SIST EN IEC 62364:2019
(Main)Hydraulic machines - Guide for dealing with hydro-abrasive erosion in Kaplan, Francis, and Pelton turbines (IEC 62364:2019)
Hydraulic machines - Guide for dealing with hydro-abrasive erosion in Kaplan, Francis, and Pelton turbines (IEC 62364:2019)
This document gives guidelines for:
a) presenting data on hydro-abrasive erosion rates on several combinations of water quality, operating conditions, component materials, and component properties collected from a variety of hydro sites;
b) developing guidelines for the methods of minimizing hydro-abrasive erosion by modifications to hydraulic design for clean water. These guidelines do not include details such as hydraulic profile shapes which are determined by the hydraulic design experts for a given site;
c) developing guidelines based on “experience data” concerning the relative resistance of materials faced with hydro-abrasive erosion problems;
d) developing guidelines concerning the maintainability of materials with high resistance to hydro-abrasive erosion and hardcoatings;
e) developing guidelines on a recommended approach, which owners could and should take to ensure that specifications communicate the need for particular attention to this aspect of hydraulic design at their sites without establishing criteria which cannot be satisfied because the means are beyond the control of the manufacturers;
f) developing guidelines concerning operation mode of the hydro turbines in water with particle materials to increase the operation life.
It is assumed in this document that the water is not chemically aggressive. Since chemical aggressiveness is dependent upon so many possible chemical compositions, and the materials of the machine, it is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues.
It is assumed in this document that cavitation is not present in the turbine. Cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion can reinforce each other so that the resulting erosion is larger than the sum of cavitation erosion plus hydro-abrasive erosion. The quantitative relationship of the resulting hydro-abrasive erosion is not known and it is beyond the scope of this document to assess it, except to suggest that special efforts be made in the turbine design phase to minimize cavitation.
Large solids (e.g. stones, wood, ice, metal objects, etc.) traveling with the water can impact turbine components and produce damage. This damage can in turn increase the flow turbulence thereby accelerating wear by both cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion. Hydroabrasive erosion resistant coatings can also be damaged locally by impact of large solids. It isbeyond the scope of this document to address these issues.
This document focuses mainly on hydroelectric powerplant equipment. Certain portions can
also be applicable to other hydraulic machines.
Wasserturbinen - Leitfaden für den Umgang mit hydroabrasiver Erosion in Kaplan-, Francis- und Pelton-Turbinen (IEC 62364:2019)
Machines hydrauliques - Guide relatif au traitement de l'érosion hydro-abrasive des turbines Kaplan, Francis et Pelton (IEC 62364:2019)
IEC 62364:2019 est disponible sous forme de IEC 62364:2019 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.
L'IEC 62364:2019 donne des lignes directrices pour:
a) présenter les données disponibles concernant les taux d'érosion hydro-abrasive avec diverses combinaisons de qualité de l'eau, conditions d'exploitation, matériaux et propriétés des composants; ces données ayant été obtenues sur différents sites hydroélectriques;
b) développer des lignes directrices permettant de réduire au minimum l’érosion hydro-abrasive en apportant des modifications à la conception hydraulique normalement utilisée en l’absence de particules. Ces lignes directrices n’abordent pas les détails tels que les profils hydrauliques que les spécialistes en conception hydraulique déterminent pour un site donné;
c) développer des lignes directrices établies sur le «retour d’expérience» concernant la résistance relative de matériaux confrontés aux problèmes d’érosion hydro-abrasive;
d) développer des lignes directrices concernant la maintenabilité des matériaux résistant à l'érosion hydro-abrasive et des revêtements de surface durs;
e) développer des lignes directrices relatives à la recommandation d'une méthode, que les propriétaires pourraient appliquer, et dont il convient qu'ils l'appliquent effectivement, afin de s'assurer que les spécifications montrent la nécessité d'accorder une attention toute particulière à la conception des formes hydrauliques propres à leur site sans imposer des critères qui ne peuvent être satisfaits dans la mesure où les moyens à mettre en œuvre ne sont pas maitrisables par les constructeurs;
f) développer des lignes directrices concernant le mode de fonctionnement des turbines hydroélectriques en présence de particules afin d’accroître la durée de vie.
