SIST EN 16235:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2024
Železniške naprave - Preskušanje voznih karakteristik pri prevzemu železniških
vozil - Tovorni vagoni - Pogoji za opustitev preskusne vožnje, opisane v standardu
EN 14363, za tovorne vagone z določenimi karakteristikami
Railway applications - Testing for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway
vehicles - Freight wagons - Conditions for dispensation of freight wagons with defined
characteristics from on-track tests according to EN 14363
Bahnanwendungen - Prüfung für die fahrtechnische Zulassung von
Eisenbahnfahrzeugen - Güterwagen - Bedingungen für Güterwagen mit definierten
Eigenschaften zur Befreiung von Streckenfahrversuchen nach EN 14363
Applications ferroviaires - Essais en vue de l'homologation du comportement dynamique
des véhicules ferroviaires - Wagons - Conditions pour la dispense des wagons avec
caractéristiques définies concernant les essais en ligne selon l'EN 14363
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16235:2023
ICS:
45.060.20 Železniški vagoni Trailing stock
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 16235
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 45.060.20 Supersedes EN 16235:2013
English Version
Railway applications - Testing for the acceptance of
running characteristics of railway vehicles - Freight
wagons - Conditions for dispensation of freight wagons
with defined characteristics from on-track tests according
to EN 14363
Applications ferroviaires - Essais en vue de Bahnanwendungen - Prüfung für die fahrtechnische
l'homologation du comportement dynamique des Zulassung von Eisenbahnfahrzeugen - Güterwagen -
véhicules ferroviaires - Wagons - Conditions pour la Bedingungen für Güterwagen mit definierten
dispense des wagons avec caractéristiques définies Eigenschaften zur Befreiung von
concernant les essais en ligne selon l'EN 14363 Streckenfahrversuchen nach EN 14363
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 October 2023.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16235:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Deviations from requirements . 9
5 Acceptance process to achieve a standardized running gear status . 9
5.1 General. 9
5.2 Test requirements . 10
5.2.1 Extent of tests . 10
5.2.2 Certification . 10
5.3 Range of running gear parameters for dispensation from on-track tests . 11
5.4 Description of the interface between running gear and vehicle body . 13
5.5 Range of vehicle body parameters for dispensation from on-track tests . 13
6 Established running gear . 15
6.1 General. 15
6.2 Wagons with single axle running gear . 15
6.2.1 General. 15
6.2.2 Double link suspension . 15
6.2.3 Long link suspension “Niesky 2” . 19
6.2.4 Suspension “S 2000” . 21
6.2.5 Permanently coupled units consisting of 2-axle elements . 24
6.3 Wagons equipped with 2-axle bogies . 24
6.3.1 General. 24
6.3.2 Running gear of the family Y25 . 24
6.3.3 2-axle steering axle bogie family . 30
6.3.4 Permanently coupled unit consisting of 2-axle bogie wagons . 34
6.3.5 Articulated wagons equipped with three 2-axle bogies Y25 . 34
6.4 Wagons equipped with 3-axle steering axle bogies . 34
6.4.1 General. 34
6.4.2 3-axle steering axle bogie . 34
Annex A (informative) Symbols . 39
Annex B (normative) Approval process for freight wagons related to running behaviour . 41
Annex C (normative) Definition of frequency range for suspensions —
Definition of spring characteristic . 43
Annex D (normative) Established component double link assembly for 2-axle wagons . 45
Annex E (informative) Standardized leaf springs for double link suspension and “Niesky 2”
suspension . 51
Annex F (informative) Standardized axle guards for double link suspension . 53
Annex G (normative) Established components long link assembly “Niesky 2” . 54
Annex H (informative) Standardized components for Y25 family of bogies . 59
H.1 Springs . 59
H.2 Side bearer spring for bogies Y21, Y25 and Y33 . 60
Annex I (normative) Assembly links for steering axle bogies . 62
I.1 General . 62
I.2 Assembly rectangle link . 62
I.3 Assembly trapezoidal link . 65
I.4 Assembly long link . 68
Annex J (normative) Inner couplings of a permanent coupled unit . 71
J.1 Inner coupling close coupling . 71
J.2 Inner coupling bar . 72
Annex K (informative) Standardized leaf springs for 2 axle and 3-axle steering axle bogies . 74
Annex L (normative) Articulation for articulated wagons equipped with bogies of Y25 family . 76
Bibliography . 81

European foreword
This document (EN 16235:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2024, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 16235:2013.
