SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
(Main)Machine tools - Safety - Electrical discharge machines (ISO 28881:2022)
Machine tools - Safety - Electrical discharge machines (ISO 28881:2022)
This document specifies safety requirements and/or protective measures applicable to EDM equipment
and EDM systems intended to be adopted by persons undertaking their design, construction, installation
and/or supply, such as:
— manually controlled EDM die sinking or EDM drilling machines;
— numerically controlled EDM die sinking or EDM drilling machines; and
— numerically controlled EDM wire cutting machines.
This document also includes information to be provided by the manufacturer to the user.
This document is not applicable to arc eroding and electro-chemical machining equipment.
This document takes account of the precondition of the intended use as well as the reasonably
foreseeable misuse, in normal workshop environments and non-explosive atmospheres, including
transportation, installation, setting, maintenance, repair and dismantling for removal or disposal of
EDM equipment and EDM systems.
This document is also applicable to auxiliary devices essential for EDM processing.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant
to EDM equipment and EDM systems, where they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse
which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
This document is intended to apply to machines manufactured after the date of publication of this
document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or -B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
This document defines required performance level and safety categories of the safety-related parts of
the control system for EDM equipment and EDM systems as defined in ISO 13849-1:2015.
Werkzeugmaschinen - Sicherheit - Funkenerodiermaschinen (ISO 28881:2022)
Dieses Dokument legt die Sicherheitsanforderungen und/oder Schutzmaßnahmen fest, die auf EDM-Geräte und EDM-Systeme anwendbar sind und die von Personen zu beachten sind, die mit der Planung, dem Bau, der Installation und/oder der Lieferung dieser Geräte und Systeme betraut sind, wie beispielsweise
— manuell gesteuerte EDM-Senkerodiermaschinen oder EDM-Bohrmaschinen;
— numerisch gesteuerte EDM-Senkerodiermaschinen oder EDM-Bohrmaschinen; und
— numerisch gesteuerte EDM-Drahterodiermaschinen.
Dieses Dokument enthält auch Informationen, die dem Anwender durch den Hersteller zur Verfügung gestellt werden müssen.
Das vorliegende Dokument gilt nicht für Maschinen zur Lichtbogenerosion und elektrochemische Bearbeitungsmaschinen.
Dieses Dokument berücksichtigt die Voraussetzungen für die bestimmungsgemäße Verwendung sowie die vernünftigerweise vorhersehbare Fehlanwendung unter üblichen Werkstattbedingungen und in nicht explosionsfähiger Atmosphäre, einschließlich Transport, Installation, Einrichtung, Wartung, Reparatur und Demontage zur Entfernung oder Entsorgung von EDM-Einrichtungen und EDM-Systemen.
Dieses Dokument gilt auch für Zusatzeinrichtungen, die für die EDM-Bearbeitung erforderlich sind.
Dieses Dokument behandelt alle signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen oder Gefährdungsereignisse, welche im Zusammenhang mit EDM-Einrichtungen und EDM-Systemen, bei bestimmungsgemäßer Verwendung und bei Fehlanwendung, welche für den Hersteller vernünftigerweise vorhersehbar sind, stehen (siehe Abschnitt 4).
Das vorliegende Dokument gilt für Maschinen, die nach dem Ausgabedatum dieses Dokuments hergestellt wurden.
Wenn Anforderungen an diese Typ-C-Norm von jenen abweichen, die in Typ-A- oder Typ-B-Normen festgelegt sind, haben die Anforderungen dieser Typ-C-Norm Vorrang vor den Anforderungen anderer Normen für Maschinen, die nach den Anforderungen dieser Typ-C-Norm konstruiert und gebaut wurden.
Dieses Dokument definiert den erforderlichen Performance Level und die Sicherheitskategorien der sicherheitsrelevanten Teile des Steuerungssystems für EDM-Ausrüstungen und EDM-Systeme, wie in ISO 13849-1:2015 definiert.
Machines-outils - Sécurité - Machines d'électro-érosion (ISO 28881:2022)
Le présent document spécifie les exigences de sécurité et/ou mesures de protection applicables aux équipements et aux systèmes d'usinage par électro-érosion, que doivent respecter les personnes chargées de la conception, de la construction, de l'installation et/ou de la fourniture, notamment:
— les machines de forage par étincelage ou de perçage par électro-érosion à commande manuelle;
— les machines de forage par étincelage ou de perçage par électro-érosion à commande numérique; et
— les machines de découpe par électro-érosion à fil à commande numérique.
