SIST EN 60404-5:2015

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60404-5:2015
01-september-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60404-5:2008
Magnetni materiali - 5. del: Materiali za permanentne (trdomagnetne) magnete -
Metode za meritve magnetnih lastnosti
Magnetic materials - Part 5: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials - Methods
of measurement of magnetic properties
Magnetische Werkstoffe - Teil 5: Dauermagnet- (hartmagnetische) Werkstoffe -
Verfahren zur Messung magnetischer Eigenschaften
Matériaux magnétiques - Partie 5: Aimants permanents (magnétiques durs) - Méthodes
de mesure des propriétés magnétiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60404-5:2015
ICS:
17.220.20 0HUMHQMHHOHNWULþQLKLQ Measurement of electrical
PDJQHWQLKYHOLþLQ and magnetic quantities
29.030 Magnetni materiali Magnetic materials
SIST EN 60404-5:2015 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015


EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60404-5

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2015
ICS 17.220.20; 29.030 Supersedes EN 60404-5:2007
English Version
Magnetic materials - Part 5: Permanent magnet (magnetically
hard) materials - Methods of measurement of magnetic
properties
(IEC 60404-5:2015)
Matériaux magnétiques - Partie 5: Aimants permanents Magnetische Werkstoffe - Teil 5: Dauermagnet-
(magnétiques durs) - Méthodes de mesure des propriétés (hartmagnetische) Werkstoffe - Verfahren zur Messung
magnétiques magnetischer Eigenschaften
(IEC 60404-5:2015) (IEC 60404-5:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2015-05-21. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.


European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
 Ref. No. EN 60404-5:2015 E

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015
EN 60404-5:2015 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 68/497/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60404-5, prepared by IEC/TC 68 "Magnetic
alloys and steels" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
EN 60404-5:2015.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2016-02-21
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at
national level by publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2018-05-21
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with
the document have to be withdrawn

This document supersedes EN 60404-5:2007.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60404-5:2015 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated :
IEC 60404-8-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60404-8-1.

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015
- 3 - EN 60404-5:2015
Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is
available here: www.cenelec.eu.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050 series International electrotechnical vocabulary - -

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015



IEC 60404-5

®


Edition 3.0 2015-04




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME



INTERNATIONALE











Magnetic materials –

Part 5: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials – Methods of

measurement of magnetic properties




Matériaux magnétiques –

Partie 5: Aimants permanents (magnétiques durs) – Méthodes de mesure des


propriétés magnétiques













INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE


INTERNATIONALE




ICS 17.220.20; 29.030 ISBN 978-2-8322-2593-6



Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015
– 2 – IEC 60404-5:2015  IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Electromagnet and conditions for magnetization . 6
4.1 General . 6
4.2 Geometrical conditions . 8
4.3 Electromagnetic conditions . 8
5 Test specimen . 9
6 Determination of the magnetic flux density . 10
7 Determination of the magnetic polarization . 10
8 Measurement of the magnetic field strength. 11
9 Determination of the demagnetization curve . 12
9.1 General . 12
9.2 Principle of determination of the demagnetization curve, test specimen
magnetized in the electromagnet . 12
9.3 Principle of determination of the demagnetization curve, test specimen
magnetized in a superconducting coil or pulse magnetizer . 13
10 Determination of the principal characteristics . 14
10.1 Remanent flux density . 14
10.2 (BH) product . 14
max
10.3 Coercivities H and H . 14
cB cJ
10.4 Determination of the recoil line and the recoil permeability . 14
11 Reproducibility . 15
12 Test report . 15
Annex A (normative) Influence of the air-gap between the test specimen and the pole
pieces . 17
Annex B (informative) Influence of the ambient temperature on measurement results . 18
Bibliography . 19

Figure 1 – Demagnetization curve showing (BH) point . 7
max
Figure 2 – Schematic diagram of electromagnet. 8
Figure 3 – Measuring circuit (schematic) . 13
Figure 4 – Demagnetization curve and recoil loop . 15
Figure A.1 – Air-gap . 17

Table 1 – Reproducibility of the measurement of the magnetic characteristics of
permanent magnet materials . 15
Table A.1 – d/l ratios . 17
Table B.1 – Temperature coefficients of B and H of permanent magnet materials . 18
r cJ

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015
IEC 60404-5:2015  IEC 2015 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

MAGNETIC MATERIALS –

Part 5: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials –
Methods of measurement of magnetic properties

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60404-5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 68:
Magnetic alloys and steels.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1993 and
Amendment 1:2007. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
• adaption of the measurement methods and test conditions to newly introduced
magnetically hard materials with coercivity values H higher than 2 MA/m;
cJ
• update of the temperature conditions to allow the measurement of new materials with high
temperature coefficients.