Ce document fait l'hypothèse d’une eau chimiquement non agressive; étant donné que cette agressivité dépend des diverses compositions chimiques possibles, ainsi que des matériaux constitutifs de la machine, le domaine d'application de ce document ne traite pas de cette question. Ce document fait également l'hypothèse de l'absence de cavitation au niveau de la turbine. En effet la cavitation et l'érosion hydro-abrasive peuvent se renforcer mutuellement de sorte que l'érosion résultante est plus importante que la somme des deux. Comme aucune formulation quantitative de cette érosion résultante n’est connue, ce document n'a pas pour objet de l'évaluer, sauf pour suggérer, lors de la phase de conception de la turbine, des efforts particuliers visant à minimiser la cavitation. Des objets solides de grandes dimensions (comme des pierres, du bois, de la glace, des objets métalliques, etc.) véhiculés par l'eau peuvent percuter les composants de la turbine et les endommager. Ces dommages peuvent pour leur part accroître la turbulence de l’écoulement et accélérer l'usure par cavitation et par érosion hydro-abrasive. Les revêtements durs résistant à l’érosion hydro-abrasive peuvent également être endommagés localement suite à l'impact de ces particules de grandes dimensions. Ce document ne traite pas de ces questions. Ce document se concentre principalement sur les équipements des centrales hydroélectriques. Certaines parties de ce document peuvent également s'appliquer à d'autres machines hydrauliques. Cette deuxième édition annule et rempl
Hidravlični stroji - Navodilo za obravnavanje hidroabrazivne erozije pri Kaplanovih, Francisovih in Peltonovih turbinah (IEC 62364:2019)
Ta dokument podaja smernice za:
a) predstavitev podatkov o stopnji hidroabrazivne erozije pri več kombinacijah kakovosti vode, pogojev obratovanja, materialov sestavnih delov in lastnosti sestavnih delov, zbranih na različnih vodnih lokacijah;
b) pripravo smernic za metode za zmanjšanje hidroabrazivne erozije s spremembami hidravlične zasnove za čisto vodo. Te smernice ne vključujejo podrobnosti, kot so oblike hidravličnega profila, ki so jih določili strokovnjaki za hidravlično zasnovo za določeno lokacijo;
c) pripravo smernic na podlagi »podatkov iz izkušenj« v zvezi z relativnim uporom materialov, ki imajo težave s hidroabrazivno erozijo;
d) pripravo smernic v zvezi z sposobnostjo vzdrževanja materialov, izredno odpornih na hidroabrazivno erozijo, in trdih prevlek;
e) pripravo smernic za priporočen pristop, ki bi ga lahko lastniki uporabili in naj bi ga uporabili za zagotavljanje, da specifikacije izražajo potrebo po namenjanju posebne pozornosti temu vidiku hidravlične zasnove na njihovih lokacijah brez določitve meril, ki jih ni mogoče izpolniti, ker so načini za njihovo izpolnitev zunaj nadzora proizvajalcev;
f) priprava smernic v zvezi z načinom delovanja hidroturbin v vodi z materiali delcev za podaljšanje dobe delovanja.
V tem dokumentu se predvideva, da voda ni kemično agresivna. Ker je agresivnost odvisna od številnih možnih kemijskih sestav in materialov stroja, obravnavanje teh vprašanj ne spada na področje uporabe tega dokumenta.
V tem dokumentu se predvideva, da kavitacija v turbini ni prisotna. Kavitacija in hidroabrazivna erozija se lahko medsebojno krepita, zaradi česar je posledična erozija večja od vsote kavitacijske erozije in hidroabrazivne erozije. Količinsko razmerje posledične hidroabrazivne erozije ni znano, pri čemer njena ocena presega področje uporabe tega dokumenta, razen za predlog, da se v fazi načrtovanja turbine posebna pozornost nameni čim večjemu zmanjšanju kavitacije.
Večji trdni deli (npr. kamni, les, led, kovinski predmeti itd.), ki potujejo z vodo, lahko vplivajo na sestavne dele turbine in povzročijo škodo. Ta škoda lahko posledično poveča turbulenco toka ter tako pospeši obrabo zaradi kavitacije in hidroabrazivne erozije. Prevleke, odporne na hidroabrazivno erozijo, se lahko poškodujejo tudi lokalno zaradi udarcev večjih trdnih delov. Obravnavanje teh vprašanj presega področje uporabe tega dokumenta.
