oSIST prEN IEC 63452:2025

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2025
Železniške naprave - Kibernetska varnost
Railway applications - Cybersecurity
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 63452:2025
ICS:
35.030 Informacijska varnost IT Security
45.020 Železniška tehnika na Railway engineering in
splošno general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

9/3232A/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 63452 ED1
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2025-08-08 (2025-07-18) 2025-10-17 (2025-10-10)
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
9/3000/CD, 9/3036A/CC
IEC TC 9 : ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS FOR RAILWAYS
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
France Mr Denis MIGLIANICO
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: HORIZONTAL FUNCTION(S):
TC 65
ASPECTS CONCERNED:
Information security and data privacy
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of CENELEC, is
drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft for Vote (CDV) is submitted
for parallel voting.
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This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
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be included should this proposal proceed. Recipients are reminded that the CDV stage is the final stage for submitting ISC clauses.
(SEE AC/22/2007 OR NEW GUIDANCE DOC).
TITLE:
Railway applications – Cybersecurity
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2028
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
This A version shows aligned Word extraction from the OSD in regards of annexes and figures. The closing date for
voting has been extended to 2025-10-17. No technical modification has been made.
st
The Cenelec parallel vote status of this project has been changed on 1 of August, as reflected on this coverpage.
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Link to Committee Draft for Vote (CDV) online document:

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IEC CDV 63452 ED1 © IEC 2025
CONTENTS
CONTENTS . 1
FOREWORD . 13
Introduction. 15
Purpose . 15
Overview of the structure of this document . 15
1 Scope . 17
2 Normative references . 17
3 Terms and definitions, abbreviated terms and acronyms, taxonomy and terms
equivalence . 17
3.1 Terms and definitions. 17
3.2 Abbreviated terms and acronyms . 46
3.3 Railway system taxonomy and terms equivalence . 50
4 Railway system overview . 53
4.1 Purpose . 53
4.2 Overview . 53
4.3 Inputs / Outputs . 54
4.4 [SO-01-01] Identification of the railway system . 54
4.4.1 Requirement . 54
4.4.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 54
4.5 [SO-02-01] Definition of a high-level railway system model . 56
4.5.1 Requirement . 56
4.5.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 56
4.6 [SO-03-01] Definition of a high-level railway zone model . 58
4.6.1 Requirement . 58
4.6.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 58
4.7 [SO-04-01] Specification of shared cybersecurity services . 60
4.7.1 Requirement . 60
4.7.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 60
5 Enterprise cybersecurity programme and management . 62
5.1 Overview . 62
5.2 Inputs / Outputs . 62
5.3 [CP-01-01] Railway OT cybersecurity policy . 63
5.3.1 Requirement . 63
5.3.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 63
5.4 [CP-01-02] Railway OT cybersecurity programme . 63
5.4.1 Requirement . 63
5.4.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 64
5.5 [CP-02-01] Information sharing management . 65
5.5.1 Requirement . 65
5.5.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 65
5.6 [CP-03-01] Competency management . 65
5.6.1 Requirement . 65
5.6.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 66
5.7 [CP-04-01] Inventory management . 66
5.7.1 Requirement . 66
5.7.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 67
IEC CDV 63452 ED1 © IEC 2025
5.8 [CP-05-01] Supply chain management . 67
5.8.1 Requirement . 67
5.8.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 67
5.9 [CP-06-01] Risk management . 70
5.9.1 Requirement . 70
5.9.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 71
5.10 [CP-07-01] Business continuity management . 71
5.10.1 Requirement . 71