Le présent document contient aussi les informations fournies à l'utilisateur par le fabricant.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux machines d'érosion par arc électrique ni aux machines d'usinage électrochimique.
Le présent document tient compte des conditions préalables d'utilisation normale ainsi que du mauvais usage raisonnablement prévisible, en environnement industriel normal et sans atmosphère explosive, ce qui inclut le transport, l'installation, le réglage, la maintenance, la réparation et le démontage pour évacuation ou mise au rebut des équipements et des systèmes d'usinage par électro-érosion.
Le présent document s'applique également aux dispositifs auxiliaires essentiels au procédé d'usinage par électro-érosion.
Le présent document traite de l'ensemble des phénomènes dangereux significatifs, situations dangereuses ou événements dangereux liés aux équipements ou aux systèmes d'usinage par électro-érosion, dans les conditions d'utilisation normale ainsi que dans des conditions de mauvais usage raisonnablement prévisibles par le fabricant (voir Article 4).
Le présent document est applicable aux machines construites après sa date de publication.
Lorsque les dispositions de la présente norme de type C diffèrent de celles qui sont données dans les normes de type A ou B, les dispositions de la présente norme de type C ont priorité sur celles des autres normes, pour les machines conçues et construites conformément aux dispositions de la présente norme de type C.
Le présent document définit le niveau de performance exigé et les catégories de sécurité des éléments du circuit de commande liés à la sécurité pour les équipements et les systèmes d'usinage par électro-érosion, tels que définis dans l'ISO 13849-1:2015.
Obdelovalni stroji - Varnost - Elektroerozijski stroji (EDM) (ISO 28881:2022)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
01-december-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 28881:2013
SIST EN ISO 28881:2013/AC:2013
Obdelovalni stroji - Varnost - Elektroerozijski stroji (EDM) (ISO 28881:2022)
Machine tools - Safety - Electrical discharge machines (ISO 28881:2022)
Werkzeugmaschinen - Sicherheit - Funkenerodiermaschinen (ISO 28881:2022)
Machines-outils - Sécurité - Machines d'électro-érosion (ISO 28881:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 28881:2022
ICS:
25.120.40 Elektrokemijski stroji Electrochemical machines
SIST EN ISO 28881:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
EN ISO 28881
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 28881:2013
English Version
Machine tools - Safety - Electrical discharge machines (ISO
28881:2022)
Machines-outils - Sécurité - Machines d'électro-érosion Werkzeugmaschinen - Sicherheit -
(ISO 28881:2022) Funkenerodiermaschinen (ISO 28881:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 February 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 28881:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
EN ISO 28881:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 4
2
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
EN ISO 28881:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 28881:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 39 "Machine
tools" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 143 “Machine tools - Safety” the secretariat of
which is held by SNV.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2023, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 28881:2013, EN ISO 28881:2013/AC:2013.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s) / Regulation(s).
For the relationship with EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral
part of this document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 28881:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 28881:2022 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
EN ISO 28881:2022 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive2006/42/EC aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request “M/396
Mandate to CEN and CENELEC for Standardisation in the field of machinery" to provide one voluntary
means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast).