Ta dokument se osredotoča zlasti na opremo hidroelektrarn. Nekateri deli se lahko
uporabljajo tudi za druge hidravlične stroje.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 62364:2019
01-maj-2019
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 62364:2014
+LGUDYOLþQLVWURML1DYRGLOR]DREUDYQDYDQMHKLGURDEUD]LYQHHUR]LMHSUL.DSODQRYLK
)UDQFLVRYLKLQ3HOWRQRYLKWXUELQDK ,(&
Hydraulic machines - Guide for dealing with hydro-abrasive erosion in Kaplan, Francis,
and Pelton turbines (IEC 62364:2019)
Wasserturbinen - Leitfaden für den Umgang mit hydroabrasiver Erosion in Kaplan-,
Francis- und Pelton-Turbinen (IEC 62364:2019)
Machines hydrauliques - Guide relatif au traitement de l'érosion hydro-abrasive des
turbines Kaplan, Francis et Pelton (IEC 62364:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 62364:2019
ICS:
23.100.10 +LGUDYOLþQHþUSDONHLQPRWRUML Pumps and motors
27.140 Vodna energija Hydraulic energy engineering
SIST EN IEC 62364:2019 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN IEC 62364:2019
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SIST EN IEC 62364:2019
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62364
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2019
ICS 23.100.10; 27.140 Supersedes EN 62364:2013
English Version
Hydraulic machines - Guidelines for dealing with hydro-abrasive
erosion in kaplan, francis and pelton turbines
(IEC 62364:2019)
Machines hydrauliques - Lignes directrices relatives au Wasserturbinen - Leitfaden für den Umgang mit
traitement de l'érosion hydro-abrasive des turbines kaplan, hydroabrasiver Erosion in Kaplan-, Francis und Pelton-
francis et pelton Turbinen
(IEC 62364:2019) (IEC 62364:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2019-02-18. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 62364:2019 E
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SIST EN IEC 62364:2019
EN IEC 62364:2019 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 4/351/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 62364, prepared by IEC TC 4 "Hydraulic
turbines" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
EN IEC 62364:2019.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2019-11-18
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at
national level by publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2022-02-18
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with
the document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 62364:2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62364:2019 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 60193:1999 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60193:1999.
IEC 60609-2:1997 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60609-2:1999.
IEC 60041 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60041.
ISO 4288 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 4288.
ISO 2178 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 2178.
ISO 6507-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 6507-1.
ISO 14916:2017 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 14916:2017.
2
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SIST EN IEC 62364:2019
IEC 62364
®
Edition 2.0 2019-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Hydraulic machines – Guidelines for dealing with hydro-abrasive erosion
in kaplan, francis, and pelton turbines
Machines hydrauliques – Lignes directrices relatives
au traitement de l'érosion hydro-abrasive des turbines kaplan, francis et pelton
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 23.100.10; 27.140 ISBN 978-2-8322-6286-3
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN IEC 62364:2019
– 2 – IEC 62364:2019 IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Terms, definitions and symbols. 8
3 Prediction of hydro-abrasive erosion rate . 12
3.1 Model for hydro-abrasive erosion depth . 12
3.2 Reference model . 13
3.3 Simplified hydro-abrasive erosion evaluation . 14
4 Design . 15
4.1 General . 15
4.2 Selection of materials with high resistance to hydro-abrasive erosion and
coating . 16
4.3 Stainless steel overlays . 16
4.4 Water conveyance system . 16
4.5 Valve . 17
4.5.1 General . 17
4.5.2 Protection (closing) of the gap between housing and trunnion. 17
4.5.3 Stops located outside the valve . 17
4.5.4 Proper capacity of inlet valve operator . 18
4.5.5 Increase bypass size to allow higher guide vane leakage . 18
4.5.6 Bypass system design . 18
4.6 Turbine . 18
4.6.1 General . 18
4.6.2 Hydraulic design . 18
4.6.3 Mechanical design . 20
5 Operation and maintenance . 26
5.1 Operation . 26
5.2 Spares and regular inspections . 28
5.3 Particle sampling and monitoring . 28
6 Materials with high resistance to hydro-abrasive erosion . 29
6.1 Guidelines concerning relative hydro-abrasive erosion resistance of