5.10.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 72
5.11 [CP-08-01] Data protection management . 72
5.11.1 Requirement . 72
5.11.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 73
6 Cybersecurity within a railway application life cycle . 74
6.1 Purpose . 74
6.2 Railway application and product life cycles . 74
6.3 Manage cybersecurity activities and interfaces . 74
6.3.1 Inputs / Outputs . 74
6.3.2 [LC-01-01] Assign Project Cybersecurity Manager . 74
6.3.3 [LC-02-01] Plan project cybersecurity activities till the handover . 75
6.3.4 [LC-02-02] Tailoring the cybersecurity management plan . 76
6.3.5 [LC-02-03] Cybersecurity management plan approval . 76
6.3.6 [LC-02-04] Management of security issues before handover . 77
6.3.7 [LC-03-01] Manage product suppliers . 77
6.3.8 [LC-04-01] Manage interaction with safety and RAM teams . 77
6.4 Cybersecurity activities mapping to the IEC 62278-1 life cycle . 78
7 Risk assessment for system design . 83
7.1 Purpose and outcome . 83
7.2 Overview . 83
7.3 Identify the SUC and its security context . 86
7.3.1 Description . 86
7.3.2 Inputs / Outputs . 86
7.3.3 [ZR-01-01] Identify the SUC, its security perimeter and access points . 86
7.3.4 [ZR-01-02] Identify the cybersecurity context . 87
7.4 Initial Risk Assessment . 89
7.4.1 Description . 89
7.4.2 Inputs / Outputs . 89
7.4.3 [ZR-02-01] Initial risk assessment . 89
7.5 Partitioning of the SUC in zones and conduits . 90
7.5.1 Description . 90
7.5.2 Inputs / Outputs . 90
7.5.3 [ZR-03-01] Partitioning of the SUC . 90
7.6 Risk comparison . 91
7.6.1 Description . 91
7.6.2 Inputs / Outputs . 91
7.6.3 [ZR-04-01] Compare initial risk with tolerable risk . 91
7.7 Detailed Risk Assessment . 92
7.7.1 Description . 92
7.7.2 Inputs / Outputs . 92
7.7.3 [ZR-05-01] Perform Detailed Risk Assessment . 92
IEC CDV 63452 ED1 © IEC 2025
7.7.4 [ZR-05-02] Identify threats . 93
7.7.5 [ZR-05-03] Identify vulnerabilities . 94
7.7.6 [ZR-05-04] Manage identified threats and vulnerabilities . 95
7.7.7 [ZR-05-05] Apply a code of practice . 95
7.7.8 [ZR-05-06] Application requirements from a reference system . 95
7.7.9 Explicit Risk Evaluation [ZR-05-07, ZR-05-08, ZR-05-09] . 96
7.7.10 [ZR-05-10] Threats coverage and risk acceptance . 100
7.7.11 [ZR-05-11] Document results of the Detailed Risk Assessment . 100
7.8 Document cyber security requirements . 101
7.8.1 Description . 101
7.8.2 Inputs / Outputs . 101
7.8.3 [ZR-06-01] Cybersecurity requirements specification . 101
7.9 Asset owner's approval . 103
7.9.1 Description . 103
7.9.2 Inputs / Outputs . 103
7.9.3 [ZR-07-01] Asset owner's approval . 103
8 Cybersecurity architecture, integration and configuration . 103
8.1 Purpose . 103
8.2 Inputs / Outputs . 103
8.3 SUC cybersecurity functional architecture . 104
8.3.1 [AA-01-01] Cybersecurity Architecture . 104
8.3.2 [AA-01-02] Cybersecurity shall not adversely impact essential functions . 104
8.3.3 [AA-01-03] Requirements apportionment to subsystems . 105
8.3.4 [AA-01-04] Inclusion of compensating countermeasures . 106
8.3.5 [AA-01-05] Cybersecurity requirement traceability . 106
8.4 Cybersecurity integration . 106
8.4.1 [AA-02-01] Cybersecurity guidelines for the railway solution . 106
8.5 Cybersecurity configuration . 107
8.5.1 [AA-03-01] Cybersecurity parameterization and configuration of the
railway solution . 107
9 Cybersecurity assurance for railway solutions . 107
9.1 Purpose . 107
9.2 Overview . 108
9.3 Cybersecurity verification and validation . 109
9.3.1 Description . 109
9.3.2 Inputs / Outputs . 109
9.3.3 [CA-01-01] Plan cybersecurity evaluation activities . 110
9.3.4 [CA-01-02] Independence of security testers . 111
9.3.5 [CA-01-03] Execution of cybersecurity evaluation activities. 111
9.3.6 [CA-01-04] Verification of cybersecurity deliverables . 112
9.3.7 [CA-01-05] Cybersecurity validation of the railway solution . 112
9.3.8 [CA-01-06] Railway solution cybersecurity case . 113
9.4 Railway solution acceptance . 114
9.4.1 Description . 114
9.4.2 Inputs / Outputs . 114
9.4.3 [CA-02-01] Establish cybersecurity handover plan . 115
9.4.4 [CA-02-02] Approval of the cybersecurity handover plan . 115
9.4.5 [CA-02-03] Approval of the cybersecurity case . 116
9.4.6 [CA-02-04] Perform cybersecurity handover. 116