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015
– 4 – IEC 60404-5:2015  IEC 2015
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
68/497/FDIS 68/505/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60404 series, published under the general title Magnetic materials,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015
IEC 60404-5:2015  IEC 2015 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
The previous edition of IEC 60404-5 was issued in October 1993 and amended in 2007. Since
then, new applications of NdFeB sintered magnetic materials with intrinsic coercivity, H ,
cJ
higher than 2 MA/m for hybrid electric vehicles and fully electric vehicles have appeared.
Thus, IEC TC68 decided in 2011 at their meeting in Ghent to revise IEC 60404-5.
For the measurement of the coercivity relating to polarization, H , at values higher than
cJ
2 MA/m and the measurement of magnetic properties at elevated temperatures, the methods
described in the non-normative Technical Reports IEC TR 61807 and IEC TR 62331 can be
considered.
The ambient temperature previously recommended was (23 ± 5) °C. However, for permanent
magnet materials such as NdFeB and hard ferrites that have large temperature coefficients, it
is strongly recommended that the ambient temperature should be controlled within this range
to ± 1 °C or better. It is desirable to apply this temperature recommendation for
other hard magnet materials. This recommendation was already included in
IEC 60404-5:1993/AMD1:2007.

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015
– 6 – IEC 60404-5:2015  IEC 2015
MAGNETIC MATERIALS –

Part 5: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials –
Methods of measurement of magnetic properties



1 Scope
The purpose of this part of IEC 60404 is to define the method of measurement of the
magnetic flux density, magnetic polarization and the magnetic field strength and also to
determine the demagnetization curve and recoil line of permanent magnet materials, such as
1
those specified in lEC 60404-8-1 [1] , the properties of which are presumed homogeneous
throughout their volume.
The performance of a magnetic system is not only dependent on the properties of the
permanent magnet material but also on the dimensions of the system, the air-gap and other
elements of the magnetic circuit. The methods described in this part of IEC 60404 refer to the
measurement of the magnetic properties in a closed magnetic circuit.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at
http://www.electropedia.org)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-121,
IEC 60050-151 and IEC 60050-221 apply.
4 Electromagnet and conditions for magnetization
4.1 General
For permanent magnet materials, this part of IEC 60404 deals with both the coercivity H
cB
(the coercivity relating to the magnetic flux density) and the intrinsic coercivity H (the
cJ
coercivity relating to the magnetic polarization).
The measurements specified in this part of IEC 60404 are for both the magnetic flux density,
B, and the magnetic polarization, J, as a function of the magnetic field strength, H. These
quantities are related by the following equation:
B = µ H + J (1)
0
______________
1
 Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015
IEC 60404-5:2015  IEC 2015 – 7 –
where
B is the magnetic flux density, in teslas;
–7
µ is the magnetic constant = 4π × 10 , in henry per metre;
0
H is the magnetic field strength, in amperes per metre;
J is the magnetic polarization, in teslas.
Using this relationship H values can be obtained from the B(H) hysteresis loop and H
cB cJ
values from the J(H) hysteresis loop. The point represented by H and B at which the
a a
modulus of the product BH has a maximum value is called the point of maximum energy
product for (BH) (see Figure 1).
max
The term “squareness” of the demagnetization curve described in this part of IEC 60404
specifies roughly the characteristic shape of the demagnetization curve between the remanent
flux density and the coercivity relating to the magnetic polarization in the J–H curve.
B
B
r
BH = constant
B
a
(BH)
max
H
H H
cB a
IEC