In comparison with the previous edition EN 16235:2013, the following technical modifications have been
made:
— Scope adapted to the terminology given in EN 17343:2020 and extended to non-powered special
vehicles with operating conditions of freight trains;
— normative references updated;
— references to withdrawn EN 15687:2010 replaced by references to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 in the
whole document;
— in Table 12 and Table 15 the parameter “mass of the wagon” was replaced by a requirement for “axle
load” in tare condition;
— modification of the test procedure for a new standardized running gear: requirements for the length
of the tested wagons were deleted and replaced by an application range for the wagons based on the
lengths of the tested wagons (Table 1 deleted);
— clarification that the use of simulations according to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 can replace physical
testing;
— clarification that the minimum and maximum axle load specified for the application range are the
limits for the load conditions for the operation and not necessarily for the design of the wagon;
— Annex ZA deleted.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 defines the requirements for railway vehicles with respect to running
behaviour. The approval process in accordance with EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 including the
dispensation defined in this document, is illustrated in normative Annex B, Figure B.1 (flow chart).
It is recognized that experience has demonstrated that running gear fitted to wagons that operate safely
can also be fitted to other wagons which are within certain design limits. These other wagons will also
operate safely without the need to undergo on-track testing. This experience is based on the
characteristics of track design, track maintenance and vehicle maintenance in the European network
since 1998. This document defines the process to determine the conditions under which such
dispensation from testing can be given for a vehicle defined by the running gear and its relevant
parameters together with the associated parameter limits of wagon bodies.
Vehicles for the transport of freight on the railway have historically been subject to standardization. Very
early common items like wheels, buffers, draw gear, etc. were developed as standardized components to
fulfil safety requirements, for achieving ease of repair and maintenance for international traffic and low
cost. Freight wagons have a wide range of applications and consequently the parameters will vary. In the
UIC work for the standardization and interchange of freight wagons certain processes for acceptance with
respect to running characteristics evolved and these were formalized in UIC 432:2008 and UIC 572:2009
among others. The principles of this document are similar to the intention of these two leaflets.
NOTE Vehicles accepted through the UIC process were also accepted for RIV (Regolamento Internazionale
Veicoli) service, i.e. international interchange between the RIV railways. This was replaced by the General Contract
st
of Use for Wagons (GCU) agreement on 1 July 2006. Following the Directive 2008/57/EC the Conventional Rail
Technical Specification for Interoperability for Freight Wagons (CR TSI WAG) was elaborated, which contains
interoperability requirements for freight wagons.
The following principles apply to the use of this document:
1) the railway system requires comprehensive technical rules in order to ensure an acceptable
interaction of vehicle and track;
2) new railway vehicles are approved before being placed into service in accordance with numerous
national and international regulations. In addition, existing approval is checked when operating
conditions are extended. The approval is based on test results, calculations and/or comparisons with
existing vehicles in order to achieve a safety level according to the recognized standards and
regulations;
3) it is of particular importance that the existing level of safety and reliability is not compromised even
when changes in design and operating practices are demanded.
This document does not prevent the use of the principles laid down applying to other types of rolling
stock.
1 Scope
This document defines the process to determine the conditions under which dispensation from on-track
testing according to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 can be given to freight wagons. In its application this
document specifies the means by which dispensation from on-track tests is possible.
This document is subordinate to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022.
The dispensation conditions described in this document apply to all freight wagons and non-powered
special vehicles with operating conditions of freight trains, which are operated on the heavy rail network
with standard gauge (1 435 mm).
NOTE 1 The various rail-inclinations used in Europe (1:20, 1:40 and 1:30) are covered by the conditions for
dispensation.
This document is not limited to any type of freight vehicle; however, freight wagons with defined
parameters and equipped with certain running gear types, which have been previously accepted, are
considered to have a continuing dispensation from on-track testing. The parameters of these freight
wagons and running gear are detailed within this document.
