SIST EN 303 316 V1.1.1:2017
(Main)Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications - Equipment operating in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz and 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency bands - Beamforming antennas - Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU
Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications - Equipment operating in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz and 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency bands - Beamforming antennas - Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for radio equipment at the
Ground Station and Aircraft Station for Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground communications systems employing
beamforming antennas.
The present document covers the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.5] under the
conditions identified in annex A.
Širokopasovne neposredne komunikacije zrak-tla - Oprema, ki deluje v frekvenčnih pasovih od 1900 MHz do 1920 MHz in od 5855 MHz do 5875 MHz - Snop anten - Harmonizirani standard, ki zajema bistvene zahteve člena 3.2 direktive 2014/53/EU
Ta dokument določa tehnične lastnosti in metode merjenja za radijsko opremo na zemeljski postaji in letalski postaji za sisteme širokopasovne neposredne komunikacije zrak-tla, ki uporabljajo snope anten.
Ta dokument zajema bistvene zahteve člena 3.2 direktive 2014/53/EU [i.5] pod pogoji iz dodatka A.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications;
Equipment operating in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz and
5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency bands;
Beamforming antennas;
Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU
2 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
Reference
DEN/BRAN-0060013
Keywords
aeronautical, broadband, mobile, network, radio
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3 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Executive summary . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Technical requirements specifications . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.1.1 Environmental profile . 9
4.1.2 General System Characteristics . 9
4.1.3 Additional requirement for the Aircraft Station . 10
4.2 Conformance requirements . 10
4.2.1 General . 10
4.2.2 Transmitter EIRP Spectral Density . 10
4.2.2.1 Definition . 10
4.2.2.2 Limits . 10
4.2.2.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band . 10
4.2.2.2.2 For operation in the 5 850 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band . 10
4.2.2.3 Conformance . 12
4.2.3 Designation of Centre Frequency . 12
4.2.4 Out-of-band EIRP Spectral Density . 12
4.2.4.1 Definition . 12
4.2.4.2 Limits . 12
4.2.4.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band . 12
4.2.4.2.2 For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz band. 13
4.2.4.3 Conformance . 13
4.2.5 Cessation of emissions . 13
4.2.5.1 Definition . 13
4.2.5.2 Limits . 13
4.2.5.3 Conformance . 13
4.2.6 Receiver parameters . 13
4.2.6.1 Receiver sensitivity . 13
4.2.6.1.1 Definition. 13
4.2.6.1.2 Limits . 13
4.2.6.1.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.6.2 Receiver adjacent channel selectivity. 14
4.2.6.2.1 Definition. 14
4.2.6.2.2 Limit . 14
4.2.6.2.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.6.3 Detect and Avoid capability . 14
4.2.6.3.1 Definition. 14
4.2.6.3.2 Limits . 14
4.2.6.3.3 Conformance . 14
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 14
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 14
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4 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
5.2 Interpretation of the measurement results . 15
5.3 Test Methods . 15
5.3.1 General considerations . 15
5.3.2 EIRP Measurements . 16
5.3.2.1 Common test conditions for radiated power measurements . 16
5.3.2.2 Transmitter EIRP spectral density . 16
5.3.2.2.1 Ground Station measurement . 16
5.3.2.2.2 Aircraft Station measurement . 18
5.3.2.3 Out-of-band EIRP spectral density . 19
5.3.2.3.1 Tests required for 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz band only . 19
5.3.3 Cessation of emissions . 21
5.3.3.1 Minimum operational altitude . 21
5.3.3.1.1 Test conditions . 21
5.3.3.1.2 Test method . 21
5.3.3.2 Minimum operational elevation angle . 21
5.3.3.2.1 Test conditions . 21
5.3.3.2.2 Test method . 21
5.3.4 Receiver sensitivity . 22
5.3.4.1 Test conditions . 22
5.3.4.2 Test Method . 22
5.3.5 Receiver Adjacent channel selectivity . 22
5.3.5.1 Test conditions . 22
5.3.5.2 Test method . 22
5.3.6 Aircraft Station Detect and Avoid capability . 22
5.3.6.0 Applicability. 22
5.3.6.1 Test conditions . 22
5.3.6.2 Test method . 23
Annex A (normative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 24
Annex B (normative): Test specification . 25
B.1 Normal test environment . 25
B.2 RF Bandwidth . 25
B.3 Test Configurations . 25
B.3.1 Receiver ACS . 25
Annex C (normative): Geographical Data . 26
C.1 Height above Ground . 26
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 27
Annex E (informative): Change History . 28
History . 29
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5 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This draft Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Broadband Radio
Access Networks (BRAN), and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote phase of the ETSI
standards EN Approval Procedure.
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.10] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.5].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
The technical requirements in the present document reflect, in part, the results of studies undertaken within the CEPT
on compatibility between broadband direct air-to-ground systems and other applications operating within, or adjacent
to, the frequency bands which are designated for BDA2GC operations. These studies are described in ECC
Report 209 [i.1] (for the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz band) and ECC Report 210 [i.2] (for the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
band).
The resulting technical and operational requirements to be applied to BDA2GC systems in the 1 900 MHz to
1 920 MHz band and the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz band are contained within ECC Decision(15)02 [i.3] and ECC
Decision(15)03 [i.4] respectively.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
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6 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
Executive summary
The present document addresses the Broadband Direct Air to Ground Communications system based on the System
Reference Document ETSI TR 101 599 [i.11]. ETSI TR 101 599 [i.11] was used by the ECC, in conjunction with other
contributions, to develop technology neutral ECC Decisions on the allocation of European spectrum in the frequency
bands 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz and 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz.
The technical requirements in the present document reflect, in part, the results of studies undertaken within the CEPT
on compatibility between broadband direct air-to-ground systems and other applications operating within, or adjacent
to, the frequency bands that are designated for BDA2GC operations.
Introduction
The present document has been developed in accordance with the guidelines contained in ETSI EG 203 336 [i.7].
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7 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
1 Scope
The present document applies to radio equipment at the Ground Station and Aircraft Station for Broadband Direct
Air-to-Ground communications systems employing beamforming antennas.
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or any part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Transmit 1 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz
Receive 1 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz
Transmit 2 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
Receive 2 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
The present document contains requirements to demonstrate that radio equipment both effectively uses and supports the
efficient use of radio spectrum in order to avoid harmful interference.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] NIMA Technical Report TR8350.2 (1984, including amendment 1 of 03 January 2000 and
amendment 2 of 23 June 2004): "Department of Defense World Geodetic System 1984. Its
Definition and Relationships with Local Geodetic Systems".
[2] ETSI EN 302 502 (V1.2.1) (07-2008): "Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); 5,8 GHz
fixed broadband data transmitting systems; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ECC Report 209: "Compatibility/sharing studies related to Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground
Communications (DA2GC) in the frequency bands 1900-1920 MHz / 2010-2025 MHz and
services/applications in the adjacent bands".
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8 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
[i.2] ECC Report 210: "Compatibility/sharing studies related to Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground
Communications (DA2GC) in the frequency bands 5855-5875 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz and
3400 3600 MHz".
[i.3] ECC Decision (15)02: "The harmonised use of broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
(DA2GC) systems in the frequency band 1900-1920 MHz".
[i.4] ECC Decision (15)03: "The harmonised use of broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
(DA2GC) systems in the frequency band 5855-5875 MHz".
[i.5] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.7] ETSI EG 203 336: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Guide for
the selection of technical parameters for the production of Harmonised Standards covering
article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.8] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[i.9] ETSI TS 103 051 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Expanded measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated electromagnetic fields".
[i.10] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.11] ETSI TR 101 599 (V1.1.3) (09-2012): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum matters
(ERM) System Reference Document (SRDoc); Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground Communications
System employing beamforming antennas, operating in the 2,4 GHz and 5,8 GHz bands".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in Directive 2014/53/EU [i.5] and the
following apply:
Network Control Facility (NCF): set of functional entities that, at system level, monitor and control the correct
operation of the Ground Station (GS) and Aircraft Station (AS) and, if appropriate, all of the GSs and ASs in a
BDA2GC network
transmission disabled state: state which a GS or AS is in when it is not authorized by the NCF to transmit
transmission enabled state: state which a GS or AS is in when it is authorized by the NCF to transmit
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
f Channel centre frequency
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACS Adjacent Channel Selectivity
AS Aircraft Station
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9 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
ATPC Automatic Transmit Power Control
BDA2GC Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
BFWA Broadband Fixed Wireless Access
BW Bandwidth
CEPT Conférence Européenne des Postes et des Télécommunications
DA2GC Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
DAA Detect and Avoid
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EEC European Economic Community
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GS Ground Station
LV Low Voltage
NCF Network Control Facility
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OOB Out-Of-Band
QPSK Quadrature Phased Shift Keying
RF Radio Frequency
STE Special Test Equipment
TDD Time Division Duplex
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 General
4.1.1 Environmental profile
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be declared by the manufacturer. The equipment shall comply with all the technical
requirements of the present document at all times when operating within the boundary limits of the declared operational
environmental profile.
4.1.2 General System Characteristics
The main characteristics of a beamforming BDA2GC system to which the present document applies are as follows:
• The system allows for a broadband connection to be established between an aircraft equipped with a BDA2GC
Aircraft Station (AS) and a Ground Station (GS). The system operates in TDD mode, using OFDM type
modulation with variable modulation and coding to optimize the link performance.
• The system uses automatic transmit power control in both directions (GS to AS and AS to GS) in order to
maintain the required signal level at the receiver input.
• Both the AS and the GS employ phased array antennas which produce dynamically shaped and steerable
beams such that the Ground Station and the Aircraft Station mutually track each other.
• A given GS can comprise up to four separate integrated radio transceivers/phased array antenna assemblies,
enabling each GS to cover the entire visible air space, at all azimuths, from horizon to horizon. However, for
reasons of spectrum compatibility with other services, a minimum operational elevation angle needs to be
maintained as specified in clause 4.2.5.2.
• Each of the GS integrated antenna arrays is capable of simultaneously producing multiple co-frequency shaped
beams so that a number of aircraft can be served from a given GS.