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex I
of Directive 2006/42/EC
The relevant Essential
Clause(s)/sub-clause(s)
Requirements of Directive Remarks/Notes
of this EN
2006/42/EC (Annex I)
1.1.2 Principles of safety
integration
1.1.2 (a) 5, 6
1.1.2 (c) 5, 6
1.1.2 (d) 5, 6
1.1.2 (e) 5, 6
1.1.3 Materials and products 4 Table 1 No. 7, 7.1, 7.2
5.5 Table 3 D, D1, D11,
6.3.2.5. a)
1.1.4 Lighting Not covered
1.1.5. Design of machinery to Not Covered
facilitate its handling
1.1.6. Ergonomics 5.5 Table 3 F, F1,
1.1.7. Operating positions Not Covered
1.1.8. Seating Not Covered
1.2.1. Control Systems; Safety and 5.1, 5.2
reliability of control systems
5.5 Table 3 A7
1.2.2. Control Devices 5.2 Table 2
5.5 Table 3 F2
6.3.2.2 a) 8)
4
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
EN ISO 28881:2022 (E)
1.2.3. Starting Not covered
1.2.4.1. Normal stop Not covered
1.2.4.2 Operational stop 5.2 Table 2
5.4.1
1.2.4.3 Emergency stop 5.2 Table 2
5.4.2
1.2.4.4. Assembly of machinery 5.2 Table 2
1.2.5. Selection of control or 5.3.1
operating modes
1.2.6. Failure of the power supply 5.5 Table 3 E1, E3
1.3.1. Risk of loss of stability 5.5 Table 3 A9
1.3.3. Risks due to falling or 5.5 Table 3 A4
ejected objects
6.3.2.2 a) 5)
1.3.4. Risks due to surfaces, edges 5.5 Table 3 A1, A2, A3, A6, B4
or angles
1.3.7. Risks related to moving 5.5 Table 3 A1, A2, A3
parts
1.3.8. Choice of protection against 5.5 Table 3 A1, A2, A3
risks arising from moving parts
1.3.9. Risks of uncontrolled 5.5 Table 3 B6
movements
1.4.1 General requirements 5.2 Table 2
1.4.2.1. Fixed guards Not Covered
1.4.2.2. Interlocking movable 5.5 Table 3 A1.2.2, A1.2.3, A1.2.4,
guards A3.1.1
1.5.1. Electricity supply 5.5 Table 3 B1, E1
1.5.2. Static electricity Not covered
1.5.3. Energy supply other than 5.5 Table 3 E2
electricity
1.5.6. Fire 5.5 Table 3 D, D1, D8, D9, D10,
D11,
6.3.2.5. a)
1.5.7. Explosion 5.5 Table 3 D4-D12
1.5.8. Noise 6.3.2.1
6.3.4
Annex B
1.5.10. Radiation 5.5 Table B4, B5
5
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
EN ISO 28881:2022 (E)
1.5.11. External radiation 5.5 Table D12
6.3.2.7
1.5.13. Emissions of hazardous 5.5 Table 3 D2-D4
materials and substances
6.3.2.7
1.5.14. Risk of being trapped in a 5.5 Table 3 A1, A2, A3
machine
1.5.15. Risk of slipping, tripping of 5.5 Table 3 A6.1
falling
1.6.1. Machinery maintenance 6.3.2.2 6), 7), 8)
th
1.6.2. Access to operating Operating: Table 2 4 line
positions and servicing points
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.2.2
5.5 Table 3 B6
5.5 Table 3 D6
6.3.4
Annex B 1 (operating conditions)
Position:
5.2 a)
5.3.1
5.3.2.1
5.4.2
Table 3 B2.1.7
Table 3 E1, E2, E3
Annex B b)
1.7. Information 6
WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this standard.
6
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 28881
Second edition
2022-04
Machine tools — Safety — Electrical
discharge machines
Machines-outils — Sécurité — Machines d'électro-érosion
Reference number
ISO 28881:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
ISO 28881:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
ISO 28881:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 List of significant hazards . 7
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures .10
5.1 General requirements . 10
5.2 Safety-related parts of control systems for EDM equipment and EDM systems . 10
5.3 Operating modes . 11
5.3.1 Operating mode selection . 11
5.3.2 Protective measures relating to operating modes. 11
5.4 Stop functions. 14
5.4.1 Operational stop . 14
5.4.2 Emergency stop . 14
5.5 Specific requirements .15
6 Information for use .23
6.1 General .23
6.2 Marking, signs and written warnings . 23
6.3 Instruction handbook. 23
6.3.1 General .23
6.3.2 Special recommendations for EDM site preparation . 24
6.3.3 Special recommendations for EDM operation. 26
6.3.4 Noise .28
Annex A (informative) Examples and schematic diagrams.29
Annex B (normative) Noise test code .38
Annex C (informative) Fire protection codes for special regional cases .42
Bibliography .55
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
ISO 28881:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 39, Machine tools, Subcommittee SC 10,
Safety, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 143, Machine tools — Safety, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 28881:2013), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 28881:2013/Cor.1:2013.