NOTE 2 The test procedures described in this document (and in EN 14363:2016+A2:2022) can be applied also
to applications with other track gauges e.g. 1 524 mm or 1 668 mm. The limit values could be different. If established
running gear are existing in such restricted networks the related ranges of running gear and vehicle parameters for
dispensation from on-track tests might be specified together with the operational parameters (speed, cant
deficiency, maximum axle load) based on previous tests and operating experiences. These limit values and
parameters will be specified on national level.
This document only contains requirements for characteristics related to requirements for on-track tests
specified in EN 14363:2016+A2:2022.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13715:2020, Railway applications — Wheelsets and bogies — Wheels — Tread profile
EN 14363:2016+A2:2022, Railway applications — Testing and Simulation for the acceptance of running
characteristics of railway vehicles — Running Behaviour and stationary tests
EN 15313:2016, Railway applications — In-service wheelset operation requirements — In-service and off-
vehicle wheelset maintenance
EN 15551:2022, Railway applications — Railway rolling stock — Buffers
EN 15566:2022, Railway applications — Railway rolling stock — Draw gear and screw coupling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE Other terms and definition can be found in EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 and EN 13749:2021.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
Symbols are explained in Annex A.
3.1
'declaration of conformity' with this document
declaration that contains all necessary information for the description of a proven vehicle configuration
3.2
standardised running gear
running gear, bogie or single axle suspension system, which ensures compliance with the requirements
related to on-track tests as specified in EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 for a vehicle that has vehicle body
parameters in a defined range
Note 1 to entry: Test results achieved under the conditions of previous standards in this field (for example under
the conditions of previous versions of EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 or UIC 518:2009) remain valid and can be used as
basis for the certification of a running gear according to this document. It is not necessary to require further
assessment of vehicles which have been already assessed under the conditions of previous standards in this field.
3.3
established running gear
running gear previously approved by UIC for which compliance with Clause 6 of this document is in place
of the 'declaration of conformity' with this document
3.4
homologation file
file that contains the relevant parameters and their permitted modification range that represents the
values of the standardised running gear when assessed according to the requirements of Clause 5 of this
document
3.5
bogies of Y25 family
bogies that are defined by:
— a torsional elastic frame, consisting of two side beams with or without head beam;
— spring suspension with two sets of helical suspension springs (a set may also consist of one spring)
per axle box;
— a lateral and vertical dry friction damping depending on part of the vertical load supported by the
axle box;
— a wheelset guiding with a maximum allowed nominal lateral displacement of ± 10 mm
Note 1 to entry: These bogies are called for example Y21, Y23, Y25, Y27, Y31, Y33 or Y37.
3.6
2-axle steering axle bogie family
steering axle bogie family that is defined by:
— a stiff frame, consisting of two side beams with a head beam;
— a leaf spring mounted in links guiding the axle;
— a nominal longitudinal clearance of the axle guiding of ± 6 mm;
— a nominal lateral clearance of the axle guiding of ± 23 mm
Note 1 to entry: These bogies are called for example DB 65, LHB 82, WU 83, Talbot U.
3.7
3-axle steering axle bogie family
steering axle bogie family that is defined by:
— a stiff frame, consisting of two side beams with a head beam;
— a leaf spring mounted in links guiding the axle;
— a nominal longitudinal clearance of the axle guiding of ± 10 mm;
— a nominal lateral clearance of the axle guiding of ± 25 mm
Note 1 to entry: These bogies are called for example DB 711 to DB 715.
3.8
mass distribution coefficient
Ф
description of the distribution of mass of the vehicle around the vertical axis given by:
∗
I
zz
∗
∗
i
m
zz
Φ
∗∗
2a 2a
where
I* is the moment of inertia of the vehicle body relative to the vertical axis through
zz
the centre of gravity of the vehicle body;
i* is the radius of inertia of the vehicle body relative to the vertical axis through the
zz
centre of gravity of the vehicle body;
m* is the mass of the vehicle body;
2a* is the distance between running gear centres
3.9
coefficient of height of centre of gravity
χ
coefficient which is used to define the maximum height of centre of gravity depending on margin of wheel
force on outer rail in curves during on-track testing:
 
I
adm
 
χ Qh1+ 23,
0 cg
 
(2b )
 A 
where
=
==
Q is the static wheel load;
h is the height of the centre of gravity of the vehicle relative to the centre of the
cg
wheelset;
I is the admissible cant deficiency;
adm
2b is the lateral distance between the contact points of the wheels (approximately
A
1 500 mm for standard gauge)
3.10
factor for track loading parameters
lowest ratio between limit values and estimated values for maximum and quasi-static wheel load:
xy
lim lim
λ′ = min ; ;.