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10 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
• Each AS operates under the control of the network, which enables handover/beam switching from one GS to
another, as the aircraft traverses its flight path and provides a means of ensuring that requirements such as
minimum operational elevation angle are met.
• The beamforming process is controlled via software algorithms which also enable the detection and
suppression of unwanted interfering signals, by means of signal processing techniques applied at the receiver
including the placement of directional nulls in the antenna patterns. Such techniques also enable nulls to be
dynamically placed in the transmitted radiation pattern, thereby suppressing the power emitted in given
directions.
4.1.3 Additional requirement for the Aircraft Station
For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band, the Aircraft Station shall employ Detect-and-Avoid
(DAA) techniques in order to protect Broadband Fixed Wireless Access.
4.2 Conformance requirements
4.2.1 General
Unless otherwise specified, the following requirements apply equally to the Ground Station and the Aircraft Station.
4.2.2 Transmitter EIRP Spectral Density
4.2.2.1 Definition
The transmitter EIRP spectral density is the equivalent isotropic radiated power spectral density emitted by the aircraft
station or ground station antenna arrays.
4.2.2.2 Limits
4.2.2.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band
The transmitter EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station shall not exceed 50 dBm/MHz. This EIRP spectral density
limit represents the maximum operational level at all times for a single beam, in the direction of the aircraft.
The transmitter EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station shall not exceed 34 dBm/MHz.
4.2.2.2.2 For operation in the 5 850 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band
The transmitter EIRP spectral density (per beam) shall not exceed 32 dBm/MHz.
For the Ground Station, the above EIRP spectral density limit represents the maximum operational level at all times for
a single beam, in the direction of the aircraft.
In addition, the Ground Station emissions shall not exceed the average EIRP levels shown in figure 1.
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11 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
Figure 1: EIRP mask as a function of elevation angle for the Ground Station
The exact values for the three elevation angle ranges are shown in table 2.
Table 2: Ground Station EIRP mask definition
Elevation Angle Average EIRP level (dBm/MHz)
o
< 2 4,3
o o
2 to 16 24,3
o
> 16 16,3
NOTE: These average EIRP levels represent the sum of the powers generated by all beams of the DA2GC Ground
Station in any given direction.
The Aircraft Station emissions shall not exceed the maximum EIRP levels shown in table 3.
Table 3: Aircraft Station EIRP mask
Elevation at ground (degrees) Aircraft EIRP (dBm/MHz) Note
0 to 5 29,5 - C
5 to 27 29,5 - C to 27,0 - C Straight line interpolation
27 to 28 27,0 - C to 19,5 - C Straight line interpolation
28 to 90 19,5 - C to 13,0 - C Straight line interpolation
Where C = 20 x log(10 000 / h) and h = height above ground of the aircraft in metres.
An example of the Aircraft Station EIRP mask which applies to an aircraft at 10 km height above ground is shown in
figure 2.
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12 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
Figure 2: Example of AS EIRP mask for an aircraft height above ground of 10 km
4.2.2.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.2.2 shall be carried out.
4.2.3 Designation of Centre Frequency
For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz band, the nominal channel centre frequency is 1 910 MHz.
For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz band, the nominal channel centre frequency is 5 865 MHz.
4.2.4 Out-of-band EIRP Spectral Density
4.2.4.1 Definition
The Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density is the equivalent isotropic radiated power spectral density emitted by the
Ground Station or Aircraft Station antenna arrays outside the designated channel bandwidth, resulting from the
modulation process and non-linearity in the transmitter, but excluding spurious emissions.
4.2.4.2 Limits
4.2.4.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band
4.2.4.2.1.1 Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station
The maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station is specified in table 4.
Table 4: Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station
Frequency range of OOB emissions Maximum OOB EIRP level (dBm/MHz)
1 880 MHz to 1 900 MHz -12,0
1 920 MHz to 1 980 MHz -23,0
NOTE: The e.i.r.p. levels are specified for the entire hemisphere below the horizontal plane of any installation.
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13 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
4.2.4.2.1.2 Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station
The maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station is specified in table 5.
Table 5: Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station
Frequency range of OOB emissions Maximum OOB EIRP level
1 880 MHz to 1 900 MHz -3,0 dBm/MHz
1 920 MHz to 1 980 MHz -3,0 dBm/MHz
4.2.4.2.2 For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz band
The Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density shall not exceed the following limits:
From5 815 MHz to 5 850 MHz: -38 - 10 × log10 (20 / BW) dBm/MHz (where BW = transmitter bandwidth (MHz)).
From 5 850 MHz to 5 855 MHz: -8 dBm/MHz.
From 5 875 MHz to 5 925 MHz: -8 dBm/MHz.
4.2.4.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.2.3 shall be carried out.
4.2.5 Cessation of emissions
4.2.5.1 Definition
This requirement is expressed as a minimum height above ground, below which the Aircraft Station shall cease
transmissions, together with a minimum operational elevation angle between the Ground Station and Aircraft Station.
4.2.5.2 Limits
When the height above ground of the Aircraft Station is less than 3 000 metres it shall automatically cease transmissions
and enter into the standby state.
In addition, the broadband DA2GC network shall control the beam switching at the Aircraft Station and at the Ground
Station so as to ensure that the operational elevation angle of the beam between the GS and the AS is never less than
5 degrees at all azimuths above the horizontal plane of the GS installation.
4.2.5.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.3 shall be carried out.
4.2.6 Receiver parameters
4.2.6.1 Receiver sensitivity
4.2.6.1.1 Definition
Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum power of the wanted signal at the receiver input to achieve the required
performance target in the absence of interference.
4.2.6.1.2 Limits
The receiver sensitivity shall be less than or equal to -87 dBm.
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14 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
4.2.6.1.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.4 shall be carried out.
4.2.6.2 Receiver adjacent channel selectivity
4.2.6.2.1 Definition
The receiver adjacent channel selectivity is a measure of a receiver's ability to achieve minimum throughput
requirements in the presence of an adjacent channel signal at a specific frequency offset from the given channel. ACS
can strictly be defined as the ratio (in dB) of the receiver filter's attenuation on the assigned channel frequency to the
receiver filter attenuation on the adjacent channels.
4.2.6.2.2 Limit
The receiver adjacent channel selectivity shall be equal to or greater than 43,5 dB.
4.2.6.2.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.5 shall be carried out.
4.2.6.3 Detect and Avoid capability
4.2.6.3.1 Definition
Detect and Avoid is a technique whereby the Aircraft Station receiver automatically detects emissions from BFWA
transmitting stations on the ground in order that action can then be taken to avoid harmful interference into BFWA by
reducing the AS EIRP in the direction of the BFWA receiver.
This requirement only applies to the Aircraft Station when operating in the band 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz.
4.2.6.3.2 Limits
The Aircraft Station receiver shall be capable of detecting interfering BFWA signals at levels greater than -106 dBm in
order that avoiding action can be taken to meet the requirement described in clause 4.1.3.
4.2.6.3.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.6 shall be carried out.
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing
Tests defined in the present document shall be carried out at representative points within the boundary limits of the
declared operational environmental profile.
Where technical performance varies subject to environmental conditions, tests shall be carried out under a sufficient
variety of environmental conditions (within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile) to
give confidence of compliance for the affected technical requirements.
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15 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
5.2 Interpretation of the measurement results
The interpretation of the results recorded in a test report for the measurements described in the present document shall
be as follows:
• the measured value related to the corresponding limit will be used to decide whether an equipment meets the
requirements of the present document;
• the value of the measurement uncertainty for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test
report;
• the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall be, for each measurement, equal to or lower than the
figures in table 6.
For the test methods, according to the present document, the measurement uncertainty figures shall be calculated and
shall correspond to an expansion factor (coverage factor) k = 1,96 or k = 2 (which provide confidence levels of
respectively 95 % and 95,45 % in the case where the distributions characterizing the actual measurement uncertainties
are normal (Gaussian)). Principles for the calculation of measurement uncertainty are contained in ETSI
TR 100 028 [i.8], in particular in annex D of ETSI TR 100 028-2 [i.8]. ETSI TS 103 051 [i.9] also provides relevant
data on the expanded measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated electromagnetic fields.
The e.i.r.p. measurement uncertainty figures included in table 6 are based on such expansion factors.
Table 6: Maximum measurement uncertainty
Parameter Uncertainty
Radio frequency ±10 kHz
e.i.r.p. ±6 dB
Out-of-band e.i.r.p. ±6 dB
Minimum receiver sensitivity ±1,5 dB
Receiver adjacent channel selectivity ±0,8 dB
Aircraft altitude ±50 m
5.3 Test Methods
5.3.1 General considerations
Formal testing is accomplished under the direction of a test procedure. This test procedure will have been created
specifically for testing the exact equipment intended for qualification or certification. The test procedure will describe
or provide reference to all expected test conditions and parameters, including cable harness construction details, all
equipment set-up, interconnect, placement and configuration details, instructions for operating the device and for
determining its proper operation, and any necessary instructions for performing the test measurements.
To enable the performance tests to be carried out, the use of a NCF Control Channel or a Special Test Equipment (STE)
made available by the manufacturer or system provider may be necessary. Since this STE will be specific for the
particular system, it is not possible to provide detailed specifications in the present document. However, the following
baseline is provided:
• if the AS requires reception of a modulated carrier from the Ground Station in order to transmit (or vice versa),
then special test arrangements are required to simulate the GS or AS signal as appropriate, thus enabling the
system to transmit, thereby allowing measurements of radiated parameters to be undertaken. Furthermore, the
STE should ensure that the radiated power levels from either the GS or the AS under test correspond to those
levels which would be produced by the GS or AS when the system is operating between a GS and an AS
mounted on an aircraft flying within the geographic/geometric constraints defined in clause 4.2.5.
Any characteristic of these special test arrangements which may have direct or indirect effects on the parameters to be
measured shall be clearly stated by the manufacturer.
ETSI
16 Draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.0.3 (2016-09)
The test procedures given in clause 5 may be replaced by other equivalent procedures provided that the results are
proven to be as accurate as those obtained according to the specified method. Because each manufacturer's equipment
may be different, then different test methods can be suggested and proposed by the manufacturer to account for the
different equipment characteristics. Specific test procedures shall be fully documented in the test procedure and test
report.
