SIST-V ETSI/EG 202 848 V1.1.1:2011

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-V ETSI/EG 202 848 V1.1.1:2011
01-julij-2011
ýORYHãNLGHMDYQLNL+)9NOMXþXMRþHHVWRULWYH]DYVH2SWLPL]LUDQMHGRVWRSQRVWL
LQXSRUDEDQDVOHGQMHJDXSRUDEQLNDWHKQRORJLMHPHGVHERMQHJDYSOLYDQMD
Human Factors (HF) - Inclusive eServices for all: Optimizing the accessibility and the use
of upcoming user-interaction technologies
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EG 202 848 Version 1.1.1
ICS:
03.080.01 Storitve na splošno Services in general
35.240.01 Uporabniške rešitve Application of information
informacijske tehnike in technology in general
tehnologije na splošno
SIST-V ETSI/EG 202 848 V1.1.1:2011 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-V ETSI/EG 202 848 V1.1.1:2011

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SIST-V ETSI/EG 202 848 V1.1.1:2011

ETSI EG 202 848 V1.1.1 (2011-02)
ETSI Guide


Human Factors;
Inclusive eServices for all: Optimizing the accessibility and
the use of upcoming user-interaction technologies

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Reference
DEG/HF-00109
Keywords
Design for All, accessibility, user, interface,
interaction
ETSI
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Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Rationale . 9
5 Method . 10
6 Roadmaps of user interaction technologies . 11
6.1 General . 11
6.1.1 Contents of the user interaction technology roadmaps . 11
6.1.2 Contents of the technology properties . 12
6.1.3 Key Design for All solutions . 12
6.2 Acoustic/audio input technologies roadmap . 14
6.3 Kinaesthetic input technologies roadmap . 29
6.4 Presence/location/proximity-based input technologies roadmap. 41
6.5 Recognition/mood/activity-based input technologies roadmap . 49
6.6 Smell-based input technologies roadmap . 65
6.7 Touch-based input technologies roadmaps . 68
6.8 Visual input technologies roadmap . 80
6.9 Acoustic/audio output technologies roadmap . 85
6.10 Haptic/tactile output technologies roadmap . 101
6.11 Smell-based output technologies roadmap . 113
6.12 Taste-based output technologies roadmap . 118
6.13 Visual output technologies roadmap . 123
Annex A: Alphabetic list of user interaction technologies . 166
Annex B: Bibliography . 169
History . 172

