Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation

This European Standard presents guidance to the manufacturer of machinery or its component parts and the writer of C-standards in controlling health risks due to machine-related muscular force exertion.
This standard specifies recommended force limits for actions during machinery operation including construction, transport and commissioning (assembly, installation, adjustment), use (operation, cleaning, fault finding, maintenance, setting, teaching or process changeover) decommissioning, disposal and dismantling. The standard applies primarily to machines which are manufactured after the date of issue of the standard.
This standard applies on one hand to machinery for professional use operated by the adult working population, who are healthy workers with ordinary physical capacity, and on the other hand to machinery for domestic use operated by the whole population including youth and old people.
The recommendations are derived from research on European population.
This document is not applicable to specify the machinery which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

Sicherheit von Maschinen - Menschliche körperliche Leistung - Teil 3: Empfohlene Kraftgrenzen bei Maschinenbetätigung

Sécurité des machines - Performance physique humaine - Partie 3: Limites des forces recommandées pour l'utilisation de machines

La présente Norme européenne présente au concepteur des machines ou de leurs éléments et au rédacteur des
normes C un guide relatif à la prévention des risques pour la santé dus aux efforts musculaires liés aux machines.
La présente norme spécifie les limites de forces recommandées pour les actions intervenant au cours de l'utilisation
des machines, y compris la construction, le transport et la mise en service (montage, installation, réglage), l'utilisation
(exploitation, nettoyage, recherche des pannes, maintenance, réglage, apprentissage et passage d'un processus
à l'autre), et la mise hors service, la mise au rebut, et le démontage de machines. La norme s'applique principalement
aux machines construites après sa date de publication.
La présente norme s'applique d'une part, aux machines à usage professionnel utilisées par la population active
adulte, constituée de travailleurs en bonne santé aux capacités physiques courantes, et d'autre part, aux machines
à usage domestique utilisées par l'ensemble de la population, y compris les jeunes et les personnes âgées.
Les recommandations proviennent des recherches effectuées sur la population européenne.
Ce document n’est pas applicable pour spécifier les machines fabriquées avant la date de publication de ce document
par le CEN.

Varnost strojev - Človeške fizične zmogljivosti - 3. del: Priporočene mejne vrednosti potrebne sile za upravljanje strojev

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
02-Nov-2008
Technical Committee
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
28-Oct-2008
Due Date
02-Jan-2009
Completion Date
03-Nov-2008

Relations

Overview

EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 - Safety of machinery: Human physical performance - Part 3 - provides manufacturers and standards writers with guidance and recommended force limits for machinery operation. The standard covers machine-related muscular force exertion across the machine life cycle (construction, transport, commissioning, use, cleaning, fault‑finding, maintenance, setting/teaching/process changeover, decommissioning, disposal and dismantling). It is intended primarily for machines manufactured after the date of issue and is derived from research on the European population.

Key topics and requirements

  • Risk-based approach to action forces: A three-step risk assessment procedure:
    • Step A - determine maximal isometric force capacity (FB) for intended users (three alternative methods, including pre-calculated values where available).
    • Step B - apply multipliers to account for operational conditions (velocity, frequency, duration) to estimate sustainable force.
    • Step C - evaluate tolerability and assign risk levels using additional risk multipliers.
  • Recommended force limits: Limits are set relative to population percentiles:
    • For professional machinery aimed at adult workers with ordinary physical capacity: use around the 15th percentile of the adult population.
    • For domestic machinery used by the whole population (including youth and elderly): use around the 1st percentile.
  • Ergonomic design expectations: Machines should enable optimal posture, appropriate direction of force application, variation in movements and allow operators to control sequence and pace of tasks.
  • Scope constraints: Focuses on musculo‑skeletal health risks (fatigue, discomfort, disorders), not accident risk. Not applicable to machines manufactured before the standard’s publication.
  • Informative annexes: Annex A and B contain calculation procedures for alternative methods; Annexes ZA/ZB relate the standard to EU Machinery Directives.

Practical applications

  • Use EN 1005-3 to:
    • Specify actuator forces, handles, levers, and manual interfaces to reduce musculo‑skeletal load.
    • Perform ergonomic risk assessments during design and documentation of machinery.
    • Define user instructions and maintenance procedures that limit required exertion.
    • Support conformity assessments and harmonisation with the EU Machinery Directive (e.g., 2006/42/EC).
  • Typical contexts: industrial machinery design, consumer/domestic product design, maintenance planning, ergonomics consultancy and C-standard development.