materials including hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings . 29
6.1.1 General . 29
6.1.2 Discussion and conclusions . 30
6.2 Guidelines concerning maintainability of hydro-abrasive erosion resistant
coating materials . 30
6.2.1 Definition of terms used in this subclause . 30
6.2.2 Time between overhaul for protective coatings . 30
6.2.3 Repair of protective coatings . 31
7 Guidelines on insertions into specifications. 32
7.1 General . 32
7.2 Properties of particles going through the turbine . 33
7.3 Size distribution of particles . 34
Annex A (informative) PL calculation example . 35
Annex B (informative) Measuring and recording hydro-abrasive erosion damages . 37
B.1 Recording hydro-abrasive erosion damage . 37
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SIST EN IEC 62364:2019
IEC 62364:2019 IEC 2019 – 3 –
B.2 Pelton runner without coating . 37
B.3 Needle tip and mouth piece without coating . 38
B.4 Pelton runner with hardcoating . 38
B.5 Needle tip, seat ring and nozzle housing with coating . 38
B.6 Francis runner and stationary labyrinth without coating . 39
B.7 Francis runner with coating and stationary labyrinth . 39
B.8 Guide vanes and facing plates without coating . 39
B.9 Guide vanes and facing plates with coating . 40
B.10 Stay vanes . 40
B.11 Francis labyrinth seals uncoated . 40
B.12 Kaplan uncoated . 40
B.13 Kaplan coated . 41
B.14 Sample data sheets . 41
B.15 Inspection record, runner blade inlet . 42
B.16 Inspection record, runner blade outlet . 43
B.17 Inspection record, runner band . 44
B.18 Inspection record, guide vanes . 45
B.19 Inspection record, facing plates and covers . 46
B.20 Inspection record, upper stationary seal . 47
B.21 Inspection record, upper rotating seal . 48
B.22 Inspection record, lower stationary seal . 49
B.23 Inspection record, lower rotating seal . 50
B.24 Inspection record, runner bucket . 51
B.25 Inspection record, Pelton runner splitter . 52
Annex C (informative) Monitoring of particle concentration and properties and water
sampling procedure . 53
C.1 General . 53
C.2 Sampling before building a power station . 53
C.3 Sampling in existing power stations . 54
C.4 Logging of samples . 54
Annex D (informative) Procedures for analysis of particle concentration, size,
hardness and shape . 55
D.1 General . 55
D.2 Particle concentration . 55
D.3 Particle size distribution . 55
D.4 Mineralogical composition . 55
D.5 Particle geometry . 55
Annex E (informative) Frequency of sediment sampling . 58
Annex F (informative) Typical criteria to determine overhaul time due to hydro-
abrasive erosion . 59
F.1 General . 59
F.2 Parameters which are observable while the unit is in operation . 59
F.3 Criteria that require internal inspection of the unit . 60
Annex G (informative) Example to calculate the hydro-abrasive erosion depth . 61
Annex H (informative) Examples to calculate the TBO in the reference model . 63
Annex I (informative) Background for hydro-abrasive erosion depth model . 66
I.1 Model background and derivation. 66
I.2 Introduction to the PL variable. 67
I.3 Calibration of the formula . 69
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Annex J (informative) Quality control of thermal sprayed WC-CoCr . 71
J.1 Specification . 71
J.2 Quality control . 71
Bibliography . 72
Figure 1 – Estimation of the characteristic velocities in guide vanes, W , and runner,
gv
W , as a function of turbine specific speed . 13
run
Figure 2 – Simplified evaluation of risk of hydro-abrasive erosion for first assessment . 15
Figure 3 – Example of protection of transition area . 17
Figure 4 – Runner blade overhang in refurbishment project . 19
Figure 5 – Example of cavitation on runner band due to thicker blades . 20
Figure 6 – Example of design of guide vane trunnion seals . 21
Figure 7 – Example of fixing of facing plates from the dry side (bolt to the left) . 23
Figure 8 – Head cover balancing pipes with bends . 24
Figure 9 – Step labyrinth with optimized shape for hardcoating . 26
Figure 10 – Sample plot of particle concentration versus time . 28
Figure D.1 – Typical examples of particle geometry . 57
Figure I.1 – Example of flow pattern in a Pelton injector at different load . 68
Table 1 – Values of K and p for various components . 13
f
Table 2 – Overview over the feasibility for repair C on site . 31
Table 3 – Form for properties of particles going through the turbine . 33
Table 4 – Form for size distribution of particles . 34
Table A.1 – Example of documenting sample tests . 35
Table A.2 – Example of documenting sample results . 36
Table B.1 – Inspection record, runner blade inlet form . 42
Table B.2 – Inspection record, runner blade outlet form . 43
Table B.3 – Inspection record, runner band form . 44
Table B.4 – Inspection record, guide vanes form . 45