X()PA Y()PA
max max

where
x ,y are the limit values of the assessment quantities of
lim lim
EN 14363:2016+A2:2022;
X(PA) , Y(PA) are the estimated values of assessment quantities evaluated from
max max
on-track tests performed for the assessment quantities Q and
qst
Q for normal measuring method (only applicable for vehicles
max
with static axle loads higher than 225 kN up to 250 kN)
4 Deviations from requirements
If deviating from some points of the requirements of this document for a particular assessment, these
deviations shall be reported and explained. Then the influence on the assessment of the vehicle in terms
of the acceptance criteria shall be evaluated and recorded. The outcome of this study shall be considered
as an integral part of the requirements of this document when applied to the assessment process of the
vehicle.
5 Acceptance process to achieve a standardized running gear status
5.1 General
Standardized running gear according to this document shall be certified. For this purpose, on-track tests
according to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 shall be carried out with two different vehicles. If both vehicles
pass the tests described in 5.2, the running gear shall be certified as standardized running gear in a
'declaration of conformity' with this document that contains:
— a description of the standardized running gear; the relevant parameters and their proven range as
specified in 5.3 and 5.4;
— the range of applicable parameters of the vehicle body as specified in 5.5;
— the applicable operating conditions.
Vehicles with parameters within the range defined in the 'declaration of conformity' and equipped with
a standardized running gear have dispensation from on-track testing according to
EN 14363:2016+A2:2022.
The established running gear defined in Clause 6 of this document shall be regarded as fulfilling the
requirements of this chapter and the parameters specified in Clause 6 shall be regarded as equivalent to
the 'declaration of conformity'.
This procedure applies only to the on-track tests as required in the relevant clauses of
EN 14363:2016+A2:2022. It does not give approval for safety against derailment on twisted track and
under longitudinal compressive forces in S-shaped curves.
5.2 Test requirements
5.2.1 Extent of tests
On-track tests shall be carried out according to the complete procedure specified in
EN 14363:2016+A2:2022.
The tests shall be performed for the same intended operating conditions (V and I ) with two
adm adm
wagons with different body parameters:
— one wagon of short running gear distance;
— one wagon of long running gear distance.
To achieve a wide range of accepted running gear distances for two axle wagons, it is recommended to
test one wagon with 2a* ≤ 7 m and one wagon with 2a* ≥ 9 m. For bogie wagons it is recommended to
test one wagon with 2a* ≤ 7 m and one wagon with 2a* ≥ 13 m.
10 2
The torsional coefficient of vehicle bodies shall be between 0,5 · 10 kNmm/rad and
/rad for each tested wagon.
8 · 10 kNmm
For the purposes of assessment of running behaviour in loaded condition, a typical loading condition shall
be tested.
NOTE 1 It is not necessary to test the worst position of centre of gravity (as it is in most cases impossible to have
a density of the load, filling the whole loading gauge, that would lead to the maximum axle load).
In addition, 2 axle wagons for speeds ≥ 100 km/h shall be tested in loaded condition also in sections of
test zone 2 with clearances given by a gauge ≥ 1 450 mm in combination with wheelsets having distances
between active faces at the minimum operation limit.
If the design parameters and the operation parameters require the application of the normal measuring
method, it is nevertheless acceptable to perform such tests with one of the vehicles based on
measurements of lateral acceleration. In that case, it shall be demonstrated that a relationship exists
between accelerations and the sum of the guiding forces on the vehicle tested according to the normal
measuring method and a related limit value shall be established.
NOTE 2 This requirement is an extension of the application of the simplified measuring method, using
information gathered with vehicle tested according to the normal measuring method.
Physical testing according to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 can be replaced by simulation if
EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 allows for that.
5.2.2 Certification
The compliance of new types of bogies or running gear with the requirements of this document shall be
documented in the homologation file (declaration of conformity with this document). This declaration
shall include:
— an unequivocal and unique name for the running gear;
— range of parameters of the running gear (see 5.3);
— detailed technical description of the interface between vehicle body and running gear (see 5.4);
— range of parameters of car bodies to be used together with the running gear (see 5.5);
— wear limits which are essential to sustain an acceptable running behaviour (maintenance rules are
outside the scope of this document).