point
Figure 1 – Demagnetization curve showing (BH)
max
The measurements are carried out in a closed magnetic circuit consisting of an electromagnet
made of soft magnetic material and the test specimen. The construction of the yokes shall be
symmetrical; at least one of the poles shall be movable to minimize the air-gap between the
test specimen and the pole pieces (see Figure 2). The end faces of both pole pieces shall be
ground as nearly as possible parallel to each other and as nearly as possible perpendicular to
the pole axis to minimize the air-gap (see Figure A.1).
NOTE For certain measurements, the yoke and the poles can be laminated to decrease eddy currents. The
coercivity of the material is normally not more than 100 A/m.
To obtain a sufficiently uniform magnetizing field in the space occupied by the test specimen,
the conditions described in 4.2 and 4.3 below shall be fulfilled simultaneously.

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015
– 8 – IEC 60404-5:2015  IEC 2015
Device for moving the pole
Yoke
Magnetizing winding
Magnetic field
d
Search coil (B) 1
strength sensor
Pole face
Test specimen
d
2
Pole piece
Pole of
electromagnet

IEC
Figure 2 – Schematic diagram of electromagnet
4.2 Geometrical conditions
Referring to Figure 2;
d ≥ d + 1,2 l’ (2)
1 2
d ≥ 2,0 l’ (3)
1
where
d is the diameter of a circular pole or the dimension of the smallest side of a rectangular
1
pole piece, in millimetres;
l’ is the distance between the pole pieces, in millimetres;
d is the maximum diameter of the cylindrical volume with a homogeneous field, in
2
millimetres.
With reference to the magnetic field strength at the centre of the air-gap, condition (2)
/2 is 1 % and condition (3)
ensures that the maximum field decrease at a radial distance of d
2
ensures that the maximum field increase along the axis of the electromagnet at the pole faces
is 1 %.
4.3 Electromagnetic conditions
During the measurement of the demagnetization curve, the flux density in the pole pieces
shall be kept substantially lower than the saturation magnetic polarization so that the pole
faces shall be brought as near as possible to an equipotential. In practice, the magnetic flux
density shall be less than 1 T in iron and less than 1,2 T in iron alloy containing 35 % to 50 %
cobalt.
l'

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015
IEC 60404-5:2015  IEC 2015 – 9 –
The yoke is excited by magnetizing coils which are arranged symmetrically as near as
possible to the test specimen (see Figure 2). The axis of the test specimen shall be coincident
with the axis of the pole pieces.
Before measurement, the test specimen shall be magnetized in a magnetic field H
max
intended to bring the test specimen to saturation. The determination of the demagnetization
curve shall then be made in a magnetic field with the direction opposite to that used for the
initial magnetization.
If it is not possible to magnetize the test specimen to near saturation within the yoke (for
instance if the requirements of formulae (4) and (5) cannot be met), the test specimen shall
be magnetized outside the electromagnet in a superconducting coil or pulse magnetizer.
Recommended values for H for various permanent magnet materials can be found in
max
IEC TR 62517 [2].
Where the product standard or the manufacturer does not specify the value of the
magnetizing field strength, H , it is recommended that before the measurement of the
max
demagnetization curve, the test specimen is magnetized to saturation. The test specimen will
be considered to be saturated if the following relationships hold for two values of magnetizing
field strength H and H :
1 2

