SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Žerjavi - Konstrukcija, splošno - 3-1. del: Mejna stanja in dokaz varnosti jeklene nosilne konstrukcijeKrane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-1: Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweis von StahltragwerkenAppareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 3-1: Etats limites et vérification d'aptitude des structures en acierCranes - General Design - Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of steel structure53.020.20DvigalaCranesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13001-3-1:2012SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012en,fr,de01-oktober-2012SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 13001-3-1:2005/AC:2007SIST-TS CEN/TS 13001-3-1:20051DGRPHãþD



SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13001-3-1
March 2012 ICS 53.020.20 English Version
Cranes - General Design - Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of steel structure
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 3-1: Etats limites et vérification d'aptitude des charpentes en acier
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-1: Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweis von Stahltragwerken This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 February 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13001-3-1:2012: ESIST EN 13001-3-1:2012



EN 13001-3-1:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4Introduction .51 Scope .62 Normative references .63 Terms ,definitions, symbols and abbreviations .73.1 Terms and definitions .73.2 Symbols and abbreviations .74 General . 114.1 Documentation . 114.2 Materials for structural members . 124.2.1 Grades and qualities . 124.2.2 Impact toughness . 144.3 Bolted connections. 164.3.1 Bolt materials . 164.3.2 General . 164.3.3 Shear and bearing connections . 174.3.4 Friction grip type (slip resistant) connections . 174.3.5 Connections loaded in tension . 174.4 Pinned connections . 174.5 Welded connections . 184.6 Proof of competence for structural members and connections . 185 Proof of static strength . 195.1 General . 195.2 Limit design stresses and forces . 195.2.1 General . 195.2.2 Limit design stress in structural members . 195.2.3 Limit design forces in bolted connections . 215.2.4 Limit design forces in pinned connections . 285.2.5 Limit design stresses in welded connections . 325.3 Execution of the proof . 355.3.1 Proof for structural members . 355.3.2 Proof for bolted connections . 355.3.3 Proof for pinned connections . 365.3.4 Proof for welded connections . 366 Proof of fatigue strength . 376.1 General . 376.2 Limit design stresses . 386.2.1 Characteristic fatigue strength . 386.2.2 Weld quality . 406.2.3 Requirements for fatigue testing . 416.3 Stress histories . 416.3.1 General . 416.3.2 Frequency of occurence of stress cycles . 426.3.3 Stress history parameter . 426.3.4 Stress history classes S . 436.4 Execution of the proof . 446.5 Determination of the limit design stress range . 456.5.1 Applicable methods . 45SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012



EN 13001-3-1:2012 (E) 3 6.5.2 Direct use of stress history parameter. 456.5.3 Use of class S . 456.5.4 Independent concurrent normal and/or shear stresses . 477 Proof of static strength of hollow section girder joints . 478 Proof of elastic stability . 478.1 General . 478.2 Lateral buckling of members loaded in compression . 488.2.1 Critical buckling load . 488.2.2 Limit compressive design force . 498.3 Buckling of plate fields subjected to compressive and shear stresses . 518.3.1 General . 518.3.2 Limit design stress with respect to longitudinal stress xσ. 538.3.3 Limit design stress with respect to transverse stress yσ . 558.3.4 Limit design stress with respect to shear stress τ].]578.4 Execution of the proof . 588.4.1 Members loaded in compression . 588.4.2 Plate fields . 58Annex A (informative)
Limit design shear force Fv,Rd per bolt and per shear plane for multiple shear plane connections . 60Annex B (informative)
Preloaded bolts . 61Annex C (normative)
Design weld stresses σσσσW,Sd and ττττW,Sd . 63C.1 Butt joint . 63C.2 Fillet weld . 64C.3 T-joint with full and partial penetration . 65C.4 Effective distribution length under concentrated load . 66Annex D (normative)
Values of slope constant m
and characteristic fatigue strength ∆∆∆∆σσσσc, ∆∆∆∆ττττc . 67Annex E (normative)
Calculated values of limit design stress ranges ∆∆∆∆σσσσRd and ∆∆∆∆σσσσRd,1 . 88Annex F (informative)
Evaluation of stress cycles (example) . 90Annex G (informative)
Calculation of stiffnesses for connections loaded in tension . 92Annex H (informative)
Hollow Sections . 95Annex I (informative)
Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 107Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this
European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 108Bibliography . 109 SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012



EN 13001-3-1:2012 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13001-3-1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This European Standard is one Part of EN 13001, Cranes – General design. The other parts are as follows:  Part 1: General principles and requirements;  Part 2: Load actions;  Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems;  Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts;  Part 3-4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery;  Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged hooks. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012



