SIST EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1:2006
(Main)Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radiotelephone transmitters and receivers for the maritime mobile service operating in VHF bands; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement
- Abstract
The present document specifies the minimum requirements for shipborne Very High Frequency (VHF) transmitters and receivers capable of voice and Digital Selective Calling (DSC), fitted with an external antenna connector for use on board ships. The present document lays down minimum requirements for VHF radio transmitters and receivers operating in certain frequency bands allocated to the maritime mobile service using both 25 kHz and 12,5 kHz channels, and incorporates the requirements of the relevant recommendations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 28-Feb-2006
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 01-Mar-2006
- Due Date
- 01-Mar-2006
- Completion Date
- 01-Mar-2006
SIST EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1:2006 is the Slovenian adoption of ETSI EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1, published by SIST and ETSI. It covers shipborne Very High Frequency (VHF) radiotelephone transmitters and receivers for the maritime mobile service, including voice and Digital Selective Calling (DSC). The document specifies minimum technical characteristics and measurement methods for equipment with an external antenna connector, for use by manufacturers, test laboratories, and others checking maritime radio equipment against the required performance.
What does SIST EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1:2006 specify?
SIST EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1:2006 specifies minimum requirements for shipborne VHF transmitters and receivers operating in maritime mobile service bands using 25 kHz and 12.5 kHz channels. It also incorporates the relevant International Maritime Organization (IMO) recommendations.
The document is organized into clauses 1 to 10:
- scope and references
- definitions, symbols and abbreviations
- general and operational requirements
- technical requirements
- general conditions of measurement
- environmental tests
- transmitter tests
- receiver tests
- duplex operation
It also includes three normative annexes that cover measurement equipment, a digital interface protocol, and radiated measurement arrangements.
| Annex | What it covers |
|---|---|
| Annex A | Power measuring receiver specification for adjacent channel power measurement |
| Annex B | IEC 61162-1 Frequency Set Information (FSI) protocol |
| Annex C | Radiated measurements, including test sites and chamber arrangements |
What are the key requirements of SIST EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1:2006?
The standard is built around operational safety on board ships, stable radio performance, and repeatable measurement methods. In practice, it tells a manufacturer what the equipment must do, and it tells a test lab how to check it.
General and operational requirements
- Clause 4.1 requires suitable shipboard construction, accessible maintenance parts, technical documentation, and manual operation on the channels defined in the Radio Regulations [1]. This matters because the set must be usable and serviceable at sea, not only electrically correct.
- Clause 4.1 also requires blocking of any extra channels when a licence demands it, and the user must not be able to unblock them. It also prevents transmission on channel 70 for anything other than DSC and on AIS1 and AIS2 for anything other than AIS.
- Clause 4.2 requires clear channel indication, with channel 16 and, where possible, channel 70 distinctly marked. Selecting channel 16 must automatically set transmitter output power to maximum, which supports emergency use.
- Clause 4.3 requires a handset or microphone and an integral or external loudspeaker, and a handset if duplex operation is provided. During simplex transmission the receiver output must be muted, and duplex use must avoid feedback and oscillation.
- Clause 4.4 covers protection against overcurrent, overvoltage, reverse polarity, open or short antenna terminals, static build-up at the antenna, and loss of volatile memory for up to 60 s. These are practical robustness requirements for shipboard power and antenna conditions.
- Clause 4.5 requires clear labelling of controls, terminals, power supply information, manufacturer identification, type designation, serial number, and compass safe distance.
Technical performance
- Clause 5.1 limits channel switching time to 5 s and changeover between transmit and receive to 0.3 s. This affects operational responsiveness during marine radio use.
- Clause 5.2 specifies phase modulation: G3E for speech and G2B for DSC signalling. The equipment must work with both 12.5 kHz and 25 kHz channel separations.
- Clause 5.4 requires DSC signal input and output impedances of 600 Ω, symmetrical and free of earth. If the equipment has an integral DSC controller or digital interface, it must also meet EN 300 338 [10].
Measurement and test conditions
- Clause 6 sets the general test conditions, including a 50 Ω receiver input impedance, a non-reactive 50 Ω artificial antenna, and tests normally on Channel 16. This keeps test results comparable between laboratories.