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Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This ETSI Guide (EG) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Human Factors (HF).
Introduction
Europe, as well as other economically developed areas, is facing a number of social and economic challenges including
an ageing population and high expectations with regard to quality of life, in particular in healthcare, environmental and
transportation concerns. These changes in society are also reflected in new requirements for products and services
resulting from changing sensory, cognitive and physical abilities of their users.
Experience shows a predominant pattern of products and services being offered that do not take sufficiently into
account the needs of people with mild or severe impairments. This tendency contributes to create gaps between people
with disabilities and the average population regarding the usage of Information and Communication Technologies
(ICT). Two reasons for this state of affairs can be identified. First, companies do not see a business case in offering
barrier-free products. Secondly, product and eService developers are often unaware of the requirements of customers
with impairments, neither are they familiar with appropriate design solutions that in many cases are not very demanding
in terms of research and development (R&D) and production costs.
The motivation for the development of barrier-free services and technologies can be regarded as demand driven,
i.e. users, organisations and policy makers express needs that they are not able to satisfy today with existing eService
offerings and products. Adopting a Design for All approach should be perceived as an opportunity as it can frequently
lead to innovative design solutions that bring benefits to all users, increasing the overall attractiveness of product
offerings.
The present document addresses relevant user requirements by taking a long-term approach in ensuring that new ICT
will consider the various needs of all users (including older users and those with disabilities) at the time when the
technology is first deployed, not as an afterthought as has been the case for many significant previous technological
developments.
Building a Design for All approach into the design process of devices and services will ensure that these products have
the broadest possible range of application by users with different abilities and users in different contexts. Fully utilising
the provisions in the present document will enable manufacturers and suppliers to demonstrate that they have
understood and overcome potential accessibility barriers that would otherwise have been created by new interaction
technologies that they are using. Adopting such a planned inclusive design approach can be utilised as a positive
marketing message that can be given when introducing such products.
Furthermore, adopting the provisions given in the present document will also significantly reduce the risk that
manufacturers and suppliers who employ future interaction technologies will introduce products that fail to meet the
needs of all sectors of society. Such use of the provisions will thus help industry to avoid the twin penalties of:
• the damage to corporate image that results from the introduction of products that are seen to discriminate
against and exclude sectors of society that command widespread public sympathy;
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• the very high costs of having to retrospectively and rapidly re-engineer products in order to ensure that they no
longer exclude sectors of society that have already been alienated by previous versions of the product.
Adopting the provisions in the present document may reduce the likelihood that device manufactures and eService
providers become the subject of regulation. By doing so, they will be well prepared to comply with any standards or
regulation that may in the future be implemented to achieve an inclusive approach to private and public procurement.
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1 Scope
The present document provides guidance for the user interaction design of telecommunication devices and services that
are likely to become available for large-scale rollout to consumers in the next five to ten years. In particular, the
document identifies provisions that have to be made in order to ensure that forthcoming interaction technologies
deployed in devices and services will be usable by all users including older people and/or people with disabilities.
The present document lists user interaction technologies likely to be employed in future devices and services in the
form of a technology roadmap. For each identified technology, key characteristics specified include:
• user requirements impacted by the technology;
• benefits and accessibility barriers that will result from deployment;
• solutions related to accessibility barriers (both those benefiting disabled users only as well as those being
useful for all users in different contexts).
Measures are identified that need to be addressed prior to the large-scale implementation of those technologies in order
to ensure their usability by users with the widest range of characteristics.
Within the scope of the document are those interaction technologies that are likely to be used in information and
communication products and services and are likely to achieve a mass-market breakthrough between 2010 and 2020.
Interaction technologies that are exclusively used in:
• stand-alone, off-line products and services;
• assistive devices;
• safety and security-related products and services;
are not within the scope of the present document, even though the guidelines may also apply to some of them.
General user interface design issues (e.g. cognitive workload) that affect the usability and accessibility of user interfaces
for eServices are also outside of the scope of the present document.
The intended readers of the present document are the designers, manufacturers and suppliers of all ICT products and
services that may use new user interaction technologies in their future offerings. Researchers benefit from the present
document by integrating its findings into their research at a very early stage.
It is expected that the present document should be utilised in the earliest stages of the planning of a new product or
eService to ensure that the measures proposed can be taken into account during all stages of the product design and
implementation process. Such usage should ensure that the resulting product or eService is as barrier free in its design
as possible.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
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2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EG 202 116: "Human Factors (HF); Guidelines for ICT products and services; "Design for
All"".
[i.2] ETSI TR 102 849: "Human Factors (HF); Inclusive eServices for all; Background analysis of