Examples for such information can be found in Annex C to Annex L, where these are given for already
accepted running gear.
5.3 Range of running gear parameters for dispensation from on-track tests
The functional details of the running gear relevant to the running behaviour during on-track tests
according to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 shall be specified in the acceptance process. Table 1 and Table 2
give an indication of which parameter shall be available for acceptance purposes. In addition, the
following shall be specified:
— admissible speed V ;
adm
— admissible cant deficiency I .
adm
Following successful testing according to 5.2 the acceptable parameter variation range for a dispensation
from on-track tests for single-axle running gear and bogies is given by the range between the nominal
tested parameters of the running gear and the extended range where specified in Table 1 and Table 2 for
single-axle running gear and bogies. All parameters given in these tables are nominal values. The upper
limit of the acceptable range depends on the maximum tested value of the respective parameter, the
lower limit on the minimum tested value.
Successful testing means that on-track tests according to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 showed compliance
with the acceptance criteria given in these standards.
To extend the applicable parameter range of a standardized running gear, test results of a third tested
vehicle outside the previously tested range shall be used.
Table 1 — Accepted parameter ranges for a single axle running gear which was tested
successfully according to 5.2
Nominal parameter  Minimum Maximum
Vertical eigenfrequency (see ν 0,9 · ν in full range 1,12 · ν in full range
z z,tested z,tested
Annex C)
between tare and loaded between tare and loaded
condition condition
Vertical damping  nominal characteristics of tested running gear
Lateral and longitudinal  nominal characteristics of tested running gear
suspension characteristics
Distance between centres of 2b 2b – 100 mm 2b + 170 mm
z z, tested z, tested
axle bearings (suspension
base)
Nominal wheel diameter D D – 90 mm D + 90 mm
tested tested
Table 2 — Accepted parameter ranges for a bogie which was tested successfully according to 5.2
Nominal parameter  Minimum Maximum
Bogie axle distance (between + + +
2a 2a 2a + 0,2 m
tested tested
outer axles of the bogie)
Vertical eigenfrequency (see ν 0,9 · ν in full range 1,12 · ν in full range
z z,tested z,tested
Annex C)
between tare and loaded between tare and loaded
condition condition
Vertical damping  nominal characteristics of tested running gear
Axle guiding longitudinal  nominal characteristics of tested running gear
Axle guiding lateral  nominal characteristics of tested running gear
Lateral secondary suspension  nominal characteristics of tested running gear
characteristics
Distance between centres of 2b 2b – 100 mm 2b + 170 mm
z z, tested z, tested
axle bearings (suspension
base)
a M* 0,8 · M* 1,2 · M*
Yaw moment of bogie z z,tested z,tested
Moment of inertia of whole I* - 1,1 · I*
zz zz,tested
bogie (around z-axis)
Nominal wheel diameter D D – 90 mm D + 90 mm
tested tested
Nominal height of centre pivot h h – 150 mm h + 50 mm
cp cp,tested cp,tested
relative to centre of wheelset
a
For a friction based yaw resistance torque measured at two specified loads typical for tare and loaded
condition. For other systems, appropriate parameters shall be used to control stability and safety against
derailment in tare condition and maximum guiding force in loaded conditions.

5.4 Description of the interface between running gear and vehicle body
A description of the physical interface between running gear and vehicle body shall include:
— the yaw characteristics of the running gear;
— range of vertical characteristics of side bearers (if applicable);
— range of characteristics of secondary suspension (stiffnesses, hysteresis/damping) (if applicable);
— drawings.
5.5 Range of vehicle body parameters for dispensation from on-track tests
The functional details of the vehicle body relevant to the running behaviour during on-track tests
according to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 shall be specified in the acceptance process. Table 3 gives an
indication of which parameter shall be available for acceptance purposes.