EN 13001-3-1:2012 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means for the mechanical design and theoretical verification of cranes to conform with the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, as amended. This standard also establishes interfaces between the user (purchaser) and the designer, as well as between the designer and the component manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting cranes and components. This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this standard. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012



EN 13001-3-1:2012 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard is to be used together with EN 13001-1 and EN 13001-2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes by design and theoretical verification. NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of cranes are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type. The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Clauses 4 to 8 of this standard are necessary to reduce or eliminate risks associated with the following hazards: a) exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue); b) exceeding temperature limits of material or components; c) elastic instability of the crane or its parts (buckling, bulging). This European Standard is not applicable to cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types (see Annex I). NOTE EN 13001-3-1 deals only with the limit state method in accordance with EN 13001-1. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1990:2002, Eurocode — Basis of structural design EN 1993-1-8:2005, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures — Part 1-8: Design of joints EN 10025-2:2004, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels EN 10025-3:2004, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels EN 10025-4:2004, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 4: Technical delivery conditions for thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels EN 10025-6:2004, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 6: Technical delivery conditions for flat products of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition EN 10029:2010, Hot rolled steel plates 3 mm thick or above — Tolerances on dimensions and shape EN 10045-1:1990, Metallic materials — Charpy impact test — Part 1: Test method EN 10149-2:1995, Hot-rolled flat products made of high yield strength steels for cold forming — Part 2: Delivery conditions for thermomechanically rolled steels EN 10149-3:1995, Hot-rolled flat products made of high yield strength steels for cold forming — Part 3: Delivery conditions for normalized or normalized rolled steels SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012



EN 13001-3-1:2012 (E) 7 EN 10160:1999, Ultrasonic testing of steel flat product of thickness equal or greater than 6 mm (reflection method) EN 10163-1:2004, Delivery requirements for surface conditions of hot-rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections — Part 1: General requirements EN 10163-2:2004, Delivery requirements for surface conditions of hot-rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections — Part 2: Plate and wide flats EN 10163-3:2004, Delivery requirements for surface conditions of hot-rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections – Part 3: Sections EN 10164:2004, Steel products with improved deformation properties perpendicular to the surface of the product — Technical delivery conditions EN 13001-1, Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements EN 13001-2, Crane safety — General design — Part 2: Load actions EN 20273:1991, Fasteners — Clearance holes for bolts and screws (ISO 273:1979) EN ISO 286-2:2010, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes — Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and shafts
(ISO 286-2:2010) EN ISO 898-1:2009, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property classes — Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-1:2009) EN ISO 5817:2007, Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:2003, corrected version:2005, including Technical Corrigendum 1:2006) EN ISO 9013:2002, Thermal cutting — Classification of thermal cuts — Geometrical product specification and quality tolerances (ISO 9013:2002) EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010) EN ISO 17659:2004, Welding — Multilingual terms for welded joints with illustrations (ISO 17659:2002) ISO 4306-1:2007, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General 3 Terms ,definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the basic list of definitions as provided in EN 1990:2002 apply. For the definitions of loads, Clause 6 of ISO 4306-1:2007 applies. 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations The symbols and abbreviations used in this Part of the EN 13001 are given in Table 1. SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012



EN 13001-3-1:2012 (E) 8 Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations (1 of 4) Symbols, abbreviations Description A cross section An net cross section AS stress area of a bolt AS shear area of the tear-out section (pinned connections) a length of plate in buckling a throat thickness of fillet welds ar effective weld thickness b width of plate c edge stress ratio factor (buckling) Do, Di outer, inner diameter of hollow pin d diameter (shank of bolt, pin) do diameter of hole E modulus of elasticity Fb tensile force in bolt Fd limit force FK characteristic value (force) Fp preloading force in bolt FRd
limit design force
Fe external force (on bolted connection) Fb, Rd limit design bearing force Fb, Sd; Fbi, Sd design bearing force Fcs, Rd limit design tensile force
Fp, d design preloading force Fcr reduction in compression force due to external tension
SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012



EN 13001-3-1:2012 (E) 9 Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations (2 of 4) Symbols, abbreviations Description Ft, Rd Ft,Sd limit design tensile force in bolt external tensile force per bolt Fv, Sd design shear force per bolt and shear plane Fvp, Rd limit design shear force per pin and shear plane Fvp, Sd design shear force per pin and shear plane Fs,Rd limit design slip force per bolt and shear plane Fvs, Rd limit design shear force of the connected part Fvd, Sd design force in the connected part Fvt, Rd limit design tensile force of the connected part Fσ,τ acting normal/shear force
f maximum imperfection fd limit stress fK characteristic value (stress) fRd limit design stress fu ultimate strength of material fub ultimate strength of bolts fw, Rd limit design weld stress fy yield stress of material fyb yield stress of bolts fyp yield stress of pins hd distance between weld and contact area of acting load I, Ii moments of inertia of members k stress concentration factor (pinned connections) Kb stiffness of bolt Kc stiffness of connected parts k* specific spectrum ratio factor km stress spectrum factor based on m of the detail under consideration k3 stress spectrum factor based on m = 3 kσx, kσy, kτ buckling factors L element length (buckling) lm gauge length
lr relevant weld length lW weld length MRd limit design bending moment MSd design bending moment m slope constant of log ∆σ/log N-curve N compressive force (buckling) SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012