Table B.5 – Inspection record, facing plates and covers form . 46
Table B.6 – Inspection record, upper stationary seal form . 47
Table B.7 – Inspection record, upper rotating seal form . 48
Table B.8 – Inspection record, lower stationary seal form . 49
Table B.9 – Inspection record, lower rotating seal form . 50
Table B.10 – Inspection record, runner bucket . 51
Table B.11 – Inspection record, Pelton runner splitter . 52
Table G.1 – Calculations . 62
Table H.1 – Pelton turbine calculation example . 63
Table H.2 – Francis turbine calculation example . 64
Table I.1 – Analysis of the calibration constant K and p . 70
f
Table J.1 – Recommended items to include in HVOF inspection . 71
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SIST EN IEC 62364:2019
IEC 62364:2019 IEC 2019 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HYDRAULIC MACHINES –
GUIDELINES FOR DEALING WITH HYDRO-ABRASIVE
EROSION IN KAPLAN, FRANCIS, AND PELTON TURBINES
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62364 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 4: Hydraulic
turbines.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) the formula for TBO in Pelton reference model has been modified;
b) the formula for calculating sampling interval has been modified;
c) the chapter in hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings has been substantially modified;
d) the annex with test data for hydro-abrasive erosion resistant materials has been removed;
e) a simplified hydro-abrasive erosion evaluation has been added.
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SIST EN IEC 62364:2019
– 6 – IEC 62364:2019 IEC 2019
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
4/351/FDIS 4/366/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
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SIST EN IEC 62364:2019
IEC 62364:2019 IEC 2019 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
The number of hydro power plants with hydro-abrasive erosion is increasing worldwide.
An overall approach is needed to minimize the impact of this phenomenon. Already at the
start of the planning phase an evaluation should be done to quantify the hydro-abrasive
erosion and the impact on the operation. For this, the influencing parameters and their impact
on the hydro-abrasive erosion have to be known. The necessary information for the evaluation
comprises among others the future design, the particle parameters of the water, which will
pass the turbine, the reservoir sedimentation and the power plant owner’s framework for the
future operation like availability or maximum allowable efficiency loss, before an overhaul
needs to be done.
Based on this evaluation of the hydro-abrasive erosion, an optimised solution can then be
found, by analysing all measures in relation to investments, energy production and
maintenance costs as decision parameters. Often a more hydro-abrasive erosion-resistant
design, instead of choosing the turbine design with the highest efficiency, will lead to higher
revenue. This analysis is best performed by the overall plant designer.
With regards to the machines, owners should find the means to communicate to potential
suppliers for their sites, their desire to have the particular attention of the designers at the
turbine design phase, directed to the minimization of the severity and effects of hydro-
abrasive erosion.
Limited consensus and very little quantitative data exists on the steps which the designer
could and should take to extend the useful life before major overhaul of the turbine
components when they are operated under severe hydro-abrasive erosion service. This has
led some owners to write into their specifications, conditions which cannot be met with known
methods and materials.
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SIST EN IEC 62364:2019
– 8 – IEC 62364:2019 IEC 2019
HYDRAULIC MACHINES –
GUIDELINES FOR DEALING WITH HYDRO-ABRASIVE
EROSION IN KAPLAN, FRANCIS, AND PELTON TURBINES
1 Scope
This document gives guidelines for:
a) presenting data on hydro-abrasive erosion rates on several combinations of water quality,
operating conditions, component materials, and component properties collected from a
variety of hydro sites;
b) developing guidelines for the methods of minimizing hydro-abrasive erosion by
modifications to hydraulic design for clean water. These guidelines do not include details
such as hydraulic profile shapes which are determined by the hydraulic design experts for
a given site;
c) developing guidelines based on “experience data” concerning the relative resistance of
materials faced with hydro-abrasive erosion problems;
d) developing guidelines concerning the maintainability of materials with high resistance to
hydro-abrasive erosion and h
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