future interaction technologies and supporting information".
[i.3] ISO TR 29138-1: "Information technology - Accessibility considerations for people with
disabilities - Part 1: User needs summary".
[i.4] ISO 9241-920: "Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 920: Guidance on tactile and
haptic interactions".
[i.5] The Center for Universal Design, NC State University.
NOTE: Available at http://www.design.ncsu.edu/cud/about_ud/udprinciplestext.htm.
[i.6] ISO 9241-20: "Ergonomics of human-system interaction. Accessibility guidelines for
information/communication technology (ICT) equipment and services".
[i.7] ETSI EG 202 417: "Human Factors (HF); User education guidelines for mobile terminals and
services".
[i.8] ETSI TR 102 068: "Human Factors (HF); Requirements for assistive technology devices in ICT".
[i.9] ETSI ES 202 076: "Human Factors (HF); User Interfaces; Generic spoken command vocabulary
for ICT devices and services".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
augmented reality: augmented reality displays are those in which the image is of a primarily real environment, which
is enhanced, or augmented, with computer-generated imagery
NOTE: More generally, augmented reality can be defined as any media that is specific to user's location or
context, which is displayed in order to augment or enhance user's specific reality.
Design for All: design of products to be accessible and usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the
need for specialized adaptation
eService: See service.
eService cluster: collection of multiple (electronic) services aggregating into one (joint, often more abstract) eService
haptic: passive perception through the sense of touch
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input modality: sense or channel through which a human can receive the output of an ICT device or service
EXAMPLE: Visual modality.
interaction modality: input modality or output modality
interaction technology: See user interaction technology.
modality: See sensory modality.
multimodal: relating to multiple input modalities and/or output modalities
multimodality: simultaneous support of multiple input modalities and/or output modalities
output modality: channel through which a sensor, device or service can receive the input from the human
EXAMPLE: Kinaesthetic modality.
sensory modality: sense or channel through which a human can send input to or receive output from an ICT device or
service
EXAMPLE: Kinaesthetic modality.
service: complete capability, including terminal equipment functions, for communication between users, systems and
applications, according to agreed protocols
tactile: perception through the sense of touch while actively moving parts of the body
user interaction technology: any instrument, equipment or technical system enabling a user to interactively
communicate with a device or service
user interface: physical and logical interface through which a user communicates with a device or service
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AAC Augmented and Alternative Communication
ADC Analogue-to-Digital Converter
AEC Acoustic Echo Cancellation
AR Augmented Reality
AT Assistive Technology
AVSR Audio-Visual Speech Recognition
BSS Blind Source Separation
CSCW Computer Supported Co-operative Work
DOF Degrees of Freedom
DSR Distributed Speech Recognition
DTW Dynamic Time Warping
DVB-S Digital Video Broadcasting, Satellite television
DVD Digital Versatile Disk (also known as digital video disk)
DVDD Direct Volume Display Devices
FOV Field Of View
GPS Global Positioning System
GUI Graphical User Interface
HD High Definition
HDTV High Definition Television
HMD Head-Mounted Displays
HRTF Head-Related Transfer Function
HUD Head-Up Displays
ICT Information and Communication Technologies
IR Infrared
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light-emitting diode
MEMS Micro-Electromechanical Systems
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NFC Near Field Communication (wireless)
NGN Next Generation Network
OIV Obscured Information Visualization
OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
PC Personal Computer
PDF Portable Document Format
PIR Passive Infrared Sensor
QoS Quality of Service
R&D Research and Development
RF Radio Frequency
RFID Radio-Frequency Identification
RSVP Rapid Serial Visual Presentation
SID Spatially Immersive Display
TTS Text-To-Speech
UI User Interface
WAI Web Accessibility Initiative
WCG Wide-Colour Gamut
WFS Wave Field Synthesis
4 Rationale
An analysis of the deployment of existing services and their user interfaces shows a common pattern of addressing the
requirements of older people and those with disabilities significantly after the initial availability of innovative new user
interaction technologies. This pattern is so common because new and sometimes disruptive technologies are usually
developed for and targeted at mainstream consumers, or at narrow target groups of early adopters, the wealthy or the
technology-aware.
Those new and/or disruptive technologies did not initially include the easy accommodation of the requirements of
people with disabilities. Subsequent measures for compensating these shortcomings have often been late and costly.
Examples of technologies deployed without appropriate consideration for the requirements of users with disabilities are
listed in table 4.1.
Table 4.1: Examples of accessibility gaps in consumer products
Technology Accessibility weaknesses
Personal computer (PC) The first PCs with character-based user interfaces were easily usable by blind
users with a Braille-keyboard device. The advent of graphical user interfaces
(GUI) suddenly excluded blind users until screen readers became available.
The Internet The problems are similar to the ones described for the PC, as early
communications services (e.g. gopher services and first E-mail services) were text
based and were later replaced by graphical interfaces such as web browsers. The
Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) stepped in late, and took long to evolve if
compared to the very dynamic development of web technologies.
Document file formats Documents produced in image-based versions of the PDF-format are not
accessible to blind users.
Digital music or media players Many classic cassette players have mechanical switches and mechanisms that
rely on the physical insertion and turning of a cassette to select different audio
segments. However, modern digital music players are increasingly relying on
on-screen interfaces with few, if any, physical controls to offer suitable feedback
and are therefore unsuitable for people with poor eyesight.
Biometric systems Biometric applications are more and more used for supporting authorisation and
access control. People with disabilities (e.g. physical or speech impairments) are
likely to face barriers as users of these systems. Multimodality may contribute to
accessibility in this field, as well as to higher levels of performance and user
acceptance.