The main changes are as follows:
— the service mode has been introduced;
— Annex C has been rewritten.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
ISO 28881:2022(E)
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance etc.)
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e. g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or
type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of
the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of
this type-C standard.
In addition, electrical discharge machining (EDM) equipment and EDM systems are intended to be
designed according to the principles of ISO 12100:2010 for hazards which are not dealt with in this
document.
The requirements of this document concern designers, manufacturers, suppliers and importers of
machines described in the Scope.
This document also includes a list of items intended to be provided by the manufacturer to the user.
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28881:2022(E)
Machine tools — Safety — Electrical discharge machines
1 Scope
This document specifies safety requirements and/or protective measures applicable to EDM equipment
and EDM systems intended to be adopted by persons undertaking their design, construction, installation
and/or supply, such as:
— manually controlled EDM die sinking or EDM drilling machines;
— numerically controlled EDM die sinking or EDM drilling machines; and
— numerically controlled EDM wire cutting machines.
This document also includes information to be provided by the manufacturer to the user.
This document is not applicable to arc eroding and electro-chemical machining equipment.
This document takes account of the precondition of the intended use as well as the reasonably
foreseeable misuse, in normal workshop environments and non-explosive atmospheres, including
transportation, installation, setting, maintenance, repair and dismantling for removal or disposal of
EDM equipment and EDM systems.
This document is also applicable to auxiliary devices essential for EDM processing.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant
to EDM equipment and EDM systems, where they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse
which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
This document is intended to apply to machines manufactured after the date of publication of this
document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or -B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
This document defines required performance level and safety categories of the safety-related parts of
the control system for EDM equipment and EDM systems as defined in ISO 13849-1:2015.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3746:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources
using sound pressure — Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane
ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components
ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components
ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment
1
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
ISO 28881:2022(E)
ISO 7010:2019/Amd.2:2020, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Registered safety
signs/ — Amendment 2
ISO 9355-1:1999, Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators — Part 1:
Human interactions with displays and control actuators
ISO 9355-3:2006, Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators — Part 3:
Control actuators
ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections
ISO 11202:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental
corrections
ISO 11202:2010/Amd.1:2020, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination
of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate
environmental corrections/ — Amendment 1
ISO/TR 11688-1:1995, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1: Planning
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design
ISO 13854:2017, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
ISO 13855:2010, Safety of machinery — Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of
parts of the human body
ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs
ISO 14118:2017, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
ISO 14119:2013, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for
design and selection
ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of
fixed and movable guards
ISO 14122-1:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 1: Choice of
fixed means and general requirements of access
ISO 14122-2:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways
ISO 14122-3:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs,
stepladders and guard-rails
ISO 14123-1:2015, Safety of machinery — Reduction of risks to health resulting from hazardous substances
emitted by machinery — Part 1: Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers
IEC 60204-1:2016, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
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SIST EN ISO 28881:2022
ISO 28881:2022(E)
IEC 60529:1989/AMD2: 2013/ COR: 2019, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60947-5-1:2016, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and
switching elements — Electromechanical control circuit devices (RLV Redline version)
IEC 61000-6-2:2016, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards — Immunity for
industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-4:2018, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-4: Generic standards — Emission
standard for industrial environments
IEC 61310-1:2007, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for
visual, acoustic and tactile signals
IEC 61310-2:2007, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 2: Requirements for
marking
IEC 61558-1:2017, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products — Part 1:
General requirements and tests