Table 3 — Accepted parameter range for vehicles (including articulated wagons and
permanently coupled units) equipped with a running gear which was tested successfully
according to 5.2
Parameter Minimum Maximum
Distance between 2a* For 2a* < 6,0 m: Lowest value of either 10,0 m or
tested
wheelsets (non bogie 2a* + 1,0 m
tested
c
2a*tested
vehicles)
For 2a* ≥ 6,0 m:
tested
Highest value of either 6,0 m
c
or 2a* – 1,0 m
tested
Distance between bogie 2a* For 2a* < 6,5 m: 2a* + 3,0 m
tested tested
centres (bogie vehicles)
c
2a*tested
For 2a* ≥ 6,5 m:
tested
Highest value of either 6,5 m
c
or 2a* – 0,5 m
tested
Centre of gravity height h - 1,2 · h
cg, tare cg,tare,tested, max
of tare wagon
Centre of gravity height h  b
cg, loaded 1,2 · hcg,loaded,tested, max
of loaded wagon
Coefficient of height of χ - χ · (1 + 0,8 (λ'
loaded,tested,max
centre of gravity –
– 1)) with λ' – factor for track
a
loaded vehicle loading parameters (see 3.10)
Torsional coefficient c * 10 2 -
t > 0,5 · 10 kNmm /rad
per vehicle body
Parameter Minimum Maximum
Mean axle load of the P If -
mean,tare
tare wagon (non-bogie
P ≤ 6,75 t:
mean,tare,tested
wagon)
Lowest value of either 5,75 t
or P
mean,tare,tested
else 0,85 · P
mean,tare,tested
Mean axle load of the P If -
mean,tare
tare wagon (bogie
P ≤ 4,7 t:
mean,tare,tested
wagon)
Lowest value of either 4 t
or P
mean,tare,tested
else 0,85 · P
mean,tare,tested
Maximum axle load P - 1,05 · P
tested
Mass distribution Φ - 1,2 · Φ
tested
coefficient (tare and
loaded vehicle)
a
For evaluation of χ (see Clause 3) use:
I = 130 mm for axle loads ≤ 225 kN and
adm
I = 100 mm for axle loads > 225 kN and up to 250 kN.
adm
b
It was originally intended to replace this requirement by the requirement for χ. As this is not reasonable for
high λ' values or low axle loads, it is intended to develop a less restrictive requirement for the future when more
information is available.
c
If the application of the process of extension of acceptance in EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 on the tested wagon
with the lower value 2a* results under consideration of the achieved safety factor λ in a lower acceptable
tested
minimum value of 2a*, then this lower value shall be chosen for the accepted parameter range.

Following successful testing according to 5.2, the acceptable parameter variation range for a dispensation
from on-track tests for a vehicle body is given by the nominal tested parameters of the vehicle bodies and,
where specified in Table 3, by the extended range. All parameters given in this table are nominal values.
The upper limit of the acceptable range depends on the maximum tested value of the respective
parameter, the lower limit on the minimum tested value.
The minimum axle load and maximum axle load during operation of a wagon equipped with a certified
running gear shall be compliant with the loading conditions between tare and loaded achieved according
to Table 3 for the investigated standardized running gear.
This is, for example, fulfilled, if operational rules applied to the wagon require to operate it always with
a minimum payload or a ballast (for example with an empty loading device) to be compliant with the
parameters specified for a tare wagon in Table 3.
To extend the applicable vehicle parameter range of a standardized running gear, test results of a third
tested vehicle outside the previously tested range shall be used.
6 Established running gear
6.1 General
This clause specifies certain parameters of suspensions and running gear that shall be known as
established running gear. The requirements for the components, operational and design requirements
from the point of view of running dynamics are defined in this clause and in normative Annexes D, G, I, J
and L. Several existing versions of accepted components fulfilling the normative requirements are given
in informative Annexes E, F, H and K.
The details in this chapter shall replace the ‘declaration of conformity’ required in Clause 5. As a result,
vehicles with parameters within the defined ranges and equipped with Established Running Gear shall
have dispensation from on-track testing according to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022.
NOTE Established Running Gear according to this document was previously approved under the auspices of
UIC.
The minimum axle load and maximum axle load during operation of a wagon equipped with an
established running gear shall be compliant with the loading conditions between tare and loaded
specified for the established running gear.
This is, for example, fulfilled, if operational rules applied to the wagon require to operate it always with
a minimum payload or a ballast (for example with an empty loading device) to be compliant with the
parameters specified for a tare wagon in Table 6, Table 7, Table 9, Table 12, Table 15, and Table 18.