- Clause 6.3 defines the normal test modulation for 25 kHz and 12.5 kHz channels, and Clause 6.10 defines extreme temperature and supply-voltage conditions applied together. This is important because marine equipment must work across real environmental and power variations.
- Clause 6.11 gives the procedure for extreme-temperature testing, including thermal stabilisation and operation checks after warming up or cooling down.
Environmental and electrical performance tests
- Clause 7 requires environmental tests before the other conformance tests and includes a performance check for transmitter frequency error, carrier power, and receiver maximum usable sensitivity.
- The performance check uses Channel 16 and includes a SINAD ratio of 20 dB for receiver sensitivity. In practice, that tells the tester when the receiver becomes usable for speech reception.
- Clause 7 also includes vibration, dry heat, damp heat and low-temperature cycle tests. These show whether the set remains mechanically and electrically stable after environmental stress.
- Clause 8 covers transmitter measurements such as frequency error, carrier power, frequency deviation, audio response, harmonic distortion, adjacent channel power, spurious emissions, residual modulation, DSC audio input characteristics, modulation attack time, and transient frequency behaviour.
- Clause 9 covers receiver measurements such as harmonic distortion and output power, audio response, maximum usable sensitivity, co-channel rejection, adjacent channel selectivity, spurious response rejection, intermodulation, blocking or desensitization, conducted and radiated spurious emissions, noise and hum, squelch operation, multiple watch characteristics, and DSC audio output.
- Clause 10 adds duplex-specific checks for receiver desensitization during simultaneous transmit and receive, and for internal mixing in a duplex transceiver. This matters when the equipment is intended for duplex maritime channels.
What terms does SIST EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1:2006 define?
- Channel 16 is the VHF maritime calling frequency at 156.800 MHz.
- G3E is phase modulation for speech, with frequency modulation and 6 dB/octave pre-emphasis.
- G2B is phase modulation carrying digital information with a sub-carrier for DSC operation.
- modulation index is the ratio between frequency deviation and modulation frequency.
- performance check is the combined check of transmitter carrier power and frequency, and receiver sensitivity.
- SINAD means Signal + Noise + Distortion/Noise + Distortion, and it is used to judge receiver audio quality during sensitivity testing.
- FSI means Frequency Set Information, the IEC 61162-1 sentence used to set or read frequency, mode and power level.
Who uses SIST EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1:2006?
Manufacturers of shipborne VHF radiotelephones use this standard when designing equipment and preparing technical documentation. Test laboratories use it to run type tests, environmental tests, transmitter checks and receiver checks.
Conformity assessment bodies and regulators use it when judging whether a maritime radio product meets the expected technical characteristics. Buyers, integrators and quality managers use it when writing purchase specifications, verifying compliance data, or checking that a VHF set is suitable for shipboard installation and DSC operation.
What changed in SIST EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1:2006 from the previous edition?
The document history records earlier publications of ETS 300 162 in 1993 and 1998, followed by ETSI EN 300 162-1 versions in 2000 and 2003, before the May 2006 publication of Version 1.4.1. The foreword identifies this publication as Part 1 of a multi-part deliverable, alongside Part 2 and Part 3.
Which standards are used with SIST EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1:2006?
- Radio Regulations [1], appendix 18 - gives the VHF maritime transmitting frequencies and channel structure used by the equipment.
- ITU-T Recommendation E.161 [2] - guides the arrangement of digits, letters and symbols on telephone-style input panels.
- ITU-R Recommendation M.493-11 [3] - defines DSC system behaviour for maritime use.
- ITU-R Recommendation M.541-9 [4] - covers operational procedures for DSC equipment.
- IMO Resolution A.803(19) [5] - provides performance standards for shipborne VHF radio installations with voice and DSC.
- IMO Resolution A.524(13) [6] - provides performance standards for VHF multiple watch facilities.
- ITU-T Recommendation O.41 [7] - is used for psophometric measurement in audio-related tests.
- IEC 61162-1 [8] - provides the digital interface basis for the FSI command protocol in Annex B.
- ETSI TR 100 028-1 [9] - gives measurement uncertainty guidance for mobile radio equipment.
- ETSI EN 300 338 [10] - applies when the VHF equipment includes an integral DSC controller or digital interface.
- ITU-R Recommendation SM.332-4 [11] - supports the power measuring receiver specification in Annex A.