Who should use this standard

  • Machinery manufacturers and component designers
  • Ergonomists and occupational health professionals
  • Standards writers and conformity assessors
  • Safety engineers responsible for human-machine interaction, manual controls and maintenance procedures

Related standards

  • EN 1005-1:2001 (terms and definitions)
  • EN 614-1 (ergonomic design principles)
  • EN 1070 (safety of machinery - terminology)
  • EN 894-3 (controls/actuators) - complementary for control actuator design

Keywords: EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008, safety of machinery, force limits, ergonomics, risk assessment, musculo‑skeletal, machinery operation, manufacturer guidance.

Standard
SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008
English language
28 pages
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Frequently Asked Questions

SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation". This standard covers: This European Standard presents guidance to the manufacturer of machinery or its component parts and the writer of C-standards in controlling health risks due to machine-related muscular force exertion. This standard specifies recommended force limits for actions during machinery operation including construction, transport and commissioning (assembly, installation, adjustment), use (operation, cleaning, fault finding, maintenance, setting, teaching or process changeover) decommissioning, disposal and dismantling. The standard applies primarily to machines which are manufactured after the date of issue of the standard. This standard applies on one hand to machinery for professional use operated by the adult working population, who are healthy workers with ordinary physical capacity, and on the other hand to machinery for domestic use operated by the whole population including youth and old people. The recommendations are derived from research on European population. This document is not applicable to specify the machinery which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

This European Standard presents guidance to the manufacturer of machinery or its component parts and the writer of C-standards in controlling health risks due to machine-related muscular force exertion. This standard specifies recommended force limits for actions during machinery operation including construction, transport and commissioning (assembly, installation, adjustment), use (operation, cleaning, fault finding, maintenance, setting, teaching or process changeover) decommissioning, disposal and dismantling. The standard applies primarily to machines which are manufactured after the date of issue of the standard. This standard applies on one hand to machinery for professional use operated by the adult working population, who are healthy workers with ordinary physical capacity, and on the other hand to machinery for domestic use operated by the whole population including youth and old people. The recommendations are derived from research on European population. This document is not applicable to specify the machinery which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.

SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.110 - Safety of machinery; 13.180 - Ergonomics. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 1005-3:2002. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2006/42/EC, 98/37/EC, EUR-PUB; Standardization Mandates: M/079, M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.

You can purchase SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.

Standards Content (Sample)


2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Sicherheit von Maschinen - Menschliche körperliche Leistung - Teil 3: Empfohlene Kraftgrenzen bei MaschinenbetätigungSécurité des machines - Performance physique humaine - Partie 3: Limites des forces recommandées pour l'utilisation de machinesSafety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation13.180ErgonomijaErgonomics13.110Varnost strojevSafety of machineryICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008en,fr,de01-december-2008SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1005-3:2002+A1
October 2008 ICS 13.110; 13.180 Supersedes EN 1005-3:2002 English Version
Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation
Sécurité des machines - Performance physique humaine - Partie 3: Limites des forces recommandées pour l'utilisation de machines
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Menschliche körperliche Leistung - Teil 3: Empfohlene Kraftgrenzen bei Maschinenbetätigung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 November 2001 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 18 August 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels © 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008: ESIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008

Calculation procedure for Alternative 2.14 A.1 General.14 A.2 Input parameters.14 A.3 Procedure.15 A.3.1 Force distribution.15 A.3.2 Logarithmic transformation.16 A.3.3 Calculation of force percentiles.16 A.4 Results.17 Annex B (informative)
Calculation procedure for Alternative 3.18 B.1 General.18 B.2 Input parameters.18 B.2.1 Force.18 B.2.2 User demography.19 B.3 Procedure.20 B.3.1 Synthetical distribution parameters of subgroups.20 B.3.2 Logarithmic distributions.21 B.3.3 Generation of new distribution functions of male and female subgroups.22 B.3.4 Weighting and combining of all subgroup distributions.23 B.3.5 Calculation of percentiles.24 B.4 Result.24 Annex ZA (informative)
!!!!Relationship between this
European
Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC"""".25 Annex ZB (informative)
!!!!Relationship between this
European
Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"""".26 Bibliography.27
1) This European Standard is under preparation by CEN/TC 122/WG 4 "Biomechanics". SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008

Figure 1 — Illustration of the step procedure leading to risk evaluation of action forces during machinery use for specified intended user populations SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008