6.2 Wagons with single axle running gear
6.2.1 General
Three different types of single axle running gear are established:
— double link suspension;
— long link suspension “Niesky 2”;
— suspension “S 2000”.
Requirements for permanently coupled units consisting of 2-axle elements are given in 6.2.5.
6.2.2 Double link suspension
6.2.2.1 General
An example for a double link suspension according to this document is shown in Figure 1 and described
by characteristics relevant to running dynamics in 6.2.2.2 to 6.2.2.4 and the operational and design
limitations in 6.2.2.5. The existing and accepted components are given in Annex D to Annex F.
Key
a distance between suspension brackets; the distance between suspension brackets shall be the length of
the spring + 300 mm
b distance between centres of the link pins
c longitudinal clearance
d lateral clearance
e distance between centres of axle bearings (suspension base) between 1 900 mm and 2 170 mm
f double link
g leaf spring
h axle guard
Figure 1 — Double link suspension, overview
The clearance between axle box and axle guard shall be:
— laterally ≥ 20 mm;
— longitudinally = min (3 · 2a*/1 000; 22,5 mm).
6.2.2.2 Assembly double link
The link assembly as described in Annex D is the key part of the double link suspension according to this
document.
6.2.2.3 Component spring
The springs of the established double link suspension according to this document shall comply with a
range of characteristics defined by Table 4. Annex C gives details about the definition of the describing
parameters. The existing springs which fulfil these requirements are given in Annex E.
Table 4 — Range of vertical spring characteristics for double link suspension for dispensation
from on-track tests according to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022
Type b e c e
Trapezoidal leaf spring Parabolic spring
Maximum axle load P d d
max 20,0 t 22,5 t
Lower limit for vertical eigenfrequency a b c
ν 1,5 Hz 1,85 Hz
zl
Upper limit for vertical eigenfrequency a b c
ν 4,0 Hz 3,4 Hz
zu
Range of damping Λ 12 % to 15 % f
7 % to 10 %
Range of diameter of spring eye d 36 mm 36 mm to 41 mm
i
a
Calculated with nominal stiffness according to the definition in Annex C.
b
A maximum manufacturing tolerance of 8 % for the stiffness is required.
c
A maximum manufacturing tolerance of 7 % for the stiffness is required.
d
The strength of the springs and the maximum vertical deflection is not in the scope of this document.
e
Existing springs which fulfil these requirements are given in Annex E.
f
For operation in UK clamping is required in order to increase damping to 12 % < Λ < 17 %.

6.2.2.4 Component axle guard
The axle guard of the established double link suspension according to this document shall comply with a
range of characteristics defined by Figure 2 and Table 5. Characteristics of existing solutions which fulfil
these requirements are given in Annex F.
Key
X force F in kN
y
Y stiffness K in kN/mm
y
Figure 2 — Definition of values describing the range for lateral stiffness of axle guards for
dispensation from on-track tests according to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022
Table 5 — Range of lateral characteristic for axle guards of double link suspension for
dispensation from on-track tests according to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022
Type Axle guard
Lower limit for nominal a c
K 1,20 kN/mm
yl
b
lateral stiffness
Upper limit for nominal K c
yu1 2,50 kN/mm
lateral stiffness in first
b
stage
Upper limit for nominal a c
K 3,70 kN/mm
yu2
lateral stiffness in
b
second stage
Minimum force at break a c
F 16,8 kN
y1
b
point between stages
a
Measured at a height of 70 mm above the centre line of the axle, the
wagon being tare and new condition (i.e. approx. 380 mm below the bottom
edge of the side beam in the case of wheel diameters between 920 mm and
1 000 mm).
b
For an axle guard with a linear characteristic the stiffness of first and
second stage is the same and the break point is not relevant.
c
The strength of the axle guards as well as the minimum and maximum
lateral deflection are not in the scope of this document.

6.2.2.5 Operational and design limitations for double link suspension
Vehicles with bodies according to Table 6 and equipped with double link suspensions according to this
document have dispensation from on-track tests according to EN 14363:2016+A2:2022 for axle loads up
to 22,5 t with speeds up to 120 km/h and a cant deficiency up to 130 mm, when the spring design is
appropriate (see 6.2.2.3).
For axle loads above 20 t in combination with speeds greater than 100 km/h, a m
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