IEC CDV 63452 ED1 © IEC 2025
10 Operational, maintenance and decommissioning requirements . 116
10.1 Overview . 116
10.2 Inputs / Outputs . 118
10.3 [OM-01-01] Cybersecurity maintenance plan . 119
10.3.1 Requirement . 119
10.3.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 119
10.4 [OM-01-02] Cybersecurity rules and procedures . 120
10.4.1 Requirement . 120
10.4.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 120
10.5 [OM-01-03] Continuous cybersecurity verification . 121
10.5.1 Requirement . 121
10.5.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 121
10.6 [OM-02-01] Railway application cybersecurity case . 121
10.6.1 Requirement . 121
10.6.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 121
10.7 [OM-03-01] Risk assessment update . 122
10.7.1 Requirement . 122
10.7.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 122
10.8 [OM-04-01] Vulnerability advisories . 123
10.8.1 Requirement . 123
10.8.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 123
10.9 [OM-04-02] Cybersecurity testing and report . 123
10.9.1 Requirement . 123
10.9.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 123
10.10 [OM-04-03] Vulnerability management . 124
10.10.1 Requirement . 124
10.10.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 124
10.11 [OM-05-01] Patch management process . 124
10.11.1 Requirement . 124
10.11.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 125
10.12 [OM-05-02] Patch management supply chain . 125
10.12.1 Requirement . 125
10.12.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 125
10.13 [OM-05-03] End-of-life and end-of-security-support considerations . 126
10.13.1 Requirement . 126
10.13.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 126
10.14 [OM-06-01] Incident management . 126
10.14.1 Requirement . 126
10.14.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 126
10.15 [OM-06-02] Backup and recovery management . 129
10.15.1 Requirement . 129
10.15.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 129
10.16 [OM-07-01] Security monitoring . 130
10.16.1 Requirement . 130
10.16.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 130
10.17 [OM-08-01] Decommissioning management . 131
10.17.1 Requirement . 131
10.17.2 Rationale and supplemental guidance . 131
Annex A (informative) Handling conduits . 132
IEC CDV 63452 ED1 © IEC 2025
A.1 General . 132
A.2 Protection profiles for conduits . 133
Annex B (informative) Handling legacy systems . 135
General . 136
B.1 Basic security risks . 136
B.1.1 A denial of service attacks and vulnerability exploits . 136
B.1.2 Impersonation attack . 136
B.2 Basic process activities . 137
B.2.1 General . 137
B.2.2 Zoning . 137
B.2.3 Defence in depth . 137
B.2.4 Basic risk analysis . 138
B.2.5 (Re-)Commissioning . 138
B.2.6 Site acceptance test (SAT) . 138
B.2.7 Operation . 139
B.2.8 Training of personnel . 139
B.2.9 Asset inventory . 139
B.3 Basic security countermeasures . 139
B.3.1 General . 139
B.3.2 Protect installation . 139
B.3.3 Regular inspection of installation . 140
B.3.4 Network / perimeter protection . 140
B.3.5 Network segmentation / restricted data flow . 140
B.3.6 Monitoring and network management . 140
B.3.7 Network management system . 141
B.3.8 Intrusion detection / SIEM . 141
B.3.9 Virtual private networks (VPN) . 142
B.3.10 Redundant communication. 142
B.3.11 Security gateway . 142
B.3.12 Handling USB connectors . 142
B.3.13 Encryption . 143
B.3.14 Authentication . 143
Annex C (informative) Cybersecurity design principles and system requirements . 144
C.1 Cybersecurity design principles. 144
C.1.1 Introduction . 144
C.1.2 Secure the weakest link . 144
C.1.3 Defence in depth . 145
C.1.4 Fail secure. 148
C.1.5 Grant least privilege . 149
C.1.6 Economise mechanism . 150
C.1.7 Authenticate requests . 152
C.1.8 Control access . 154
C.1.9 Assume secrets not safe . 155
C.1.10 Make security usable . 156
C.1.11 Promote privacy. 158
C.1.12 Audit and monitor . 158
C.1.13 Proportionality principle . 160
C.1.14 Precautionary principle . 161
C.1.15 Continuous protection . 162
IEC CDV 63452 ED1 © IEC 2025
C.1.16 Secure metadata . 163
C.1.17 Secure defaults . 164
C.1.18 Trusted components . 165
C.2 Guidelines for implementation in a railway environment . 166
Annex D (informative) Safety and cybersecurity . 202