IEC 61800-5-2:2007, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems — Part 5-2: Safety requirements —
Functional
IEC 62226-1:2005, Exposure to electric or magnetic fields in the low and intermediate frequency range —
Methods for calculating the current density and internal electric field induced in the human body — Part 1:
General
IEC 62226-2-1:2005, Exposure to electric or magnetic fields in the low and intermediate frequency range —
Methods for calculating the current density and internal electric field induced in the human body— Part
2-1: Exposure to magnetic fields — 2D models
IEC 62226-3-1:2007/A1: 2017, Exposure to electric or magnetic fields in the low and intermediate frequency
range — Methods for calculating the current density and internal electric field induced in the human
body — Part 3-1: Exposure to electric fields — Analytical and 2D numerical models
IEC 62311:2020, Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human exposure restrictions
for electromagnetic fields (0 Hz – 300 GHz)
EN 2:1992, Classification of fires
EN 54-1:2021, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 1: Introduction
EN 614-1:2006+A1: 2009, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and
general principles
EN 614-2:2000+A1: 2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 2: Interactions
between the design of machinery and work tasks
EN 12198-1:2000+A1: 2008, Safety of machinery — Assessment and reduction of risks arising from
radiation emitted by machinery — Part 1: General principles
EN 12198-2:2002+A1: 2008, Safety of machinery — Assessment and reduction of risks arising from
radiation emitted by machinery — Part 2: Radiation emission measurement procedures
EN 12198-3:2002+A1: 2008, Safety of machinery — Assessment and reduction of risks arising from
radiation emitted by machinery — Part 3: Reduction of radiation b
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 28881:2019
01-november-2019
Obdelovalni stroji - Varnost - Elektroerozijski stroji (EDM) (ISO/DIS 28881:2019)
Machine tools - Safety - Electrical discharge machines (ISO/DIS 28881:2019)
Werkzeugmaschinen - Sicherheit - Funkenerodiermaschinen (ISO/DIS 28881:2019)
Machines-outils - Sécurité - Machines d'électro-érosion (ISO/DIS 28881:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 28881
ICS:
25.120.40 Elektrokemijski stroji Electrochemical machines
oSIST prEN ISO 28881:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 28881:2019
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oSIST prEN ISO 28881:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 28881
ISO/TC 39/SC 10 Secretariat: SNV
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-09-20 2019-12-13
Machine tools — Safety — Electrical discharge machines
Machines-outils — Sécurité — Machines d'électro-érosion
ICS: 25.080.01
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 28881:2019(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2019
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oSIST prEN ISO 28881:2019
ISO/DIS 28881:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Email: copyright@iso.org
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 28881:2019
ISO/DIS 28881:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 List of significant hazards . 6
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 8
5.1 General requirements . 8
5.2 Safety-related parts of control systems for EDM equipment and EDM systems . 9
5.3 Operating modes .10
5.3.1 Operating mode selection .10
5.3.2 Protective measures relating to operating modes .10
5.4 Stop functions .12
5.4.1 Operational stop .12
5.4.2 Emergency stop .13
5.5 Specific requirements .13
6 Information for use .21
6.1 General .21
6.2 Marking, signs and written warnings .21
6.3 Instruction handbook .21
6.3.1 Instruction handbook — General .21
6.3.2 Special recommendations for EDM site preparation.22
6.3.3 Special recommendations for EDM operation .24
6.3.4 Noise .26
Annex A (informative) Examples and schematic diagrams .27
Annex B (normative) Noise-emission measurements .36
Annex C (informative) Fire protection codes for special regional cases .37
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered .50
Bibliography .51
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 28881:2019
ISO/DIS 28881:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee [or Project Committee] ISO/TC [or ISO/PC] ###,
[name of committee], Subcommittee SC ##, [name of subcommittee].
This second/third/… edition cancels and replaces the first/second/… edition (ISO #####:####), which
has been technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx
A list of all parts in the ISO ##### series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 28881:2019
ISO/DIS 28881:2019(E)
Introduction
This International Standard has been prepared to be a Harmonized Standard to provide one means of
conforming to the Essential Safety Requirements of the Machinery Directive of the European Union and
associated EFTA regulations.
This document is a type-C standard as defined in ISO 12100:2010.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this International Standard. In addition, electrical discharge
machining (EDM) equipment and EDM systems are intended to be designed according to the principles
of ISO 12100 for hazards which are not dealt with in this International Standard.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or -B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
This International Standard defines required performance level and safety categories of the safety-
related parts of the control system for EDM equipment and EDM systems as defined in ISO 13849-1.
The requirements of this International Standard concern designers, manufacturers, suppliers and
importers of machines described in the Scope.
This International Standard also includes a list of informative items intended to be provided by the
manufacturer to the user.