If the Equipment Under Test (EUT) has had hardware and/or software modification(s) performed by the manufacturer
for these tests, then full documentation of such modification(s) shall be provided to prove that the modification(s) will
simulate the required test condition. Such modification(s) shall be proved to allow the GS or AS to operate without its
main characteristics being changed.
All technical characteristics and operational conditions declared by the manufacturer shall be entered in the test report.
5.3.2 EIRP Measurements
5.3.2.1 Common test conditions for radiated power measurements
a) The measurements shall be performed in a suitable test chamber where the size of the chamber is sufficiently
large to ensure that the power measurements are carried out in the far field of the radiation pattern.
b) The tests shall be performed in a normal test environment as described in clause B.1.
c) The tests shall be carried out with the EUT (GS or AS) transmitting a simulated operational waveform signal
which carries a pseudorandom data stream.
d) A calibrated receive antenna shall be positioned on a moveable platform allowing for it to be adjusted in height
and in angular offset from EUT and while maintaining antenna pointing directly towards the EUT for all
positions of the platform.
e) The moveable platform should also allow for the maximum distance possible from the EUT to be maintained
as the receive antenna is moved across the required angular range for each test.
f) The output from the calibrated antenna shall be connected to a spectrum analyser with the resolution
bandwidth and other settings set to the appropriate values as specified for each test in clause 5.3.2.2 to
clause 5.3.2.3. Alternatively, a dedicated measurement receiver with
...
Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications;
Equipment operating in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz and
5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency bands;
Beamforming antennas;
Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU
2 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
Reference
DEN/BRAN-0060013
Keywords
aeronautical, broadband, mobile, network, radio
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ETSI
3 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Executive summary . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Technical requirements specifications . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.1.1 Environmental profile . 9
4.1.2 General System Characteristics . 9
4.1.3 Additional requirement for the Aircraft Station . 10
4.2 Conformance requirements . 10
4.2.1 General . 10
4.2.2 Transmitter EIRP Spectral Density . 10
4.2.2.1 Definition . 10
4.2.2.2 Limits . 10
4.2.2.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band . 10
4.2.2.2.2 For operation in the 5 850 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band . 10
4.2.2.3 Conformance . 12
4.2.3 Designation of Centre Frequency . 12
4.2.4 Out-of-band EIRP Spectral Density . 12
4.2.4.1 Definition . 12
4.2.4.2 Limits . 12
4.2.4.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band . 12
4.2.4.2.2 For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz band. 13
4.2.4.3 Conformance . 13
4.2.5 Spurious emissions . 13
4.2.5.1 Definition . 13
4.2.5.2 Limits . 13
4.2.5.3 Conformance . 13
4.2.6 Cessation of emissions . 13
4.2.6.1 Definition . 13
4.2.6.2 Limits . 14
4.2.6.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.7 Receiver parameters . 14
4.2.7.1 Receiver sensitivity . 14
4.2.7.1.1 Definition. 14
4.2.7.1.2 Limits . 14
4.2.7.1.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.7.2 Receiver adjacent channel selectivity. 14
4.2.7.2.1 Definition. 14
4.2.7.2.2 Limit . 14
4.2.7.2.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.7.3 Detect and Avoid capability . 14
4.2.7.3.1 Definition. 14
4.2.7.3.2 Limits . 15
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4 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
4.2.7.3.3 Conformance . 15
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 15
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 15
5.2 Interpretation of the measurement results . 15
5.3 Test Methods . 16
5.3.1 General considerations . 16
5.3.2 EIRP Measurements . 16
5.3.2.1 Common test conditions for radiated power measurements . 16
5.3.2.2 Transmitter EIRP spectral density . 17
5.3.2.2.1 Ground Station measurement . 17
5.3.2.2.2 Aircraft Station measurement . 19
5.3.2.3 Out-of-band EIRP spectral density . 20
5.3.2.3.1 Tests required for 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz band only . 20
5.3.3 Transmitter spurious emis sions . 23
5.3.3.1 Initial conditions . 23
5.3.3.2 Procedure . 23
5.3.3.3 Test requirement . 23
5.3.4 Cessation of emissions . 23
5.3.4.1 Minimum operational altitude . 23
5.3.4.1.1 Test conditions . 23
5.3.4.1.2 Test method . 23
5.3.4.2 Minimum operational elevation angle . 23
5.3.4.2.1 Test conditions . 23
5.3.4.2.2 Test method . 24
5.3.5 Receiver sensitivity . 24
5.3.5.1 Test conditions . 24
5.3.5.2 Test Method . 24
5.3.6 Receiver Adjacent channel selectivity . 24
5.3.6.1 Test conditions . 24
5.3.6.2 Test method . 24
5.3.6.3 Test requirement . 24
5.3.7 Aircraft Station Detect and Avoid capability . 24
5.3.7.0 Applicability. 24
5.3.7.1 Test conditions . 24
5.3.7.2 Test method . 25
5.3.7.2.1 Detection level . 25
5.3.7.2.2 Reduced transmit EIRP density . 25
5.3.7.2.3 DAA reaction time . 26
5.3.7.2.4 Test requirement . 26
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 27
Annex B (normative): Test specification . 28
B.1 Normal test environment . 28
B.2 RF Bandwidth . 28
B.3 Test Configurations . 28
B.3.1 Transmitter spurious Emissions . 28
B.3.2 Receiver ACS . 28
Annex C (normative): Geographical Data . 30
C.1 Height above Ground . 30
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 31
Annex E (informative): Change History . 32
History . 33
ETSI
5 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This final draft Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Broadband
Radio Access Networks (BRAN), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the ETSI standards EN Approval
Procedure.
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.10] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.5].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
The technical requirements in the present document reflect, in part, the results of studies undertaken within the CEPT
on compatibility between broadband direct air-to-ground systems and other applications operating within, or adjacent
to, the frequency bands which are designated for BDA2GC operations. These studies are described in ECC
Report 209 [i.1] (for the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz band) and ECC Report 210 [i.2] (for the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
band).
The resulting technical and operational requirements to be applied to BDA2GC systems in the 1 900 MHz to
1 920 MHz band and the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz band are contained within ECC Decision(15)02 [i.3] and ECC
Decision(15)03 [i.4] respectively.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
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6 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
Executive summary
The present document addresses the Broadband Direct Air to Ground Communications system based on the System
Reference Document ETSI TR 101 599 [i.10]. ETSI TR 101 599 [i.10] was used by the ECC, in conjunction with other
contributions, to develop technology neutral ECC Decisions on the allocation of European spectrum in the frequency
bands 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz and 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz.
The technical requirements in the present document reflect, in part, the results of studies undertaken within the CEPT
on compatibility between broadband direct air-to-ground systems and other applications operating within, or adjacent
to, the frequency bands that are designated for BDA2GC operations.
Introduction
The present document has been developed in accordance with the guidelines contained in ETSI EG 203 336 [i.6].
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7 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for radio equipment at the
Ground Station and Aircraft Station for Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground communications systems employing
beamforming antennas.
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or any part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Transmit 1 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz
Receive 1 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz
Transmit 2 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
Receive 2 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
The present document covers the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.5] under the
conditions identified in annex A.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are specific, identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number. Only the cited
version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] NIMA Technical Report TR8350.2 (1984, including amendment 1 of 03 January 2000 and
amendment 2 of 23 June 2004): "Department of Defense World Geodetic System 1984. Its
Definition and Relationships with Local Geodetic Systems".
[2] ETSI EN 302 502 (V2.1.1) (2017-03): "Wireless Access Systems (WAS); 5,8 GHz fixed
broadband data transmitting systems; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ECC Report 209: "Compatibility/sharing studies related to Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground
Communications (DA2GC) in the frequency bands 1900-1920 MHz / 2010-2025 MHz and
services/applications in the adjacent bands".
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8 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
[i.2] ECC Report 210: "Compatibility/sharing studies related to Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground
Communications (DA2GC) in the frequency bands 5855-5875 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz and
3400 3600 MHz".
[i.3] ECC Decision (15)02: "The harmonised use of broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
(DA2GC) systems in the frequency band 1900-1920 MHz".
[i.4] ECC Decision (15)03: "The harmonised use of broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
(DA2GC) systems in the frequency band 5855-5875 MHz".
[i.5] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.6] ETSI EG 203 336: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Guide for
the selection of technical parameters for the production of Harmonised Standards covering
article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.7] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[i.8] ETSI TR 100 028-2 (V1.4.1): " Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Part 2".
[i.9] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.10] ETSI TR 101 599 (V1.1.3) (09-2012): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum matters
(ERM) System Reference Document (SRDoc); Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground Communications
System employing beamforming antennas, operating in the 2,4 GHz and 5,8 GHz bands".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in Directive 2014/53/EU [i.5] and the
following apply:
Network Control Facility (NCF): set of functional entities that, at system level, monitor and control the correct
operation of the Ground Station (GS) and Aircraft Station (AS) and, if appropriate, all of the GSs and ASs in a
BDA2GC network
transmission disabled state: state which a GS or AS is in when it is not authorized by the NCF to transmit
transmission enabled state: state which a GS or AS is in when it is authorized by the NCF to transmit
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
f Channel centre frequency
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACS Adjacent Channel Selectivity
AS Aircraft Station
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9 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
ATPC Automatic Transmit Power Control
BDA2GC Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
BFWA Broadband Fixed Wireless Access
BW Bandwidth
CEPT Conférence Européenne des Postes et des Télécommunications
DA2GC Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
DAA Detect and Avoid
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EEC European Economic Community
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GS Ground Station
LV Low Voltage
NCF Network Control Facility
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OOB Out-Of-Band
PL Free space path loss
QPSK Quadrature Phased Shift Keying
RF Radio Frequency
RMS root mean square
STE Special Test Equipment
TDD Time Division Duplex
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 General
4.1.1 Environmental profile
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be declared by the manufacturer. The equipment shall comply with all the technical
requirements of the present document which are identified as applicable in annex A at all times when operating within
the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile.