Alternative 2 Calculating FB by an easy procedure as described in annex A. Alternative 2 is a rough approximation assuming equal representation of males and females and may be applied:  if the intended user population is similar to the general European population, or  if a specific demographic profile of the intended user population is not available. Alternative 2 refers to strength data of the general female population.
Activity
Professional use FB in N Domestic use FB in N
Hand work (one hand): Power grip
Arm work (sitting posture, one arm): - upwards - downwards - outwards - inwards - pushing - with trunk support - without trunk support - pulling - with trunk support - without trunk support
50 75 55 75
275 62
225 55
31 44 31 49
186 30
169 28
Whole body work (standing posture): - pushing - pulling
200 145
119 96
Pedal work (sitting posture, with trunk support): - ankle action - leg action
250 475
154 308 SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

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SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008は、機械の安全性に関する非常に重要な標準であり、特に人間の身体的パフォーマンスに焦点を当てています。この標準は、機械の製造者やCスタンダードの作成者に対して、機械に関連する筋力発揮に起因する健康リスクを管理するためのガイダンスを提供します。 この標準の範囲は非常に広範で、機械操作中の推奨される力の限界を具体的に定めています。これには、機械の設置、輸送、調整、運用、清掃、故障診断、保守、調整、教育またはプロセスの切り替え、さらには機械の廃止、処分、解体といった行動が含まれます。特に、この標準は、発行日以降に製造された機械に適用され、プロフェッショナル向けの機械および一般消費者向けの機械に対しても適用可能です。これは、成人だけでなく、若者や高齢者が使用する機械にとっても関連性が高いと言えます。 SIST EN 1005-3は、推奨される力の限界を欧州の人口に基づく研究から導き出しているため、その信頼性は高いです。標準が指定する内容は、実際の使用状況に即したものであり、日常の作業環境においても適用されやすくなっています。このように、人体への負担を軽減し、安全な操作環境を提供するために、非常に実用的で適切な基準です。 全体として、この標準は機械安全性を向上させるための重要なガイドラインを提供しており、製造業や日常生活における機械運用の安全性を確保する上で不可欠な役割を果たしています。

The SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 standard plays a critical role in the safety of machinery by addressing human physical performance and providing recommended force limits for machinery operation. Its scope is comprehensive, targeting manufacturers of machinery and components, as well as writers of C-standards, to mitigate health risks connected to muscular force exertion during the operation of machinery. One of the standard's significant strengths is its detailed guidance on force limits related to various phases of machinery management, including construction, transport, commissioning, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning. This thorough approach ensures that all potential interactions with machinery are considered, thereby promoting a safer work environment for operators. The standard's application to both professional and domestic machinery underscores its relevance, covering a wide range of users, from healthy adults to youth and the elderly, thus catering to the diverse demographic that interfaces with machinery. Furthermore, the recommendations are based on extensive research concerning the European population, lending credibility and applicability to the proposed force limits. This data-driven approach enhances the standard's effectiveness in ensuring that machinery operations remain within safe physical exertion thresholds. However, it is essential to note that the standard does not apply to machinery manufactured prior to the publication date, which may limit its immediate applicability to older machines. Overall, the SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 standard stands out as a vital document for enhancing safety in machinery operation, promoting ergonomic practices, and safeguarding users from health risks associated with excessive muscular force exertion.

SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 표준은 기계 안전의 중요한 부분을 다루며, 인간의 물리적 수행 능력과 관련된 권장 힘 한계를 제시합니다. 이 표준은 기계 또는 그 구성 요소의 제조업체와 C-표준 작성자가 기계 관련 근육 힘의 과다 사용으로 인한 건강 위험을 관리하는 데 필요한 지침을 제공합니다. 표준의 범위는 기계 작동 중의 권장 힘 한계를 명확히 제시하고 있으며, 이를 통해 건설, 운송 및 조립, 운영, 청소, 결함 탐지, 유지보수, 설정, 교육 또는 공정 변경, 철거, 폐기 및 해체와 같은 모든 기계 작동 단계에서의 안전성을 확보하고자 합니다. 또한, 이 표준은 발행일 이후 제조된 기계에 주로 적용되며, 성인 근로자와 모든 연령층이 사용하는 가정용 기계에도 적용됩니다. 이 표준의 강점은 유럽 인구에 대한 연구에 기반하여 권장 힘 한계를 제시함으로써, 실제적으로 수많은 작업 환경에서 적용 가능하다는 점입니다. 또한, 건강한 노동자뿐만 아니라 청소년 및 노인을 포함한 모든 사용자에게 안전한 작업 환경을 조성하는 데 기여하므로, 기계 안전성을 확보하는 데 매우 중요한 역할을 합니다. SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 표준은 기계 운영 중 발생할 수 있는 물리적 부하를 제한하여 가혹한 작업 환경에서의 건강 위험을 최소화하고, 효율적인 작업 수행을 가능하게 함으로써 기계 안전과 직업적 건강을 증진시키는 데 필수적인 문서입니다.