- ITU-R Recommendation M.1084-4 [12] - applies when 12.5 kHz channel operation is implemented.
- Part 2 and Part 3 of EN 300 162 - are named in the foreword as the related parts of the same deliverable.
What does the SIST EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1:2006 document contain?
The body of the standard gives detailed measurement methods for transmitter and receiver performance, including the test setups, signal conditions, and interpretation of results. It also includes figures for frequency deviation and transient frequency behaviour, which support repeatable laboratory testing.
Annex A specifies the receiver characteristics needed for adjacent channel power measurement, including filter tolerances. Annex B defines the FSI sentence structure used for setting and reading operating parameters. Annex C describes outdoor and indoor radiated test sites, substitution antenna use, and anechoic chamber arrangements for measurements of radiated emissions and radiated sensitivity.
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Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1:2006 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radiotelephone transmitters and receivers for the maritime mobile service operating in VHF bands; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement". This standard covers: The present document specifies the minimum requirements for shipborne Very High Frequency (VHF) transmitters and receivers capable of voice and Digital Selective Calling (DSC), fitted with an external antenna connector for use on board ships. The present document lays down minimum requirements for VHF radio transmitters and receivers operating in certain frequency bands allocated to the maritime mobile service using both 25 kHz and 12,5 kHz channels, and incorporates the requirements of the relevant recommendations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
The present document specifies the minimum requirements for shipborne Very High Frequency (VHF) transmitters and receivers capable of voice and Digital Selective Calling (DSC), fitted with an external antenna connector for use on board ships. The present document lays down minimum requirements for VHF radio transmitters and receivers operating in certain frequency bands allocated to the maritime mobile service using both 25 kHz and 12,5 kHz channels, and incorporates the requirements of the relevant recommendations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
SIST EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1:2006 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 33.060.20 - Receiving and transmitting equipment; 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general; 47.020.70 - Navigation and control equipment. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1:2006 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2006
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVWLQ]DGHYHY]YH]L]UDGLMVNLPVSHNWURP (50 ±
5DGLRWHOHIRQVNLRGGDMQLNLLQVSUHMHPQLNL]DSRPRUVNHSUHQRVQHVWRULWYHNL
REUDWXMHMRYSDVRYLK9+)±GHO 7HKQLþQHNDUDNWHULVWLNHLQPHULOQHPHWRGH
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radiotelephone
transmitters and receivers for the maritime mobile service operating in VHF bands; Part
1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 300 162-1 Version 1.4.1
ICS:
33.060.20 Sprejemna in oddajna Receiving and transmitting
oprema equipment
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
47.020.70 Navigacijska in krmilna Navigation and control
oprema equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Radiotelephone transmitters and receivers for the
maritime mobile service operating in VHF bands;
Part 1: Technical characteristics
and methods of measurement
2 ETSI EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1 (2006-05)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG26-071-1
Keywords
EMC, GMDSS, maritime, radio, telephony,
testing, VHF
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1 (2006-05)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.8
Foreword.8
1 Scope.9
2 References.9
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .10
3.1 Definitions.10
3.2 Symbols.10
3.3 Abbreviations.10
4 General and operational requirements.10
4.1 Construction.10
4.2 Controls and indicators.11
4.3 Handset and loudspeaker.12
4.4 Safety precautions.12
4.5 Labelling.12