4.1.2 General System Characteristics
The main characteristics of a beamforming BDA2GC system to which the present document applies are as follows:
• The system allows for a broadband connection to be established between an aircraft equipped with a BDA2GC
Aircraft Station (AS) and a Ground Station (GS). The system operates in TDD mode, using OFDM type
modulation with variable modulation and coding to optimize the link performance.
• The system uses automatic transmit power control in both directions (GS to AS and AS to GS) in order to
maintain the required signal level at the receiver input.
• Both the AS and the GS employ phased array antennas which produce dynamically shaped and steerable
beams such that the Ground Station and the Aircraft Station mutually track each other.
• A given GS can comprise up to four separate integrated radio transceivers/phased array antenna assemblies,
enabling each GS to cover the entire visible air space, at all azimuths, from horizon to horizon. However, for
reasons of spectrum compatibility with other services, a minimum operational elevation angle needs to be
maintained as specified in clause 4.2.5.2.
• Each of the GS integrated antenna arrays is capable of simultaneously producing multiple co-frequency shaped
beams so that a number of aircraft can be served from a given GS.
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10 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
• Each AS operates under the control of the network, which enables handover/beam switching from one GS to
another, as the aircraft traverses its flight path and provides a means of ensuring that requirements such as
minimum operational elevation angle are met.
• The beamforming process is controlled via software algorithms which also enable the detection and
suppression of unwanted interfering signals, by means of signal processing techniques applied at the receiver
including the placement of directional nulls in the antenna patterns. Such techniques also enable nulls to be
dynamically placed in the transmitted radiation pattern, thereby suppressing the power emitted in given
directions.
4.1.3 Additional requirement for the Aircraft Station
For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band, the Aircraft Station shall employ Detect-and-Avoid
(DAA) techniques in order to protect Broadband Fixed Wireless Access.
For DAA to be effective, the aircraft receiver shall be capable of detecting signals transmitted from BFWA transmitters
on the ground before the aircraft transmissions give rise to unacceptable levels of interference at the BFWA receiver.
The required detection level is specified in clause 4.2.7.3.2.1.
A number of mechanisms can be employed to achieve the required avoidance of harmful interference when an
interfering signal above the required level has been detected. These include antenna nulling, adaptive OFDM spectral
power density and ground station diversity (switching the aircraft station transmit beam to point towards a different
ground station).
Whichever avoidance mechanism is employed, the essential requirement is that the aircraft station EIRP in the direction
of the BFWA receiver is reduced to a sufficiently low level, and sufficiently rapidly, such that the resulting power at the
BFWA receiver shall never exceed the BFWA interference criterion. The corresponding maximum AS transmit EIRP
density and reaction time is specified in clause 4.2.7.3.2.2.
4.2 Conformance requirements
4.2.1 General
Unless otherwise specified, the following requirements apply equally to the Ground Station and the Aircraft Station.
4.2.2 Transmitter EIRP Spectral Density
4.2.2.1 Definition
The transmitter EIRP spectral density is the equivalent isotropic radiated power spectral density emitted by the aircraft
station or ground station antenna arrays.
4.2.2.2 Limits
4.2.2.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band
The transmitter EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station shall not exceed 50 dBm/MHz. This EIRP spectral density
limit represents the maximum operational level at all times for a single beam, in the direction of the aircraft.
The transmitter EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station shall not exceed 34 dBm/MHz.
4.2.2.2.2 For operation in the 5 850 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band
The transmitter EIRP spectral density (per beam) shall not exceed 32 dBm/MHz.
For the Ground Station, the above EIRP spectral density limit represents the maximum operational level at all times for
a single beam, in the direction of the aircraft.
In addition, the Ground Station emissions shall not exceed the average EIRP levels shown in figure 1.
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11 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
Figure 1: EIRP mask as a function of elevation angle for the Ground Station
The exact values for the three elevation angle ranges are shown in table 2.
Table 2: Ground Station EIRP mask definition
Elevation Angle Average EIRP level (dBm/MHz)
o
< 2 4,3
o o
2 to 16 24,3
o
> 16 16,3
NOTE: These average EIRP levels represent the sum of the powers generated by all beams of the DA2GC Ground
Station in any given direction.
The Aircraft Station emissions shall not exceed the maximum EIRP levels shown in table 3.
Table 3: Aircraft Station EIRP mask
Elevation at ground (degrees) Aircraft EIRP (dBm/MHz) Note
0 to 5 29,5 - C
5 to 27 29,5 - C to 27,0 - C Straight line interpolation
27 to 28 27,0 - C to 19,5 - C Straight line interpolation
28 to 90 19,5 - C to 13,0 - C Straight line interpolation
Where C = 20 x log(10 000 / h) and h = height above ground of the aircraft in metres.
An example of the Aircraft Station EIRP mask which applies to an aircraft at 10 km height above ground is shown in
figure 2.
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12 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
Figure 2: Example of AS EIRP mask for an aircraft height above ground of 10 km
4.2.2.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.2.2 shall be carried out.
4.2.3 Designation of Centre Frequency
For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz band, the nominal channel centre frequency is 1 910 MHz.
For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz band, the nominal channel centre frequency is 5 865 MHz.
4.2.4 Out-of-band EIRP Spectral Density
4.2.4.1 Definition
The Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density is the equivalent isotropic radiated power spectral density emitted by the
Ground Station or Aircraft Station antenna arrays outside the designated channel bandwidth, resulting from the
modulation process and non-linearity in the transmitter, but excluding spurious emissions.
4.2.4.2 Limits
4.2.4.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band
4.2.4.2.1.1 Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station
The maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station is specified in table 4.
Table 4: Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station
Frequency range of OOB emissions Maximum OOB EIRP level (dBm/MHz)
1 880 MHz to 1 900 MHz -12,0
1 920 MHz to 1 980 MHz -23,0
NOTE: The e.i.r.p. levels are specified for the entire hemisphere below the horizontal plane of any installation.
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13 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
4.2.4.2.1.2 Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station
The maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station is specified in table 5.
Table 5: Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station
Frequency range of OOB emissions Maximum OOB EIRP level
1 880 MHz to 1 900 MHz -3,0 dBm/MHz
1 920 MHz to 1 980 MHz -3,0 dBm/MHz
4.2.4.2.2 For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz band
The Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density shall not exceed the following limits:
From 5 815 MHz to 5 850 MHz: -38 - 10 × log10 (20 / BW) dBm/MHz (where BW = transmitter bandwidth (MHz)).
From 5 850 MHz to 5 855 MHz: -8 dBm/MHz.
From 5 875 MHz to 5 925 MHz: -8 dBm/MHz.
4.2.4.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.2.3 shall be carried out.
4.2.5 Spurious emissions
4.2.5.1 Definition
Transmitter spurious emissions are emissions that are caused by unwanted transmitter effects such as harmonics
emission, parasitic emission, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products, but exclude out-of-band
emissions.
4.2.5.2 Limits
The power of any spurious emission shall not exceed the maximum level given by:
The spurious emissions during transmit mode are defined as unwanted power in the bands from 30 MHz up to
Fc - 2,5 × BW and from Fc + 2,5 × BW up to 5 × Fc, where Fc is the carrier frequency and BW is the signal bandwidth.
The maximum level of spurious emission is: -36 dBm/(100 kHz), for 30 MHz ≤ f ≤ 1 GHz
-30 dBm/MHz, for 1 GHz < f ≤ 26 GHz
4.2.5.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.3 shall be carried out.
4.2.6 Cessation of emissions
4.2.6.1 Definition
This requirement is expressed as a minimum height above ground, below which the Aircraft Station shall cease
transmissions, together with a minimum operational elevation angle between the Ground Station and Aircraft Station.
ETSI
14 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
4.2.6.2 Limits
When the height above ground of the Aircraft Station is less than 3 000 metres it shall automatically cease transmissions
and enter into the standby state.
In addition, the broadband DA2GC network shall control the beam switching at the Aircraft Station and at the Ground
Station so as to ensure that the operational elevation angle of the beam between the GS and the AS is never less than
5 degrees at all azimuths above the horizontal plane of the GS installation.
4.2.6.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.4 shall be carried out.
4.2.7 Receiver parameters
4.2.7.1 Receiver sensitivity
4.2.7.1.1 Definition
Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum power of the wanted signal at the receiver input to achieve the required
performance target in the absence of interference.
4.2.7.1.2 Limits
The receiver sensitivity shall be less than or equal to -87 dBm.
4.2.7.1.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.5 shall be carried out.
4.2.7.2 Receiver adjacent channel selectivity
4.2.7.2.1 Definition
The receiver adjacent channel selectivity is a measure of a receiver's ability to achieve minimum throughput
requirements in the presence of an adjacent channel signal at a specific frequency offset from the given channel. ACS
can strictly be defined as the ratio (in dB) of the receiver filter's attenuation on the assigned channel frequency to the
receiver filter attenuation on the adjacent channels.
4.2.7.2.2 Limit
The receiver adjacent channel selectivity shall be equal to or greater than 43,5 dB.
4.2.7.2.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.6 shall be carried out.
4.2.7.3 Detect and Avoid capability
4.2.7.3.1 Definition
Detect and Avoid is a technique whereby the Aircraft Station receiver automatically detects emissions from BFWA
transmitting stations on the ground in order that action can then be taken to avoid harmful interference into BFWA by
reducing the AS EIRP in the direction of the BFWA receiver.
This requirement only applies to the Aircraft Station when operating in the band 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz.
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15 Final draft ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.0 (2017-04)
4.2.7.3.2 Limits
4.2.7.3.2.1 Detection level
The Aircraft Station receiver shall be capable of detecting interfering signals at levels greater than -106 dBm in order
that avoiding action can be taken to meet the requirement described in clause 4.1.3.
4.2.7.3.2.2 Reduced transmit EIRP density
When the aircraft station receiver is in a state indicating that an interfering signal has been detected, the AS transmit
EIRP spectral density shall be reduced to a maximum of +6 dBm/MHz in the direction of the detected interfering
transmitter.