0,02454
P ≤ P ⋅ (H /H ) (4)
2 1 2 1
and H ≥ 1,2 H (5)
2 1
where
P is the maximum attainable value of (BH) in joules per cubic metre, or of coercivity H ,
2 max cB
in amperes per metre;
P is the lower value of (BH) , in joules per cubic metre or of coercivity H , in amperes per
1 max cB
metre;
H is the magnetizing field strength corresponding to P , in amperes per metre;
2 2
H is the magnetizing field strength corresponding to P , in amperes per metre.
1 1
In the special case of H / H =1,5, relationship (4) becomes P ≤ 1,01 P .
2 1 2 1
In all cases, the magnetization process shall not cause the test specimen to be heated
excessively.
5 Test specimen
The test specimen shall have a simple shape (for example a right cylinder or parallelepiped).
The length l of the test specimen shall be not less than 5 mm and its other dimensions shall
be a minimum of 5 mm and shall be such that the test specimen and the sensing devices shall
be within the diameter d as defined in 4.2.
2
NOTE As a consequence of the high (BH) values exhibited by rare earth permanent magnet materials, the
max
length l in the direction of magnetization can be less than 5 mm. When measuring test specimens with such a
length, the homogeneity of the magnetic field between the pole pieces of the electromagnet deteriorates. The effect
of this on the measurements was reported by Chen et al. [3]. It can be considered when evaluating the results and,
if necessary, a contribution included in the measurement uncertainty. At these thicknesses, the influence of air-gap
is also increased. Therefore the air-gap is carefully minimized. Since the magnetic properties of machined surfaces
of sintered REFeB have poorer properties, the magnetic properties of specimens that have a thickness of less than
5 mm and/or higher S/V ratio are carefully evaluated (where S is the surface area of the test specimen and V is the
volume). In this case, a poor squareness of the demagnetization curves is usually observed.
The end faces of the test specimen shall be made as nearly as possible parallel to each other
and perpendicular to the test specimen axis to reduce the air-gap (see Annex A).

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015
– 10 – IEC 60404-5:2015  IEC 2015
The cross-sectional area of the test specimen shall be as uniform as possible along its length;
any variation shall be less than 1 % of its minimum cross-sectional area. The mean cross-
sectional area shall be determined to within 1 %.
The test specimen shall be marked with the direction of magnetization.
6 Determination of the magnetic flux density
The changes in magnetic flux density in the test specimen are determined by integrating the
voltages induced in a search coil.
The search coil shall be wound as closely as possible to the test specimen and symmetrical
with respect to the pole faces. The leads shall be tightly twisted to avoid errors caused by
voltages induced in loops in the leads.
The total error of measuring the magnetic flux density shall be not greater than ± 2 %.
The variation of the apparent magnetic flux density ∆B uncorrected for air flux, between the
ap
two instants t and t is given by:
1 2
t
1 2
∆B = B − B = Udt (6)
ap 2 1
∫
t
AN
1
where
B is the magnetic flux density at the instant t , in teslas;
2 2
B is the magnetic flux density at the instant t , in teslas;
1 1
A is the cross-sectional area of the test specimen, in square metres;
N  is the number of turns on the search coil;
t
2
 is the integrated induced voltage, expressed in webers, for the time interval of
Udt
∫
t
1
integration (t – t ), in seconds.
2 1
This change in the apparent magnetic flux density ∆B shall be corrected to take into account
ap
the air flux included in the search coil. Thus, the change in magnetic flux density ∆B in the
test specimen is given by:
(A − A)
t
∆B = ∆B − µ ∆H (7)
ap 0
A
where
–7
µ is the magnetic constant = 4π × 10 , in henry per metre;
0
∆H is the change in the measured magnetic field strength, in amperes per metre;
A is the average cross-sectional area of the search coil, in square metres.
t
7 Determination of the magnetic polarization
The changes in magnetic polarization in the test specimen are determined by integrating the
induced voltages at the terminals of a two-search-coil device composed of COIL 1 and COIL 2
where the test specimen is contained in COIL 2, while COIL 1 is empty. If each of the
individual coils has the same product of cross-sectional area and the number of turns, and if
both are connected electrically in opposition, the output of COIL 1 compensates for the output

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SIST EN 60404-5:2015
IEC 60404-5:2015  IEC 2015 – 11 –
of COIL 2 except the magnetic polarization J of the test specimen. The change of magnetic
polarization ∆J in the test specimen is given by:
t
1 2
∆J = J − J = Udt (8)
2 1
∫
t
AN
1
where
J is the magnetic polarization at the instant t , in teslas;
2 2
J is the magnetic polarization at the instant t , in teslas;
1 1
A is the cross-sectional area of the test specimen, in square metres;
N is the number of turns on the search coil;
t
2
Udt is the integrated induced voltage, expressed in webers, for the time interval of
∫
t
1
integration (t – t ), expressed in seconds.
2 1
Thus, the output of COIL 1 compensates for the output of COIL 2 except for J within t
...