The introduction of forthcoming applications and technologies such as ambient intelligence, ubiquitous communications
and others enabled by Next Generation Networks (NGN) should not follow the same pattern, but adopt a true "Design
for All" approach instead. This implies that the specific requirements of older users and users with disabilities should be
taken into account prior to the large-scale introduction of such technologies. These requirements lead to provisions that
should be made prior to or at the introduction of new technologies in order to meet the needs of all users.
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Emerging user interaction technologies may pose interaction challenges that still remain unaddressed by available
standards on generic accessibility of ICT products and services. One of the reasons for this may be that certain
modalities (e.g. haptic/tactile) have acquired an increasing importance in user interfaces, whereas previously they have
been used mainly as a complement to other modalities (e.g. visual and auditory). Furthermore, new interaction
paradigms (e.g. augmented reality) still lack a holistic analysis of their accessibility implications. The present document
addresses these and further issues attempting to identify relevant future interaction technologies and appropriate Design
for All provisions.
Implementing the provisions in the present document can result in a higher average revenue per user for eService
providers and an increased customer base for device manufacturers. Ensuring that the needs of older users and users
with disabilities are addressed in the initial release of a product or eService will avoid the additional re-development
costs incurred by the need to address this in later product releases.
Adapting new services and devices according to these provisions will result in inclusion for all users, regardless of their
age and impairments. Delivering services and devices that are accessible from the start will empower users,
strengthening trust in their ability to master new technologies designed to improve their quality of life. Switching to a
new eService or device will be easier for users when the provisions in the present document are adopted.
Previous ETSI work has produced an excellent basis for educating device and eService designers about the
requirements of older users and users with disabilities by illustrating design principles for barrier-free products and
services. One example of the many ETSI publications on barrier-free design is [i.1].
However, the current literature, including the documents published by ETSI, largely focuses on existing technologies.
The developers of innovative new technologies may be unaware of these resources and, if they are, it may not be
possible to apply guidance from these resources to the development of new technologies. The present document
addresses both the need for an analysis that anticipates the demands of new technologies and for the development of
guidance that is suitable for these forthcoming technologies.
5 Method
The technology roadmaps and technology properties listed in clause 6 were identified using a combination of desk
research and expert consultation. It included literature research and interviews with experts and stakeholders. The
development of the Design for All provisions in the present document resulted from an analysis of the options which
designers and manufactures have during the design of new services or access devices. Details of the working method
are described in [i.2].
Existing and forthcoming eServices were analyzed and grouped into eService clusters such as eHealth, eGovernment
and eLearning (see table 5.1). In order to systematically identify potential accessibility barriers to those eServices and
appropriate solutions, each interaction technology listed in clause 6 has been assessed against a set of generic user
requirements related to ICT accessibility. The main aim was to identify those user requirements that may create
accessibility barriers when making use of novel and emerging interaction technologies.
Table 5.1: eService Clusters
eService Clusters Explanations
eGovernment services eGovernment services include authentication services, electronic application for
id-cards, passports, driver's licenses, etc., remote payment of supplies like energy
and water, as well as eTax services that include the electronic filing of tax forms,
electronic payment of taxes and communication with tax offices.
eHealth services eHealth services are, among others telecare services, remote health monitoring,
access to patient data, remote diagnosis and electronic prescription services.
Social services delivered through Social services delivered through electronic means comprise remote supervision of
electronic means people in need, ICT-supported caretaking (incl. robotics applications), social
communities, electronic support for old people in need, messaging services, sharing

services for
...