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oSIST prEN ISO 28881:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 28881:2019(E)
Machine tools — Safety — Electrical discharge machines
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies safety requirements and/or protective measures, applicable to
EDM equipment and EDM systems, such as
— manually controlled EDM die sinking or EDM drilling machines;
— numerically controlled EDM die sinking or EDM drilling machines, and
— numerically controlled EDM wire cutting machines.
intended to be adopted by persons undertaking the design, construction, installation and/or supply
of such equipment. This International Standard also includes information to be provided by the
manufacturer to the user.
This International Standard is not applicable to arc eroding and electro-chemical machining equipment.
This International Standard takes account of the precondition of the intended use as well as the
reasonably foreseeable misuse, in normal workshop environments and non-explosive atmospheres,
including transportation, installation, setting, maintenance, repair and dismantling for removal or
disposal of EDM equipment and EDM systems.
This International Standard is also applicable to auxiliary devices essential for EDM processing.
This International Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous
events relevant to EDM equipment and EDM systems, where they are used as intended and under
conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
This International Standard is intended to apply to machines manufactured after the date of publication
of this International Standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3746, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using
sound pressure — Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane
ISO 4871, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment
ISO 11202, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental
corrections
ISO 13849-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design
ISO 13855, Safety of machinery — Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of parts
of the human body
ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs
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ISO/DIS 28881:2019(E)
ISO 14118, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
1)
ISO 7010, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Required safety signs
IEC 60204-1:2016, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards — Immunity for
industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-4: Generic standards — Emission standard
for industrial environments
IEC 61310-1, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for visual,
acoustic and tactile signals
IEC 61310-2, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 2: Requirements for marking
IEC 61558-1, Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar products — Part 1: General
requirements and tests
IEC 61800-5-2:2007, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems — Part 5-2: Safety requirements —
Functional
EN ISO 14119:2013, Safety of machinery - Interlocking devices associated with guards - Principles for
design and selection (ISO 14119:2013)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and ISO 13849-1 and
the following apply.
3.1
electrical discharge machining
EDM
any machining process based on spark erosion
Note 1 to entry: Electrical discharge machining is generally abbreviated as "EDM".
3.2
EDM process
removal of material in dielectric fluid by electrical discharges, which are separated in time and
randomly distributed in space, between two electrically conductive electrodes, and where the energy
in the discharge is controlled
Note 1 to entry: The two electrically conductive electrodes are the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode.
3.3
EDM equipment
machine tool that includes all the necessary units for the process of EDM machining
EXAMPLE Generator, control circuits and dielectric fluid container.
3.4
EDM system
assembly of EDM equipment and other machines or devices, which are arranged, linked and controlled
to function as an integrated whole
1) The graphical symbol collections of ISO 7000, ISO 7001 and ISO 7010 are also available online in the ISO web
store. For more information, consult http: //www .iso .org/iso/fr/publications _and _e -products/databases .htm
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 28881:2019
ISO/DIS 28881:2019(E)
3.5
EDM die sinking
removal of material by spark erosion with a formed or bar-shape electrode to produce various shapes
in the workpiece
Note 1 to entry: Shapes in the workpiece may be concave, convex and prismatic holes.
3.6
EDM drilling
removal of material by spark erosion with a tubular electrode to produce straight holes in the workpiece
3.7
EDM wire cutting
removal of material by spark erosion with a wire electrode to produce prismatic shapes in the workpiece
3.8
control circuit
circuit used for the control, including monitoring, of the machine
Note 1 to entry: For electrical equipment, see IEC 60204-1:2016, 3.1.10.
3.9
machine control system
system that responds to input signals from parts of machine elements, operators, external control
equipment or any combination of these, and generates output signals causing a machine to behave in
the intended manner, as specified in ISO 13849-1:2006, 3.1.32
3.10
numerical control
NC
computerized numerical control
CNC
automatic control of a process performed by a device, which makes use of numerical data introduced
while the operation is in progress
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2806:1994, definition 2.1.1 — modified.]
3.11
electronic handwheel
manually operated control device that initiates and maintains an axis movement by pulse generation
input to the numerical control during its rotation
3.12
enabling device
additional manually operated device used in conjunction with a start control and which, where
continuously actuated, allows a machine to function
[SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.2 — modified.]
3.13
hold-to-run control device
control device that initiates and maintains hazardous machine functions only as long as the manual
control (actuator) is actuated
[SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.3 — modified.]