4.2.7.3.2.3 DAA reaction time
The aircraft station transmit EIRP density level shall be reduced to the maximum level specified in clause 4.2.7.3.2.2
within 100 milliseconds of the equipment entering the interference detect state.
4.2.7.3.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.7 shall be carried out.
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing
Tests defined in the present document shall be carried out at representative points within the boundary limits of the
declared operational environmental profile.
Where technical performance varies subject to environmental conditions, tests shall be carried out under a sufficient
variety of environmental conditions (within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile) to
give confidence of compliance for the affected technical requirements.
5.2 Interpretation of the measurement results
The interpretation of the results recorded in a test report for the measurements described in the present document shall
be as follows:
• the measured value related to the corresponding limit will be used to decide whether an equipment meets the
requirements of the present document;
• the value of the measurement uncertainty for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test
report;
• the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall be, for each measurement, equal to or less than the
figures in table 6.
For the test methods, according to the present document, the measurement uncertainty figures shall be calculated and
shall correspond to an expansion factor (coverage factor) k = 1,96 or k = 2 (which provide confidence levels of
respectively 95 % and 95,45 % in the case where the distributions characterizing the actual measurement uncertainties
are normal (Gaussian)). Principles for the calculation of measurement uncertainty are contained in
ETSI TR 1
...
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications;
Equipment operating in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz and
5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency bands;
Beamforming antennas;
Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU
2 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
Reference
DEN/BRAN-60013
Keywords
aeronautical, broadband, mobile, network, radio
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3 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Executive summary . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Technical requirements specifications . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.1.1 Environmental profile . 9
4.1.2 General System Characteristics . 9
4.1.3 Additional requirement for the Aircraft Station . 10
4.2 Conformance requirements . 10
4.2.1 General . 10
4.2.2 Transmitter EIRP Spectral Density . 10
4.2.2.1 Definition . 10
4.2.2.2 Limits . 10
4.2.2.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band . 10
4.2.2.2.2 For operation in the 5 850 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band . 10
4.2.2.3 Conformance . 12
4.2.3 Designation of Centre Frequency . 12
4.2.4 Out-of-band EIRP Spectral Density . 12
4.2.4.1 Definition . 12
4.2.4.2 Limits . 12
4.2.4.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band . 12
4.2.4.2.2 For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band . 13
4.2.4.3 Conformance . 13
4.2.5 Spurious emissions . 13
4.2.5.1 Definition . 13
4.2.5.2 Limits . 13
4.2.5.3 Conformance . 13
4.2.6 Cessation of emissions . 13
4.2.6.1 Definition . 13
4.2.6.2 Limits . 13
4.2.6.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.7 Receiver parameters . 14
4.2.7.1 Receiver sensitivity . 14
4.2.7.1.1 Definition. 14
4.2.7.1.2 Limits . 14
4.2.7.1.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.7.2 Receiver adjacent channel selectivity. 14
4.2.7.2.1 Definition. 14
4.2.7.2.2 Limit . 14
4.2.7.2.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.7.3 Detect and Avoid capability . 14
4.2.7.3.1 Definition. 14
4.2.7.3.2 Limits . 14
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4 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
4.2.7.3.3 Conformance . 15
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 15
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 15
5.2 Interpretation of the measurement results . 15
5.3 Test Methods . 16
5.3.1 General considerations . 16
5.3.2 EIRP Measurements . 16
5.3.2.1 Common test conditions for radiated power measurements . 16
5.3.2.2 Transmitter EIRP spectral density . 17
5.3.2.2.1 Ground Station measurement . 17
5.3.2.2.2 Aircraft Station measurement . 18
5.3.2.3 Out-of-band EIRP spectral density . 20
5.3.2.3.1 Tests required for 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz band only . 20
5.3.3 Transmitter spurious emis sions . 23
5.3.3.1 Initial conditions . 23
5.3.3.2 Procedure . 23
5.3.3.3 Test requirement . 23
5.3.4 Cessation of emissions . 23
5.3.4.1 Minimum operational altitude . 23
5.3.4.1.1 Test conditions . 23
5.3.4.1.2 Test method . 23
5.3.4.2 Minimum operational elevation angle . 23
5.3.4.2.1 Test conditions . 23
5.3.4.2.2 Test method . 24
5.3.5 Receiver sensitivity . 24
5.3.5.1 Test conditions . 24
5.3.5.2 Test Method . 24
5.3.6 Receiver Adjacent channel selectivity . 24
5.3.6.1 Test conditions . 24
5.3.6.2 Test method . 24
5.3.6.3 Test requirement . 24
5.3.7 Aircraft Station Detect and Avoid capability . 24
5.3.7.0 Applicability. 24
5.3.7.1 Test conditions . 24
5.3.7.2 Test method . 25
5.3.7.2.1 Detection level . 25
5.3.7.2.2 Reduced transmit EIRP density . 25
5.3.7.2.3 DAA reaction time . 26
5.3.7.2.4 Test requirement . 26
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 27
Annex B (normative): Test specification . 28
B.1 Normal test environment . 28
B.2 RF Bandwidth . 28
B.3 Test Configurations . 28
B.3.1 Transmitter spurious Emissions . 28
B.3.2 Receiver ACS . 28
Annex C (normative): Geographical Data . 30
C.1 Height above Ground . 30
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 31
Annex E (informative): Change history . 32
History . 33
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Broadband Radio Access
Networks (BRAN).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.9] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.5].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
The technical requirements in the present document reflect, in part, the results of studies undertaken within the CEPT
on compatibility between broadband direct air-to-ground systems and other applications operating within, or adjacent
to, the frequency bands which are designated for BDA2GC operations. These studies are described in ECC
Report 209 [i.1] (for the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz band) and ECC Report 210 [i.2] (for the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
band).
The resulting technical and operational requirements to be applied to BDA2GC systems in the 1 900 MHz to
1 920 MHz band and the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz band are contained within ECC Decision(15)02 [i.3] and ECC
Decision(15)03 [i.4] respectively.
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 3 July 2017
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 October 2017
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 April 2018
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 April 2019
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive summary
The present document addresses the Broadband Direct Air to Ground Communications system based on the System
Reference Document ETSI TR 101 599 [i.10]. ETSI TR 101 599 [i.10] was used by the ECC, in conjunction with other
contributions, to develop technology neutral ECC Decisions on the allocation of European spectrum in the frequency
bands 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz and 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz.
The technical requirements in the present document reflect, in part, the results of studies undertaken within the CEPT
on compatibility between broadband direct air-to-ground systems and other applications operating within, or adjacent
to, the frequency bands that are designated for BDA2GC operations.
Introduction
The present document has been developed in accordance with the guidelines contained in ETSI EG 203 336 [i.6].
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for radio equipment at the
Ground Station and Aircraft Station for Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground communications systems employing
beamforming antennas.
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or any part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Transmit 1 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz
Receive 1 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz
Transmit 2 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
Receive 2 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
The present document covers the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.5] under the
conditions identified in annex A.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are specific, identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number. Only the cited
version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] NIMA Technical Report TR8350.2 (1984, including amendment 1 of 03 January 2000 and
amendment 2 of 23 June 2004): "Department of Defense World Geodetic System 1984. Its
Definition and Relationships with Local Geodetic Systems".
[2] ETSI EN 302 502 (V2.1.1) (03-2017): "Wireless Access Systems (WAS); 5,8 GHz fixed
broadband data transmitting systems; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ECC Report 209: "Compatibility/sharing studies related to Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground
Communications (DA2GC) in the frequency bands 1900-1920 MHz / 2010-2025 MHz and
services/applications in the adjacent bands".
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
[i.2] ECC Report 210: "Compatibility/sharing studies related to Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground
Communications (DA2GC) in the frequency bands 5855-5875 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz and
3400 3600 MHz".
[i.3] ECC Decision (15)02: "The harmonised use of broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
(DA2GC) systems in the frequency band 1900-1920 MHz".
[i.4] ECC Decision (15)03: "The harmonised use of broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
(DA2GC) systems in the frequency band 5855-5875 MHz".
[i.5] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.6] ETSI EG 203 336: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Guide for
the selection of technical parameters for the production of Harmonised Standards covering
article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.7] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[i.8] ETSI TR 100 028-2 (V1.4.1): " Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Part 2".
[i.9] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.10] ETSI TR 101 599 (V1.1.3) (09-2012): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum matters
(ERM) System Reference Document (SRDoc); Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground Communications
System employing beamforming antennas, operating in the 2,4 GHz and 5,8 GHz bands".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in Directive 2014/53/EU [i.5] and the
following apply:
Network Control Facility (NCF): set of functional entities that, at system level, monitor and control the correct
operation of the Ground Station (GS) and Aircraft Station (AS) and, if appropriate, all of the GSs and ASs in a
BDA2GC network
transmission disabled state: state which a GS or AS is in when it is not authorized by the NCF to transmit
transmission enabled state: state which a GS or AS is in when it is authorized by the NCF to transmit
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
f Channel centre frequency
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACS Adjacent Channel Selectivity
AS Aircraft Station
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9 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
ATPC Automatic Transmit Power Control
BDA2GC Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
BFWA Broadband Fixed Wireless Access
BW Bandwidth
CEPT Conférence Européenne des Postes et des Télécommunications
DA2GC Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
DAA Detect and Avoid
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EEC European Economic Community
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GS Ground Station
LV Low Voltage
NCF Network Control Facility
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OOB Out-Of-Band
PL Free space Path Loss
QPSK Quadrature Phased Shift Keying
RF Radio Frequency
rms root mean square
STE Special Test Equipment
TDD Time Division Duplex
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 General
4.1.1 Environmental profile
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be declared by the manufacturer. The equipment shall comply with all the technical
requirements of the present document which are identified as applicable in annex A at all times when operating within
the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile.
4.1.2 General System Characteristics
The main characteristics of a beamforming BDA2GC system to which the present document applies are as follows:
• The system allows for a broadband connection to be established between an aircraft equipped with a BDA2GC
Aircraft Station (AS) and a Ground Station (GS). The system operates in TDD mode, using OFDM type
modulation with variable modulation and coding to optimize the link performance.
• The system uses automatic transmit power control in both directions (GS to AS and AS to GS) in order to
maintain the required signal level at the receiver input.
