3:1995) EN ISO 527-4:1997, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotopic fibre-reinforced plastic composites (ISO 527-4:1997) EN ISO 9862, Geosynthetics — Sampling and preparation of test specimens (ISO 9862) EN ISO 9864, Geosynthetics — Test method for the determination of mass per unit area of geotextiles and geotextile-related products (ISO 9864) EN ISO 10318:2005, Geosynthetics — Terms and definitions (ISO 10318:2005) EN ISO 10319, Geotextiles — Wide-width tensile test (ISO 10319) EN ISO 10320, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Identification on site (ISO 10320) SIST EN 13491:2013



EN 13491:2013 (E) 8 EN ISO 10773, Clay geosynthetic barriers — Determination of permeability to gases (ISO 10773) EN ISO 11358, Plastics — Thermogravimetry (TG) of polymers — General principles (ISO 11358) EN ISO 11925-2, Reaction to fire tests  Ignitability of products subjected to direct impingement of flame  Part 2: Single-flame source test (ISO 11925-2) EN ISO 12236, Geosynthetics — Static puncture test (CBR test) (ISO 12236) EN ISO 13438, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Screening test method for determining the resistance to oxidation (ISO 13438) ISO 34-1:2010, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic  Determination of tear strength  Part 1: Trouser, angle and crescent test pieces ISO 11357-6, Plastics — Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 6: Determination of oxidation induction time (isothermal OIT) and oxidation induction temperature (dynamic OIT) ASTM D696, Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between -30 °C and 30 °C With a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer ASTM D1434, Standard Test Method for Determining Gas Permeability Characteristics of Plastic Film and Sheeting ASTM D5890, Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 10318:2005 and the following apply. 3.1.1 product geosynthetic barrier, including polymeric, bituminous and clay barriers 3.1.2 specification document in which the works, functions, specific conditions and required material property values of the geosynthetic barrier of use are described 3.1.3 underground structure constructed void below ground which belongs to the tunnel construction 3.1.4 tunnel underground passage, open to the daylight at one or both ends, with a minimum diameter of one meter, which is made by removing soil or rock 3.1.5 moisture barrier barrier used to prevent the ingress of liquids and vapours, mainly water, without external hydrostatic pressure, to a tunnel or underground structure SIST EN 13491:2013



EN 13491:2013 (E) 9 3.1.6 pressure water barrier barrier used to prevent or reduce the escape from or the ingress of water to a tunnel or underground structure when subject to external hydrostatic pressure 3.1.7 fluid barrier barrier used to prevent or reduce the escape from or the ingress of fluids to a tunnel or underground structure when subject to differential pressure 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the abbreviations given in EN ISO 10318:2005 apply:  GBR-P: polymeric geosynthetic barrier;  GBR-B: bituminous geosynthetic barrier;  GBR-C: clay geosynthetic barrier. 4 Required characteristics and corresponding methods of test 4.1 General The main function of geosynthetic barriers used in the construction of tunnels and associated underground structures is to prevent or reduce the flow of fluid through the structure wall. Damage during installation has not been addressed in this document. SIST EN 13491:2013



EN 13491:2013 (E) 10 4.2 Types of application
4.2.1 Application 1: "seepage water tunnel" Application where the geosynthetic barrier is used as a stand-alone seepage (moisture) barrier. Figure 1 shows a typical cross-section.
Key 1 rock 2 shotcrete 3 geotextile 4 geosynthetic barrier 5
concrete Figure 1 — A geosynthetic barrier in a drilled seepage water tunnel SIST EN 13491:2013



EN 13491:2013 (E) 11 4.2.2 Application 2: "pressurised water tunnel" Application where the geosynthetic barrier is used as a barrier against pressurised water. Figure 2 shows a typical cross-section.
Key 1 rock 2 shotcrete 3 geotextile 4 geosynthetic barrier 5 concrete Figure 2 — A geosynthetic barrier in a drilled pressurised water tunnel
SIST EN 13491:2013



EN 13491:2013 (E) 12 4.2.3 Application 3: "Cut and cover seepage water tunnel" Application where the geosynthetic barrier is used as a stand-alone seepage (moisture) barrier in a cut and cover design. Figure 3 shows a typical cross-section.
Key 1 soil 2 protection layer 3 geosynthetic barrier 4 geotextile 5 concrete Figure 3 — A geosynthetic barrier in a cut and cover seepage water tunnel
SIST EN 13491:2013



EN 13491:2013 (E) 13 4.2.4 Application 4: "Cut and cover pressure water tunnel" Application where the geosynthetic barrier is used as a barrier against pressurised water in a cut and cover design. Figure 4 shows a typical cross-section.
Key 1 soil 2 protection layer 3 geosynthetic barrier 4 geotextile 5 concrete Figure 4 — A geosynthetic barrier in a cut and cover pressurised water tunnel 4.3 Relevant characteristics The characteristics and the test methods to be used are given in Table 1. The list of characteristics in Table 1 includes those relevant to all conditions of use and subject to harmonisation (H) (see Annex ZA), those relevant to all conditions of use and not subject to harmonisation (A), and those relevant to specific conditions of use and not subject to harmonisation (S).
The functions and conditions of use, corresponding with the characteristics, marked with “S” in Table 1, are specified in 4.4.
The manufacturer shall provide the data based on the results of tests specified in this document and, where relevant, in accordance with 5.1. The manufacturer shall provide information on how functioning joints can be made. Where products are jointed in the factory, the water permeability and, if relevant, the strength of the joints shall be tested and data presented. SIST EN 13491:2013



EN 13491:2013 (E) 14 Table 1 — Geosynthetic barriers used in the construction of tunnels and underground structures - Functions, function-related characteristics and test methods to be used
Geosynthetic barrier Test methods Remarks Nr Property to be tested GBR-P
GBR-B GBR-C GBR-P
GBR-B GBR-C
Physical properties
1 Thickness A A - EN 1849-2 EN 1849-1 -
2 Mass per unit area A A A EN 1849-2 EN 1849-1 EN 14196
Hydraulic properties
3 Wa
...