3.14
dielectric fluid
non-conductive medium to improve the discharge effect, evacuate debris and cool the
workpiece/electrode
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ISO/DIS 28881:2019(E)
3.15
flammable dielectric fluid
dielectric fluid used in EDM, characterized by its relative ease of ignition and relative ability to sustain
combustion
3.16
flash point
minimum temperature at which the dielectric fluid used in the sinking EDM gives off sufficient
combustible gas or vapour to ignite and sustain combustion
3.17
dielectric fluid container
tank system to keep the dielectric fluid in a condition suitable for EDM
EXAMPLE Filtering and cooling.
3.18
work tank
unit surrounding the work area to contain the dielectric fluid for EDM processes
3.19
work area
space within the envelope of the machine where the EDM process can take place
(inside and around the work tank)
3.20
generator
unit to convert the electrical power supplied to the EDM equipment and EDM system for the purpose of
being used for spark erosion processing
3.21
electrical machining power
electrical power supplied to the EDM equipment and EDM system transformed by the generator in
specific electric energy, supplied as a tool to the sinker/wire electrode and the workpiece, to perform
machining by electro-thermal material removal
3.22
electrode changer
mechanism integrated with the machine to supply an electrode to the machine, in
exchange for another electrode
Note 1 to entry: The changing device is expected to enable an operator to load/unload electrodes from outside of
the work area.
3.23
workpiece changer
mechanism forming part of the machine to supply a workpiece or pallet to the
machine, in exchange for another workpiece or pallet
Note 1 to entry: The workpiece changer/pallet changer is designed to enable an operator to load/unload the
workpiece or pallet to the magazine from outside of the work area.
3.24
operating mode
possible mode for use of the machine
3.24.1
automatic mode (MO 1: Automatic)
mode for use under numerical control to achieve programmed sequential operation with the guards
closed, until stopped by a program or an operator
Note 1 to entry: This term is equivalent to machining mode.
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Note 2 to entry: For machinery having automatic setting programs, such operations are considered automatic mode.
3.24.2
setting mode (MO 2: Setting)
mode for use without electrical machining power, for operations in which adjustments for the
subsequent machining are performed by the operator
Note 1 to entry: Measuring cycles (e.g. touching of the workpiece with a probe or electrode), checking the
movement of the workpiece and/or electrode using the electrode and/or workpiece changer, checking/optimizing
the injection or suction flushing, a dry run for checking the NC program, etc. are procedures forming part of the
setting mode (see 5.3.2.2).
3.24.3
discharge alignment mode (MO 3: Manual intervention)
mode for use for specific alignment with the electrical discharge on and with the guards of EDM
equipment temporarily open and alternative safety measures activated
EXAMPLE Exhaust air extraction adjustment, vertical wire alignment, dielectric fluid flushing adjustment
and visual machining inspection.
3.24.4
service mode (MO service)
mode for service and maintenance tasks
Note 1 to entry: In MO service, the machining of a workpiece is not allowed.
EXAMPLE Axis calibration by e.g. laser, generator calibration, repeatability test
3.25
performance level
PL
discrete level to specify the ability of safety-related parts of control systems to perform a safety
function under reasonably foreseeable conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 13849-1:2006, 3.1.23 — modified.]
3.26
mean time to dangerous failure
MTTF
d
expectation of the mean time to dangerous failure
[SOURCE: ISO 13849-1, 3.1.25]
3.27
electro-magnetic compatibility
ability of EDM equipment and EDM systems to function satisfactorily in their electro-magnetic
environment without introducing intolerable electro-magnetic disturbances to anything in that
environment
Note 1 to entry: Electro-magnetic compatibility is generally abbreviated as "EMC".
3.28
shielding
mechanical barrier or enclosure of conductive material intended to attenuate the emission/penetration
of a varying electro-magnetic field into an assigned region
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4 List of significant hazards
This clause lists all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with
in this International Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery,
and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
NOTE 1 The purpose of risk assessment is to identify hazards, and to estimate and evaluate risk to be reduced
and to transfer the remaining risk to the user (see Clause 6). There are many methods and tools available for this
purpose and several are described in this International Standard. The method or tool chosen is largely a matter
of industry, company or personal preference. The choice of a specific method or tool is less important than the
process itself. The benefits of risk assessment come from the discipline of the process rather than the precision
of the results: as long as a systematic approach is taken to get from hazard identification to risk reduction, all the
elements of risk are considered (see ISO/TR 14121-2).