• Both the AS and the GS employ phased array antennas which produce dynamically shaped and steerable
beams such that the Ground Station and the Aircraft Station mutually track each other.
• A given GS can comprise up to four separate integrated radio transceivers/phased array antenna assemblies,
enabling each GS to cover the entire visible air space, at all azimuths, from horizon to horizon. However, for
reasons of spectrum compatibility with other services, a minimum operational elevation angle needs to be
maintained as specified in clause 4.2.6.2.
• Each of the GS integrated antenna arrays is capable of simultaneously producing multiple co-frequency shaped
beams so that a number of aircraft can be served from a given GS.
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10 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
• Each AS operates under the control of the network, which enables handover/beam switching from one GS to
another, as the aircraft traverses its flight path and provides a means of ensuring that requirements such as
minimum operational elevation angle are met.
• The beamforming process is controlled via software algorithms which also enable the detection and
suppression of unwanted interfering signals, by means of signal processing techniques applied at the receiver
including the placement of directional nulls in the antenna patterns. Such techniques also enable nulls to be
dynamically placed in the transmitted radiation pattern, thereby suppressing the power emitted in given
directions.
4.1.3 Additional requirement for the Aircraft Station
For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band, the Aircraft Station shall employ Detect-and-Avoid
(DAA) techniques in order to protect Broadband Fixed Wireless Access.
For DAA to be effective, the aircraft receiver shall be capable of detecting signals transmitted from BFWA transmitters
on the ground before the aircraft transmissions give rise to unacceptable levels of interference at the BFWA receiver.
The required detection level is specified in clause 4.2.7.3.2.1.
A number of mechanisms can be employed to achieve the required avoidance of harmful interference when an
interfering signal above the required level has been detected. These include antenna nulling, adaptive OFDM spectral
power density and ground station diversity (switching the aircraft station transmit beam to point towards a different
ground station).
Whichever avoidance mechanism is employed, the essential requirement is that the aircraft station EIRP in the direction
of the BFWA receiver is reduced to a sufficiently low level, and sufficiently rapidly, such that the resulting power at the
BFWA receiver shall never exceed the BFWA interference criterion. The corresponding maximum AS transmit EIRP
density and reaction time is specified in clause 4.2.7.3.2.2 and clause 4.2.7.3.2.3, respectively.
4.2 Conformance requirements
4.2.1 General
Unless otherwise specified, the following requirements apply equally to the Ground Station and the Aircraft Station.
4.2.2 Transmitter EIRP Spectral Density
4.2.2.1 Definition
The transmitter EIRP spectral density is the equivalent isotropic radiated power spectral density emitted by the aircraft
station or ground station antenna arrays.
4.2.2.2 Limits
4.2.2.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band
The transmitter EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station shall not exceed 50 dBm/MHz. This EIRP spectral density
limit represents the maximum operational level at all times for a single beam, in the direction of the aircraft.
The transmitter EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station shall not exceed 34 dBm/MHz.
4.2.2.2.2 For operation in the 5 850 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band
The transmitter EIRP spectral density (per beam) shall not exceed 32 dBm/MHz.
For the Ground Station, the above EIRP spectral density limit represents the maximum operational level at all times for
a single beam, in the direction of the aircraft.
In addition, the Ground Station emissions shall not exceed the average EIRP levels shown in figure 1.
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
Figure 1: EIRP mask as a function of elevation angle for the Ground Station
The exact values for the three elevation angle ranges are shown in table 2.
Table 2: Ground Station EIRP mask definition
Elevation Angle Average EIRP level (dBm/MHz)
o
< 2 4,3
o o
2 to 16 24,3
o
> 16 16,3
NOTE: These average EIRP levels represent the sum of the powers generated by all beams of the DA2GC Ground
Station in any given direction.
The Aircraft Station emissions shall not exceed the maximum EIRP levels shown in table 3.
Table 3: Aircraft Station EIRP mask
Elevation at ground (degrees) Aircraft EIRP (dBm/MHz) Note
0 to 5 29,5 - C
5 to 27 29,5 - C to 27,0 - C Straight line interpolation
27 to 28 27,0 - C to 19,5 - C Straight line interpolation
28 to 90 19,5 - C to 13,0 - C Straight line interpolation
Where C = 20 x log(10 000 / h) and h = height above ground of the aircraft in metres.
An example of the Aircraft Station EIRP mask which applies to an aircraft at 10 km height above ground is shown in
figure 2.
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
Figure 2: Example of AS EIRP mask for an aircraft height above ground of 10 km
4.2.2.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.2.2 shall be carried out.
4.2.3 Designation of Centre Frequency
For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz band, the nominal channel centre frequency is 1 910 MHz.
For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz band, the nominal channel centre frequency is 5 865 MHz.
4.2.4 Out-of-band EIRP Spectral Density
4.2.4.1 Definition
The Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density is the equivalent isotropic radiated power spectral density emitted by the
Ground Station or Aircraft Station antenna arrays outside the designated channel bandwidth, resulting from the
modulation process and non-linearity in the transmitter, but excluding spurious emissions.
4.2.4.2 Limits
4.2.4.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band
4.2.4.2.1.1 Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station
The maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station is specified in table 4.
Table 4: Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station
Frequency range of OOB emissions Maximum OOB EIRP level (dBm/MHz)
1 880 MHz to 1 900 MHz -12,0
1 920 MHz to 1 980 MHz -23,0
NOTE: The e.i.r.p. levels are specified for the entire hemisphere below the horizontal plane of any installation.
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
4.2.4.2.1.2 Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station
The maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station is specified in table 5.
Table 5: Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station
Frequency range of OOB emissions Maximum OOB EIRP level
1 880 MHz to 1 900 MHz -3,0 dBm/MHz
1 920 MHz to 1 980 MHz -3,0 dBm/MHz
4.2.4.2.2 For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band
The Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density shall not exceed the following limits:
From 5 815 MHz to 5 850 MHz: -38 - 10 × log10 (20 / BW) dBm/MHz (where BW = transmitter bandwidth (MHz)).
From 5 850 MHz to 5 855 MHz: -8 dBm/MHz.
From 5 875 MHz to 5 925 MHz: -8 dBm/MHz.
4.2.4.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.2.3 shall be carried out.
4.2.5 Spurious emissions
4.2.5.1 Definition
Transmitter spurious emissions are emissions that are caused by unwanted transmitter effects such as harmonics
emission, parasitic emission, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products, but exclude out-of-band
emissions.
4.2.5.2 Limits
The power of any spurious emission shall not exceed the maximum level given by:
The spurious emissions during transmit mode are defined as unwanted power in the bands from 30 MHz up to
Fc - 2,5 × BW and from Fc + 2,5 × BW up to 5 × Fc, where Fc is the carrier frequency and BW is the signal bandwidth.
The maximum level of spurious emission is: -36 dBm/(100 kHz), for 30 MHz ≤ f ≤ 1 GHz
-30 dBm/MHz, for 1 GHz < f ≤ 26 GHz
4.2.5.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.3 shall be carried out.
4.2.6 Cessation of emissions
4.2.6.1 Definition
This requirement is expressed as a minimum height above ground, below which the Aircraft Station shall cease
transmissions, together with a minimum operational elevation angle between the Ground Station and Aircraft Station.
4.2.6.2 Limits
When the height above ground of the Aircraft Station is less than 3 000 metres it shall automatically cease transmissions
and enter into the standby state.
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
In addition, the broadband DA2GC network shall control the beam switching at the Aircraft Station and at the Ground
Station so as to ensure that the operational elevation angle of the beam between the GS and the AS is never less than
5 degrees at all azimuths above the horizontal plane of the GS installation.
4.2.6.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.4 shall be carried out.
4.2.7 Receiver parameters
4.2.7.1 Receiver sensitivity
4.2.7.1.1 Definition
Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum power of the wanted signal at the receiver input to achieve the required
performance target in the absence of interference.
4.2.7.1.2 Limits
The receiver sensitivity shall be less than or equal to -87 dBm.
4.2.7.1.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.5 shall be carried out.
4.2.7.2 Receiver adjacent channel selectivity
4.2.7.2.1 Definition
The receiver adjacent channel selectivity is a measure of a receiver's ability to achieve minimum throughput
requirements in the presence of an adjacent channel signal at a specific frequency offset from the given channel. ACS
can strictly be defined as the ratio (in dB) of the receiver filter's attenuation on the assigned channel frequency to the
receiver filter attenuation on the adjacent channels.
4.2.7.2.2 Limit
The receiver adjacent channel selectivity shall be equal to or greater than 43,5 dB.
4.2.7.2.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.6 shall be carried out.
4.2.7.3 Detect and Avoid capability
4.2.7.3.1 Definition
Detect and Avoid is a technique whereby the Aircraft Station receiver automatically detects emissions from BFWA
transmitting stations on the ground in order that action can then be taken to avoid harmful interference into BFWA by
reducing the AS EIRP in the direction of the BFWA receiver.
This requirement only applies to the Aircraft Station when operating in the band 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz.
4.2.7.3.2 Limits
4.2.7.3.2.1 Detection level
The Aircraft Station receiver shall be capable of detecting interfering signals at levels greater than -106 dBm in order
that avoiding action can be taken to meet the requirement described in clause 4.1.3.
ETSI
15 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
4.2.7.3.2.2 Reduced transmit EIRP density
When the aircraft station receiver is in a state indicating that an interfering signal has been detected, the AS transmit
EIRP spectral density shall be reduced to a maximum of +6 dBm/MHz in the direction of the detected interfering
transmitter.
4.2.7.3.2.3 DAA reaction time
The aircraft station transmit EIRP density level shall be reduced to the maximum level specified in clause 4.2.7.3.2.2
within 100 milliseconds of the equipment entering the interference detect state.
4.2.7.3.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.7 shall be carried out.
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing
Tests defined in the present document shall be carried out at representative points within the boundary limits of the
declared operational environmental profile.
Where technical performance varies subject to environmental conditions, tests shall be carried out under a sufficient
variety of environmental conditions (within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile) to
give confidence of compliance for the affected technical requirements.