La norme SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 offre une base solide pour la sécurité des machines en ce qui concerne la performance physique humaine. Son champ d'application est extrêmement pertinent pour les fabricants de machines et les rédacteurs de normes C, car elle fournit des recommandations concrètes sur les limites de force à respecter lors de l'opération de différents types de machines, y compris celles utilisées dans la construction, le transport et la mise en service. Parmi les points forts de cette norme, on note l'accent mis sur la santé des travailleurs. En spécifiant des limites de force recommandées pour les actions impliquées dans l'utilisation de machines, elle vise à réduire les risques liés à une exécution musculaire excessive, ce qui est essentiel pour protéger les travailleurs, en particulier ceux appartenant à la population adulte en bonne santé. De plus, cette norme reconnaît l'importance de l'inclusivité en abordant l'utilisation des machines non seulement par les professionnels, mais aussi par la population générale, y compris les jeunes et les personnes âgées. Cela témoigne d'une compréhension approfondie des divers utilisateurs des machines dans des contextes professionnels et domestiques. Les recommandations découlent de recherches sur la population européenne, ce qui renforce leur pertinence et leur applicabilité dans le contexte européen. Cela garantit que les limites de force établies sont fondées sur des données réelles et des besoins spécifiques des utilisateurs. Limiter le champ d'application aux machines fabriquées après la date de publication de la norme contribue également à assurer que les directives sont appliquées aux équipements les plus récents, offrant ainsi une protection mise à jour pour les opérateurs. En somme, la norme SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 se distingue par son approche centrée sur la santé et la sécurité des utilisateurs de machines, tout en fournissant des recommandations basées sur des recherches solides. Elle s'impose comme un standard essentiel pour toute entreprise cherchant à assurer la sécurité de ses opérations impliquant des machines, tout en tenant compte des capacités physiques des utilisateurs.

Die SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 ist eine bedeutende europäische Norm, die sich mit der Sicherheit von Maschinen und der menschlichen physischen Leistungsfähigkeit befasst. Der Fokus dieser Norm liegt auf den empfohlenen Kraftgrenzen für den Betrieb von Maschinen, was für die Hersteller von Maschinen und deren Komponenten sowie für die Verfasser von C-Standards von immenser Bedeutung ist. Der Umfang der Norm ist klar definiert und umfasst verschiedene Betriebsphasen von Maschinen, einschließend Konstruktion, Transport und Inbetriebnahme (Montage, Installation, Einstellung), Betrieb (Bedienung, Reinigung, Fehlersuche, Wartung, Einstellung, Schulung oder Prozesswechsel), Stilllegung, Entsorgung und Demontage. Diese umfassende Abdeckung verschiedener Anwendungsbereiche macht die Norm äußerst relevant für Hersteller und Anwender in unterschiedlichen Branchen. Ein herausragendes Merkmal der SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 ist die Anwendung auf Maschinen, die sowohl von der berufstätigen Bevölkerung als auch von der allgemeinen Bevölkerung, einschließlich Jugendlicher und älterer Menschen, genutzt werden. Dies gewährleistet, dass die Empfehlungen für eine breite Nutzerbasis gelten und somit gesundheitliche Risiken, die durch maschinenbedingte Muskelkraftanstrengungen entstehen können, wirksam kontrolliert werden. Die in dieser Norm festgelegten Kraftgrenzen basieren auf eingehenden Forschungsarbeiten zur europäischen Bevölkerung, was ihre wissenschaftliche Fundierung und ihren praktischen Nutzen unterstreicht. Dies zeigt, dass die Norm nicht willkürlich ist, sondern auf konkreten Daten und Erkenntnissen aufbaut, was sie zu einem wertvollen Leitfaden für die Entwicklung von Maschinen macht. Es ist jedoch wichtig zu beachten, dass diese Norm nicht für Maschinen gilt, die vor dem Veröffentlichungsdatum hergestellt wurden. Dies bedeutet, dass ihre Anwendung hauptsächlich auf neuere Maschinen beschränkt ist, wodurch Innovation und kontinuierliche Verbesserung in der Maschinenbauindustrie gefördert werden. Insgesamt stellt die SIST EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 eine wichtige Unterstützung für die Gewährleistung der Sicherheit und Gesundheit der Nutzer von Maschinen dar und trägt dazu bei, das Bewusstsein für gesundheitliche Risiken im Zusammenhang mit der Maschinenbedienung zu schärfen.