The list of hazards given in Table 1 is the result of a risk assessment carried out for all EDM equipment
covered by this International Standard. The technical measures and information for use in Clauses 5
and 6 are based on the risk assessment and deal with the identified hazards by either eliminating them
or reducing the effects of the risks they generate.
NOTE 2 The designer’s attention is focused on hazards which can occur during the life of the machine. The risk
assessment assumes risks to both the operator(s) and other person(s) who can have access to the hazard zone(s)
for conditions of intended use, including reasonably foreseeable misuse of the machine (see ISO 12100:2010,
3.23 and 3.24) for both spark erosion with automatic mode and operations requiring intervention (e.g. setting,
maintenance and repair).
The significant hazards covered by this International Standard are listed in Table 1.
Particular attention is paid to hazards dealing with:
— electrical hazards (electrode voltage);
— flammable dielectric fluid (level, temperature, fire detection);
— hazardous substances (included in waste disposal, used filters, used dielectric fluid, electrodes and
sludges);
— electro-magnetic emissions (radiated and conducted); see IEC 61000-6-2 EMC for immunity and
IEC 61000-6-4 EMC for emission.
Table 1 — List of significant hazards and major sources of these hazards
associated with electrical discharge machines
Hazardous
Reference
a
No. Hazard type situation Activity Danger zone
to Table 3
action
1 Mechanical hazards:
Acceleration, de-
celeration (kinetic
energy of elements Movements of machine
Setting, machining At and near the ma-
1.1 in controlled or un- elements, failure of the A1, A2, A3, A8
and maintenance chine
controlled motion): control circuit
being run over,
impact
Loading/unloading, Between clamps and
1.2.1 Workpiece clamping A1, A2, A3
reorienting workpiece
Power-operated,
Cutting parts, sharp 1.2.2 Automatic workpiece/ Envelope of work-
workpiece/ elec- A1, A2, A3
1.2 edges: crushing and electrode changing piece/electrode motion
trode change
shearing
1.2.3 Moving parts (e.g. Manual operation, Between workpiece/
axes, rolling elements), fail- workpiece/elec- electrode and ma- A1, A2, A3, B4
ure of the control circuit trode change chine parts
a
This list is derived from ISO 12100:2010, Table B.1.
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Table 1 (continued)
Hazardous
Reference
a
No. Hazard type situation Activity Danger zone
to Table 3
action
Manual or automatic work-
Manual or power-op-
Moving and/or piece/electrode changing, Between workpiece/
erated workpiece/
1.3 rotating elements: spindle rotation and wire electrode and ma- A1, A2, A3, B4
electrode changing
entanglement rollers rotation, failure of chine parts
and spindle rotation
the control circuit
Hydraulic/pneumatic
High pressure: fluid systems ejection, leak- Setting, machining At and near the ma-
1.4 A4
injection or ejection age, flushing and residual and maintenance chine
pressure
Work tanks where
Rough, slippery
Ejection or spillage of fluids whole-body access is
surface: slipping, During and after
and lubricants, trailing possible, slippery floor
1.5 tripping and falling machining and A6
floor-mounted or loose and high working po-
of persons (related maintenance
connection cables sitions, area surround-
to machinery)
ing the machine
Loss of stability:
— unbalanced
machine or
parts
— inappropriately
Machine assembly,
Impact, trapping and/or
fixed part of
transportation, At and near the ma-
1.6 crushing by inclination A9
machine
installation and chine
and/or falling of machine
commissioning
— lifted machine
or parts by
crane
— transportation
with overload
2 Electrical hazards:
Live parts (direct
Contact with workpiece/
contact): electrical Process control,
electrode, wire/wire-path Workpiece, electrode,
2.1 shocks to persons, setting and mainte- B1, B2
and contact with unprotect- tooling fixture
effect on medical nance
ed circuits
implants, shock
Parts that become
live under fault
At and near the ma-
conditions (indirect Contact with parts of the Maintenance and ser-
chine, insulation of
2.2 contact): elect
...
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