5.2 Interpretation of the measurement results
The interpretation of the results recorded in a test report for the measurements described in the present document shall
be as follows:
• the measured value related to the corresponding limit will be used to decide whether an equipment meets the
requirements of the present document;
• the value of the measurement uncertainty for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test
report;
• the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall be, for each measurement, equal to or less than the
figures in table 6.
For the test methods, according to the present document, the measurement uncertainty figures shall be calculated and
shall correspond to an expansion factor (coverage factor) k = 1,96 or k = 2 (which provide confidence levels of
respectively 95 % and 9
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2017
âLURNRSDVRYQHQHSRVUHGQHNRPXQLNDFLMH]UDNWOD2SUHPDNLGHOXMHY
IUHNYHQþQLKSDVRYLKRG 0+]GR 0+]LQRG0+]GR0+]
6QRSDQWHQ+DUPRQL]LUDQLVWDQGDUGNL]DMHPDELVWYHQH]DKWHYHþOHQD
GLUHNWLYH(8
Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications - Equipment operating in the 1 900
MHz to 1 920 MHz and 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency bands - Beamforming
antennas - Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
33.120.40 Antene Aerials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications;
Equipment operating in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz and
5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency bands;
Beamforming antennas;
Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU
2 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
Reference
DEN/BRAN-60013
Keywords
aeronautical, broadband, mobile, network, radio
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3 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Executive summary . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Technical requirements specifications . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.1.1 Environmental profile . 9
4.1.2 General System Characteristics . 9
4.1.3 Additional requirement for the Aircraft Station . 10
4.2 Conformance requirements . 10
4.2.1 General . 10
4.2.2 Transmitter EIRP Spectral Density . 10
4.2.2.1 Definition . 10
4.2.2.2 Limits . 10
4.2.2.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band . 10
4.2.2.2.2 For operation in the 5 850 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band . 10
4.2.2.3 Conformance . 12
4.2.3 Designation of Centre Frequency . 12
4.2.4 Out-of-band EIRP Spectral Density . 12
4.2.4.1 Definition . 12
4.2.4.2 Limits . 12
4.2.4.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band . 12
4.2.4.2.2 For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band . 13
4.2.4.3 Conformance . 13
4.2.5 Spurious emissions . 13
4.2.5.1 Definition . 13
4.2.5.2 Limits . 13
4.2.5.3 Conformance . 13
4.2.6 Cessation of emissions . 13
4.2.6.1 Definition . 13
4.2.6.2 Limits . 13
4.2.6.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.7 Receiver parameters . 14
4.2.7.1 Receiver sensitivity . 14
4.2.7.1.1 Definition. 14
4.2.7.1.2 Limits . 14
4.2.7.1.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.7.2 Receiver adjacent channel selectivity. 14
4.2.7.2.1 Definition. 14
4.2.7.2.2 Limit . 14
4.2.7.2.3 Conformance . 14
4.2.7.3 Detect and Avoid capability . 14
4.2.7.3.1 Definition. 14
4.2.7.3.2 Limits . 14
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
4.2.7.3.3 Conformance . 15
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 15
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 15
5.2 Interpretation of the measurement results . 15
5.3 Test Methods . 16
5.3.1 General considerations . 16
5.3.2 EIRP Measurements . 16
5.3.2.1 Common test conditions for radiated power measurements . 16
5.3.2.2 Transmitter EIRP spectral density . 17
5.3.2.2.1 Ground Station measurement . 17
5.3.2.2.2 Aircraft Station measurement . 18
5.3.2.3 Out-of-band EIRP spectral density . 20
5.3.2.3.1 Tests required for 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz band only . 20
5.3.3 Transmitter spurious emis sions . 23
5.3.3.1 Initial conditions . 23
5.3.3.2 Procedure . 23
5.3.3.3 Test requirement . 23
5.3.4 Cessation of emissions . 23
5.3.4.1 Minimum operational altitude . 23
5.3.4.1.1 Test conditions . 23
5.3.4.1.2 Test method . 23
5.3.4.2 Minimum operational elevation angle . 23
5.3.4.2.1 Test conditions . 23
5.3.4.2.2 Test method . 24
5.3.5 Receiver sensitivity . 24
5.3.5.1 Test conditions . 24
5.3.5.2 Test Method . 24
5.3.6 Receiver Adjacent channel selectivity . 24
5.3.6.1 Test conditions . 24
5.3.6.2 Test method . 24
5.3.6.3 Test requirement . 24
5.3.7 Aircraft Station Detect and Avoid capability . 24
5.3.7.0 Applicability. 24
5.3.7.1 Test conditions . 24
5.3.7.2 Test method . 25
5.3.7.2.1 Detection level . 25
5.3.7.2.2 Reduced transmit EIRP density . 25
5.3.7.2.3 DAA reaction time . 26
5.3.7.2.4 Test requirement . 26
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 27
Annex B (normative): Test specification . 28
B.1 Normal test environment . 28
B.2 RF Bandwidth . 28
B.3 Test Configurations . 28
B.3.1 Transmitter spurious Emissions . 28
B.3.2 Receiver ACS . 28
Annex C (normative): Geographical Data . 30
C.1 Height above Ground . 30
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 31
Annex E (informative): Change history . 32
History . 33
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Broadband Radio Access
Networks (BRAN).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.9] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.5].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
The technical requirements in the present document reflect, in part, the results of studies undertaken within the CEPT
on compatibility between broadband direct air-to-ground systems and other applications operating within, or adjacent
to, the frequency bands which are designated for BDA2GC operations. These studies are described in ECC
Report 209 [i.1] (for the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz band) and ECC Report 210 [i.2] (for the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
band).
The resulting technical and operational requirements to be applied to BDA2GC systems in the 1 900 MHz to
1 920 MHz band and the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz band are contained within ECC Decision(15)02 [i.3] and ECC
Decision(15)03 [i.4] respectively.
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 3 July 2017
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 October 2017
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 April 2018
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 April 2019
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive summary
The present document addresses the Broadband Direct Air to Ground Communications system based on the System
Reference Document ETSI TR 101 599 [i.10]. ETSI TR 101 599 [i.10] was used by the ECC, in conjunction with other
contributions, to develop technology neutral ECC Decisions on the allocation of European spectrum in the frequency
bands 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz and 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz.
The technical requirements in the present document reflect, in part, the results of studies undertaken within the CEPT
on compatibility between broadband direct air-to-ground systems and other applications operating within, or adjacent
to, the frequency bands that are designated for BDA2GC operations.
Introduction
The present document has been developed in accordance with the guidelines contained in ETSI EG 203 336 [i.6].
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for radio equipment at the
Ground Station and Aircraft Station for Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground communications systems employing
beamforming antennas.
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or any part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Radiocommunications service frequency bands
Transmit 1 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz
Receive 1 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz
Transmit 2 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
Receive 2 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz
The present document covers the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.5] under the
conditions identified in annex A.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are specific, identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number. Only the cited
version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] NIMA Technical Report TR8350.2 (1984, including amendment 1 of 03 January 2000 and
amendment 2 of 23 June 2004): "Department of Defense World Geodetic System 1984. Its
Definition and Relationships with Local Geodetic Systems".
[2] ETSI EN 302 502 (V2.1.1) (03-2017): "Wireless Access Systems (WAS); 5,8 GHz fixed
broadband data transmitting systems; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ECC Report 209: "Compatibility/sharing studies related to Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground
Communications (DA2GC) in the frequency bands 1900-1920 MHz / 2010-2025 MHz and
services/applications in the adjacent bands".
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
[i.2] ECC Report 210: "Compatibility/sharing studies related to Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground
Communications (DA2GC) in the frequency bands 5855-5875 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz and
3400 3600 MHz".
[i.3] ECC Decision (15)02: "The harmonised use of broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
(DA2GC) systems in the frequency band 1900-1920 MHz".
[i.4] ECC Decision (15)03: "The harmonised use of broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
(DA2GC) systems in the frequency band 5855-5875 MHz".
[i.5] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.6] ETSI EG 203 336: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Guide for
the selection of technical parameters for the production of Harmonised Standards covering
article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.7] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[i.8] ETSI TR 100 028-2 (V1.4.1): " Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Part 2".
[i.9] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.10] ETSI TR 101 599 (V1.1.3) (09-2012): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum matters
(ERM) System Reference Document (SRDoc); Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground Communications
System employing beamforming antennas, operating in the 2,4 GHz and 5,8 GHz bands".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in Directive 2014/53/EU [i.5] and the
following apply:
Network Control Facility (NCF): set of functional entities that, at system level, monitor and control the correct
operation of the Ground Station (GS) and Aircraft Station (AS) and, if appropriate, all of the GSs and ASs in a
BDA2GC network
transmission disabled state: state which a GS or AS is in when it is not authorized by the NCF to transmit
transmission enabled state: state which a GS or AS is in when it is authorized by the NCF to transmit
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
f Channel centre frequency
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACS Adjacent Channel Selectivity
AS Aircraft Station
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
ATPC Automatic Transmit Power Control
BDA2GC Broadband Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
BFWA Broadband Fixed Wireless Access
BW Bandwidth
CEPT Conférence Européenne des Postes et des Télécommunications
DA2GC Direct Air-to-Ground Communications
DAA Detect and Avoid
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EEC European Economic Community
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GS Ground Station
LV Low Voltage
NCF Network Control Facility
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OOB Out-Of-Band
PL Free space Path Loss
QPSK Quadrature Phased Shift Keying
RF Radio Frequency
rms root mean square
STE Special Test Equipment
TDD Time Division Duplex
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 General
4.1.1 Environmental profile
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be declared by the manufacturer. The equipment shall comply with all the technical
requirements of the present document which are identified as applicable in annex A at all times when operating within
the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile.
4.1.2 General System Characteristics
The main characteristics of a beamforming BDA2GC system to which the present document applies are as follows:
• The system allows for a broadband connection to be established between an aircraft equipped with a BDA2GC
Aircraft Station (AS) and a Ground Station (GS). The system operates in TDD mode, using OFDM type
modulation with variable modulation and coding to optimize the link performance.