4.6 Warm up.13
5 Technical requirements.13
5.1 Switching time.13
5.2 Class of emission and modulation characteristics .13
5.3 Multiple watch facilities.13
5.3.1 Additional performance standards.13
5.3.2 Scanning characteristics.14
5.4 DSC controller interfaces .14
5.4.1 Operational interfaces.14
6 General conditions of measurement.14
6.1 Arrangements for test signals applied to the receiver input.14
6.2 Squelch.14
6.3 Normal test modulation.15
6.4 Artificial antenna.15
6.5 Arrangements for test signals applied to the transmitter input .15
6.6 Test channels.15
6.7 Measurement uncertainty and interpretation of the measured results .15
6.7.1 Measurement uncertainty.15
6.7.2 Interpretation of the measurement results.16
6.8 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures.16
6.8.1 Normal and extreme test conditions.16
6.8.2 Test power source .16
6.9 Normal test conditions.16
6.9.1 Normal temperature and humidity.16
6.9.2 Normal power sources .16
6.9.2.1 Mains voltage and frequency .16
6.9.2.2 Battery power source.17
6.9.2.3 Other power sources.17
6.10 Extreme test conditions .17
6.10.1 Extreme temperatures.17
6.10.2 Extreme values of test power sources.17
6.10.2.1 Mains voltage.17
6.10.2.2 Battery power source.17
6.10.2.3 Other power sources.17
6.11 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.17
7 Environmental tests.18
7.1 Procedure.18
7.2 Performance check.18
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1 (2006-05)
7.3 Vibration test.18
7.3.1 Definition.18
7.3.2 Method of measurement.18
7.3.3 Requirement.19
7.4 Temperature tests.19
7.4.1 Definition.19
7.4.2 Dry heat.19
7.4.2.1 Definition.19
7.4.2.2 Method of measurement.19
7.4.2.3 Requirement.19
7.4.3 Damp heat.19
7.4.3.1 Definition.19
7.4.3.2 Method of measurement.20
7.4.3.3 Requirement.20
7.4.4 Low temperature cycle.20
7.4.4.1 Definition.20
7.4.4.2 Method of measurement.20
7.4.4.3 Requirement.20
8 Transmitter.20
8.1 Frequency error.20
8.1.1 Definition.20
8.1.2 Method of measurement.20
8.1.3 Limits.21
8.2 Carrier power.21
8.2.1 Definitions.21
8.2.2 Method of measurement.21
8.2.3 Limits.21
8.2.3.1 Normal test conditions .21
8.2.3.2 Extreme test conditions .21
8.3 Frequency deviation.21
8.3.1 Definition.21
8.3.2 Maximum permissible frequency deviation.21
8.3.2.1 Method of measurement.21
8.3.2.2 Limits.22
8.3.3 Reduction of frequency deviation at modulation frequencies above 3 kHz.22
8.3.3.1 Method of measurement.22
8.3.3.2 Limits.22
8.4 Sensitivity of the modulator, including microphone .23
8.4.1 Definition.23
8.4.2 Method of measurement.23
8.4.3 Limits.23
8.5 Audio frequency response .23
8.5.1 Definition.23
8.5.2 Method of measurement.24
8.5.3 Limit.24
8.6 Audio frequency harmonic distortion of the emission.24
8.6.1 Definition.24
8.6.2 Method of measurement.24
8.6.2.1 Normal test conditions .25
8.6.2.2 Extreme test conditions .25
8.6.3 Limits.25
8.7 Adjacent channel power .25
8.7.1 Definition.25
8.7.2 Method of measurement.25
8.7.3 Limits.26
8.8 Conducted spurious emissions conveyed to the antenna .26
8.8.1 Definition.26
8.8.2 Method of measurement.26
8.8.3 Limit.26
8.9 Cabinet radiation and conducted spurious emissions other than those conveyed to the antenna .26
8.9.1 Definitions.26
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1 (2006-05)
8.9.2 Method of measurement.26
8.9.3 Limits.27
8.10 Residual modulation of the transmitter .27
8.10.1 Definition.27
8.10.2 Method of measurement.27
8.10.3 Limit.28
8.11 DSC audio input characteristics .28
8.11.1 Definition.28
8.11.2 Method of measurement.28
8.11.3 Limits.28
8.12 DSC audio input limitation.28
8.12.1 Definition.28
8.12.2 Method of measurement.28
8.12.3 Limit.28
8.13 Modulation attack time.29
8.13.1 Definition.29
8.13.2 Method of measurement.29
8.13.3 Limit.29
8.14 Transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter.30
8.14.1 Definitions.30
8.14.2 Method of measurement.30
8.14.3 Limits.33
9 Receiver.33
9.1 Harmonic distortion and rated audio frequency output power .33
9.1.1 Definition.33
9.1.2 Methods of measurement.33
9.1.3 Limits.34
9.2 Audio frequency response .34
9.2.1 Definition.34
9.2.2 Method of measurement.34
9.2.3 Limits.34
9.3 Maximum usable sensitivity.35
9.3.1 Definition.35
9.3.2 Method of measurement.35
9.3.3 Limits.36
9.4 Co-channel rejection.36
9.4.1 Definition.36
9.4.2 Method of measurement.36
9.4.3 Limit.36
9.5 Adjacent channel selectivity.36
9.5.1 Definition.36