General . 203
D.1 Differences between safety and cybersecurity . 203
D.2 Security from a safety perspective . 204
D.3 Co-engineering of safety and security . 204
D.4 Quantification of security . 205
D.5 The relationship between safety integrity levels and security levels . 205
D.6 Responsibility for security . 206
Annex E (informative) Risk acceptance methods . 207
E.1 General . 207
E.2 Example 1 . 207
E.2.1 Introduction . 207
E.2.2 Impact assessment . 207
E.2.3 Likelihood assessment . 208
E.2.4 Risk tolerability . 208
E.2.5 Justification . 209
E.3 Example 2 . 209
E.3.1 Introduction . 209
E.3.2 Impact assessment . 209
E.3.3 Likelihood assessment . 210
E.3.4 Risk tolerability . 211
E.3.5 Justification . 211
E.4 Example 3 . 211
E.4.1 Introduction . 211
E.4.2 Impact assessment . 211
E.4.3 Likelihood assessment . 212
E.4.4 Risk tolerability . 213
E.4.5 Justification . 213
E.5 Example 4 . 213
E.5.1 Introduction . 213
E.5.2 Impact Assessment . 213
E.5.3 Likelihood assessment . 214
E.5.4 Risk acceptance . 216
E.5.5 Justification . 216
Annex F (informative) Railway system models and zone models . 218
F.1 Design guidance and rules . 218
F.1.1 Design guidance for system models . 218
F.1.2 Design rules for the area-based model . 218
F.1.3 Design rules for the topology-based model . 219
F.2 Magnifications of the high-level railway zone model . 219
F.2.1 Design Guidance for zone models . 222
F.3 Train to ground communication . 234
F.3.1 Introduction . 234
F.3.2 Communication channel. 234
IEC CDV 63452 ED1 © IEC 2025
F.3.3 Principles . 235
Annex G (informative) Cybersecurity deliverables content . 236
G.1 Purpose . 236
G.2 Railway OT cybersecurity policy and cybersecurity programme . 236
G.2.1 Railway OT cybersecurity policy . 236
G.2.2 Railway OT cybersecurity programme . 236
G.2.3 Rational and guidance . 237
G.3 Cybersecurity management plan . 237
G.4 Risk assessment report . 239
G.5 Cybersecurity requirement specification . 239
G.6 Cybersecurity guidelines for the railway solution . 240
G.7 Cybersecurity evaluation plan . 241
G.8 Cybersecurity case . 242
G.9 Cybersecurity maintenance plan . 243
Annex H (informative) Cybersecurity competence profiles . 245
H.1 Purpose . 245
H.2 Railway cybersecurity competence profiles . 246
H.2.1 Introduction . 246
H.2.2 Railway Project Cybersecurity Manager . 246
H.2.3 Railway Cybersecurity Architect . 247
H.2.4 Railway Cybersecurity Risk Analyst . 248
H.2.5 Railway Cybersecurity Implementer . 249
H.2.6 Railway Cybersecurity Penetration Tester . 250
H.2.7 Railway Cybersecurity Assessor . 252
H.2.8 Railway Cybersecurity Verifier . 253
H.2.9 Railway Cybersecurity Validator . 254
H.2.10 Railway Cybersecurity Administrator . 255
H.2.11 Railway Cybersecurity Incident Responder . 256
H.2.12 Railway Chief Information Security Officer . 257
Annex I (informative) Cybersecurity for operation and maintenance activities -
Operational guidance . 260
I.1 Purpose . 260
I.2 Change to maintenance activities and teams . 260
I.3 Access Strategy . 260
I.3.1 Physical Access: . 260
I.3.2 Role-Based Access: . 260
I.3.3 Network Access: . 261
I.3.4 Consistency for Access Protection: . 261
I.4 Remote Access and Maintenance . 261
I.4.1 General . 261
I.4.2 Remote Maintenance OT . 261
I.4.3 Methods of Remote Maintenance . 261
I.5 Other aspects to be correctly addressed . 262
I.5.1 Data Protection: . 262
I.5.2 Decommissioning: . 262
I.5.3 Awareness of People: . 262
I.5.4 Use of Portable Media (such as laptop, USB key): . 262
I.5.5 Key Exchange and Management: . 262
Annex J (informative) Vulnerability Management - Operational guidance . 263
IEC CDV 63452 ED1 © IEC 2025
J.1 Purpose . 263
J.2 organizational aspects . 263
J.3 Process scoping . 263
J.4 Vulnerability identification, analysis and prioritization criteria . 264
J.5 Vulnerability remediation . 265
Annex K (informative) Cloud security . 268
K.1 General . 268
K.2 Applicability . 268
K.3 Cloud Security within the railway application life cycle . 269
K.3.1 Specification Phase . 269
K.3.2 Design and Implementation Phase . 270
K.3.3 Validation Phase . 274
K.3.4 Operations and Maintenance Phase . 275
K.3.5 Decommissioning . 278
K.3.6 Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery . 278
K.4 Cross-Refe
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