• The system uses automatic transmit power control in both directions (GS to AS and AS to GS) in order to
maintain the required signal level at the receiver input.
• Both the AS and the GS employ phased array antennas which produce dynamically shaped and steerable
beams such that the Ground Station and the Aircraft Station mutually track each other.
• A given GS can comprise up to four separate integrated radio transceivers/phased array antenna assemblies,
enabling each GS to cover the entire visible air space, at all azimuths, from horizon to horizon. However, for
reasons of spectrum compatibility with other services, a minimum operational elevation angle needs to be
maintained as specified in clause 4.2.6.2.
• Each of the GS integrated antenna arrays is capable of simultaneously producing multiple co-frequency shaped
beams so that a number of aircraft can be served from a given GS.
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
• Each AS operates under the control of the network, which enables handover/beam switching from one GS to
another, as the aircraft traverses its flight path and provides a means of ensuring that requirements such as
minimum operational elevation angle are met.
• The beamforming process is controlled via software algorithms which also enable the detection and
suppression of unwanted interfering signals, by means of signal processing techniques applied at the receiver
including the placement of directional nulls in the antenna patterns. Such techniques also enable nulls to be
dynamically placed in the transmitted radiation pattern, thereby suppressing the power emitted in given
directions.
4.1.3 Additional requirement for the Aircraft Station
For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band, the Aircraft Station shall employ Detect-and-Avoid
(DAA) techniques in order to protect Broadband Fixed Wireless Access.
For DAA to be effective, the aircraft receiver shall be capable of detecting signals transmitted from BFWA transmitters
on the ground before the aircraft transmissions give rise to unacceptable levels of interference at the BFWA receiver.
The required detection level is specified in clause 4.2.7.3.2.1.
A number of mechanisms can be employed to achieve the required avoidance of harmful interference when an
interfering signal above the required level has been detected. These include antenna nulling, adaptive OFDM spectral
power density and ground station diversity (switching the aircraft station transmit beam to point towards a different
ground station).
Whichever avoidance mechanism is employed, the essential requirement is that the aircraft station EIRP in the direction
of the BFWA receiver is reduced to a sufficiently low level, and sufficiently rapidly, such that the resulting power at the
BFWA receiver shall never exceed the BFWA interference criterion. The corresponding maximum AS transmit EIRP
density and reaction time is specified in clause 4.2.7.3.2.2 and clause 4.2.7.3.2.3, respectively.
4.2 Conformance requirements
4.2.1 General
Unless otherwise specified, the following requirements apply equally to the Ground Station and the Aircraft Station.
4.2.2 Transmitter EIRP Spectral Density
4.2.2.1 Definition
The transmitter EIRP spectral density is the equivalent isotropic radiated power spectral density emitted by the aircraft
station or ground station antenna arrays.
4.2.2.2 Limits
4.2.2.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band
The transmitter EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station shall not exceed 50 dBm/MHz. This EIRP spectral density
limit represents the maximum operational level at all times for a single beam, in the direction of the aircraft.
The transmitter EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station shall not exceed 34 dBm/MHz.
4.2.2.2.2 For operation in the 5 850 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band
The transmitter EIRP spectral density (per beam) shall not exceed 32 dBm/MHz.
For the Ground Station, the above EIRP spectral density limit represents the maximum operational level at all times for
a single beam, in the direction of the aircraft.
In addition, the Ground Station emissions shall not exceed the average EIRP levels shown in figure 1.
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11 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
Figure 1: EIRP mask as a function of elevation angle for the Ground Station
The exact values for the three elevation angle ranges are shown in table 2.
Table 2: Ground Station EIRP mask definition
Elevation Angle Average EIRP level (dBm/MHz)
o
< 2 4,3
o o
2 to 16 24,3
o
> 16 16,3
NOTE: These average EIRP levels represent the sum of the powers generated by all beams of the DA2GC Ground
Station in any given direction.
The Aircraft Station emissions shall not exceed the maximum EIRP levels shown in table 3.
Table 3: Aircraft Station EIRP mask
Elevation at ground (degrees) Aircraft EIRP (dBm/MHz) Note
0 to 5 29,5 - C
5 to 27 29,5 - C to 27,0 - C Straight line interpolation
27 to 28 27,0 - C to 19,5 - C Straight line interpolation
28 to 90 19,5 - C to 13,0 - C Straight line interpolation
Where C = 20 x log(10 000 / h) and h = height above ground of the aircraft in metres.
An example of the Aircraft Station EIRP mask which applies to an aircraft at 10 km height above ground is shown in
figure 2.
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12 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
Figure 2: Example of AS EIRP mask for an aircraft height above ground of 10 km
4.2.2.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.2.2 shall be carried out.
4.2.3 Designation of Centre Frequency
For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz band, the nominal channel centre frequency is 1 910 MHz.
For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz band, the nominal channel centre frequency is 5 865 MHz.
4.2.4 Out-of-band EIRP Spectral Density
4.2.4.1 Definition
The Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density is the equivalent isotropic radiated power spectral density emitted by the
Ground Station or Aircraft Station antenna arrays outside the designated channel bandwidth, resulting from the
modulation process and non-linearity in the transmitter, but excluding spurious emissions.
4.2.4.2 Limits
4.2.4.2.1 For operation in the 1 900 MHz to 1 920 MHz frequency band
4.2.4.2.1.1 Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station
The maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station is specified in table 4.
Table 4: Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Ground Station
Frequency range of OOB emissions Maximum OOB EIRP level (dBm/MHz)
1 880 MHz to 1 900 MHz -12,0
1 920 MHz to 1 980 MHz -23,0
NOTE: The e.i.r.p. levels are specified for the entire hemisphere below the horizontal plane of any installation.
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13 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
4.2.4.2.1.2 Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station
The maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station is specified in table 5.
Table 5: Maximum Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density for the Aircraft Station
Frequency range of OOB emissions Maximum OOB EIRP level
1 880 MHz to 1 900 MHz -3,0 dBm/MHz
1 920 MHz to 1 980 MHz -3,0 dBm/MHz
4.2.4.2.2 For operation in the 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz frequency band
The Out-Of-Band EIRP spectral density shall not exceed the following limits:
From 5 815 MHz to 5 850 MHz: -38 - 10 × log10 (20 / BW) dBm/MHz (where BW = transmitter bandwidth (MHz)).
From 5 850 MHz to 5 855 MHz: -8 dBm/MHz.
From 5 875 MHz to 5 925 MHz: -8 dBm/MHz.
4.2.4.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.2.3 shall be carried out.
4.2.5 Spurious emissions
4.2.5.1 Definition
Transmitter spurious emissions are emissions that are caused by unwanted transmitter effects such as harmonics
emission, parasitic emission, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products, but exclude out-of-band
emissions.
4.2.5.2 Limits
The power of any spurious emission shall not exceed the maximum level given by:
The spurious emissions during transmit mode are defined as unwanted power in the bands from 30 MHz up to
Fc - 2,5 × BW and from Fc + 2,5 × BW up to 5 × Fc, where Fc is the carrier frequency and BW is the signal bandwidth.
The maximum level of spurious emission is: -36 dBm/(100 kHz), for 30 MHz ≤ f ≤ 1 GHz
-30 dBm/MHz, for 1 GHz < f ≤ 26 GHz
4.2.5.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.3 shall be carried out.
4.2.6 Cessation of emissions
4.2.6.1 Definition
This requirement is expressed as a minimum height above ground, below which the Aircraft Station shall cease
transmissions, together with a minimum operational elevation angle between the Ground Station and Aircraft Station.
4.2.6.2 Limits
When the height above ground of the Aircraft Station is less than 3 000 metres it shall automatically cease transmissions
and enter into the standby state.
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14 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
In addition, the broadband DA2GC network shall control the beam switching at the Aircraft Station and at the Ground
Station so as to ensure that the operational elevation angle of the beam between the GS and the AS is never less than
5 degrees at all azimuths above the horizontal plane of the GS installation.
4.2.6.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.4 shall be carried out.
4.2.7 Receiver parameters
4.2.7.1 Receiver sensitivity
4.2.7.1.1 Definition
Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum power of the wanted signal at the receiver input to achieve the required
performance target in the absence of interference.
4.2.7.1.2 Limits
The receiver sensitivity shall be less than or equal to -87 dBm.
4.2.7.1.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.5 shall be carried out.
4.2.7.2 Receiver adjacent channel selectivity
4.2.7.2.1 Definition
The receiver adjacent channel selectivity is a measure of a receiver's ability to achieve minimum throughput
requirements in the presence of an adjacent channel signal at a specific frequency offset from the given channel. ACS
can strictly be defined as the ratio (in dB) of the receiver filter's attenuation on the assigned channel frequency to the
receiver filter attenuation on the adjacent channels.
4.2.7.2.2 Limit
The receiver adjacent channel selectivity shall be equal to or greater than 43,5 dB.
4.2.7.2.3 Conformance
Conformance tests as defined in clause 5.3.6 shall be carried out.
4.2.7.3 Detect and Avoid capability
4.2.7.3.1 Definition
Detect and Avoid is a technique whereby the Aircraft Station receiver automatically detects emissions from BFWA
transmitting stations on the ground in order that action can then be taken to avoid harmful interference into BFWA by
reducing the AS EIRP in the direction of the BFWA receiver.
This requirement only applies to the Aircraft Station when operating in the band 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz.
4.2.7.3.2 Limits
4.2.7.3.2.1 Detection level
The Aircraft Station receiver shall be capable of detecting interfering signals at levels greater than -106 dBm in order
that avoiding action can be taken to meet the requirement described in clause 4.1.3.
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15 ETSI EN 303 316 V1.1.1 (2017-10)
4.2.7.3.2.2 Reduced transmit EIRP density
When the aircraft station receiver is in a state indicating that an interfering signal has been detected, the AS transmit
EIRP spectral density shall be reduced to a maximum of +6 dBm/MHz in the direction of the detected interfering
transmitter.
4.2.7.3.2.3 DAA reaction time
The aircraft station transmit EIRP density level shall be reduced to the maximum level specified in clause 4.2.7.3.2.2
within 100 milliseconds of the equipment entering the interferenc
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