9.5.2 Method of measurement.36
9.5.3 Limits.37
9.6 Spurious response rejection.37
9.6.1 Definition.37
9.6.2 Method of measurement.37
9.6.3 Limit.37
9.7 Intermodulation response.37
9.7.1 Definition.37
9.7.2 Method of measurement.38
9.7.3 Limit.38
9.8 Blocking or desensitization .38
9.8.1 Definition.38
9.8.2 Method of measurement.38
9.8.3 Limit.38
9.9 Conducted spurious emissions .38
9.9.1 Definition.38
9.9.2 Method of measurement.39
9.9.3 Limit.39
9.10 Radiated spurious emissions.39
9.10.1 Definition.39
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1 (2006-05)
9.10.2 Method of measurements.39
9.10.3 Limit.40
9.11 Receiver noise and hum level.40
9.11.1 Definition.40
9.11.2 Method of measurement.40
9.11.3 Limit.41
9.12 Squelch operation.41
9.12.1 Definition.41
9.12.2 Method of measurement.41
9.12.3 Limits.41
9.13 Squelch hysteresis.41
9.13.1 Definition.41
9.13.2 Method of measurement.42
9.13.3 Limit.42
9.14 Multiple watch characteristic.42
9.14.1 Definition.42
9.14.2 Method of measurement.42
9.14.3 Limits.42
9.15 DSC audio output characteristic.42
9.15.1 Definition.42
9.15.2 Methods of measurement.43
9.15.3 Limit.43
10 Duplex operation.43
10.1 Receiver desensitization with simultaneous transmission and reception.43
10.1.1 Definition.43
10.1.2 Method of measurement.43
10.1.3 Limits.44
10.2 Duplex transceiver internal mixing .44
10.2.1 Definition.44
10.2.2 Method of measurement.44
10.2.3 Limits.44
Annex A (normative): Measuring receiver for adjacent channel power measurement.45
A.1 Power measuring receiver specification.45
A.1.1 IF filter.45
A.1.2 Attenuation indicator.46
A.1.3 RMS value indicator.46
A.1.4 Oscillator and amplifier.46
Annex B (normative): Protocol for the IEC 61162-1 commands Frequency Set Information
(FSI) .47
B.1 Frequency Set Information (FSI) .47
Annex C (normative): Radiated measurements .48
C.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.48
C.1.1 Outdoor test site .48
C.1.2 Test antenna.48
C.1.3 Substitution antenna.49
C.1.4 Optional additional indoor site .49
C.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .50
C.2.1 Measuring distance.50
C.2.2 Test antenna.50
C.2.3 Substitution antenna.50
C.2.4 Artificial antenna.50
C.2.5 Auxiliary cables.51
C.2.6 Acoustic measuring arrangement.51
C.3 Further optional alternative indoor test site using an anechoic chamber .51
C.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber.51
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1 (2006-05)
C.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers.52
C.3.3 Calibration of the shielded anechoic chamber.52
History .55
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1 (2006-05)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Radiotelephone transmitters and receivers for
the maritime mobile service operating in VHF bands, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive";
Part 3: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.3 (e) of the R&TTE Directive".
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 12 May 2006
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 August 2006
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 28 February 2007
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 28 February 2007
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 300 162-1 V1.4.1 (2006-05)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the minimum requirements for shipborne Very High Frequency (VHF) transmitters and
receivers capable of voice and Digital Selective Calling (DSC), fitted with an external antenna connector for use on
board ships.
The present document lays down minimum requirements for VHF radio transmitters and receivers operating in certain
frequency bands allocated to the maritime mobile service using both 25 kHz and 12,5 kHz channels, and incorporates
the requirements of the relevant recommendations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
[1] Radio Regulations (2004), appendix 18: "Table of transmitting frequencies in the VHF maritime
mobile band".
[2] ITU-T Recommendation E.161 (2001): "Arrangement of digits, letters and symbols on telephones
and other devices that can be used for gaining access to a telephone network".
[3] ITU-R Recommendation M.493-11 (2004): "Digital selective-calling system for use in the
maritime mobile service".
[4] ITU-R Recommendation M.541-9 (2004): "Operational procedures for the use of digital selective-
ca
...