EN 13001-3-1:2012 (E) 10 Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations (3 of 4) Symbols, abbreviations Description NC notch class Nk critical buckling load Nref reference number of cycles min σ, max σ extreme values of stresses PS probability of survival p penetration of weld Q shear (evaluation of stress cycles) qi impact toughness parameter α cross section parameter (lateral buckling) αb characteristic factor for bearing connection αL load introduction factor (bolted connection) αw characteristic factor for limit weld stress γm general resistance factor γmf
fatigue strength specific resistance factor γp partial safety factor γR resulting resistance factor γS specific resistance factor γRb resulting resistance factor of bolt γsbb, γsbs, γsbt specific resistance factors of bolted connections γRm resulting resistance factor of members γsm specific resistance factor of members γRp resulting resistance factor of pins γspm ,γsps , γspb ,γspt specific resistance factors of pins γRs resulting resistance factor of slip-resistance connection γss specific resistance factor of slip-resistance connection γRc resulting resistance factor for tension on section with holes γst specific resistance factor for tension on section with holes γRw resulting resistance factor of welding connection γsw specific resistance factor of welding connection δp elongation from preloading φ2 dynamic factor κ dispersion angle (wheel pressure) κ, κx, κy, κτ reduction factors (buckling) λ width of contact area in weld direction SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012



EN 13001-3-1:2012 (E) 11 Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations (4 of 4) Symbols, abbreviations Description λx, λy, λτ non-dimensional plate slenderness (buckling)
edge stress ratio (buckling) ∆Fb additional force
∆δ t additional elongation µ slip factor ν relative total number of stress cycles (normalized) νD ratio of diameters ∆σc characteristic value of stress range (normal stress) ∆τc characteristic value of stress range (shear stress) σe reference stress (buckling) σb lower extreme value of stress range σu upper extreme value of stress range σSd design stress (normal) τSd design stress (shear) σw, Sd τw, Sd ∆σRd design weld stress (normal) design weld stress (shear) limit design stress range (normal) ∆σRd,1 limit design stress range for k* = 1 ∆τRd limit design stress range (shear) ∆σSd design stress range (normal) ∆τSd design stress range (shear)
4 General 4.1 Documentation The documentation of the proof of competence shall include:  design assumptions including calculation models,  applicable loads and load combinations,  material grades and qualities,  weld quality levels, in accordance with EN ISO 5817,  materials of connecting elements,  relevant limit states,  results of the proof of competence calculation. and tests when applicable. SIST EN 13001-3-1:2012



EN 13001-3-1:2012 (E) 12 4.2 Materials for structural members 4.2.1 Grades and qualities European Standards specify materials and specific values. This standard gives a preferred selection.
For structural members, steel according to following European Standards should be used: a) Non-alloy structural steels EN 10025-2; b) Weldable fine grain structural steels in conditions: 1) normalized (N) EN 10025-3; 2) thermomechanical (M) EN 10025-4; c) High yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition EN 10025-6; d) High yield strength steels for cold forming in conditions: 1) thermomechanical (M) EN 10149-2; 2) normalized (N) EN 10149-3. Table 2 shows specific values for the nominal value of strength fu, fy and limit design stress fRd (see 5.2). The values given are applicable for temperatures up to 150°C. For more information see the specific European Standard. The actual material properties shall satisfy minimum ductility requirements as follows:  the ratio fu /fy ≥1,05 and  the percentage elongation at fracture A≥7%
on a gauge length 0065,5SL×= (where S0 is the original cross-sectional area). To allow the use of nominal values of plate thicknesses in the proof calculations, the minus tolerance of the plate shall be equal or better than that of class A of EN 10029:2010. Otherwise the actual minimum value of plate thickness shall be used. To allow the use of nominal dimensions for other steel products than plates, their minus tolerances shall be within those of the relevant European standards for those products. Grades and qualities other than those mentioned in the above standards and in Table 2 may be used if the mechanical properties and the chemical composition are specified in a manner corresponding to relevant European standard, and if the material satisfies the following conditions:
 the ratio fu /fy ≥1,05;  the percentage elongation at fracture A≥7% on a gauge length 00655S,L×= (where S0 is the original cross-sectional area);  weldability is demonstrated. NOTE Where it is deemed nece
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