SIST EN ISO 13702:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2024
Naftna in plinska industrija - Nadzor in zajezitev požarov in eksplozij na plavajočih
proizvodnih objektih - Zahteve in smernice (ISO 13702:2024)
Oil and gas industries - Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore
production installations - Requirements and guidelines (ISO 13702:2024)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Überwachung und Eindämmung von Feuer und
Explosionen auf Offshore-Produktionsplattformen - Anforderungen und Leitlinien (ISO
13702:2024)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz - Contrôle et atténuation des feux et des explosions dans
les installations en mer - Exigences et lignes directrices(ISO 13702:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13702:2024
ICS:
13.220.01 Varstvo pred požarom na Protection against fire in
splošno general
75.180.10 Oprema za raziskovanje, Exploratory, drilling and
vrtanje in odkopavanje extraction equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 13702
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.220.01; 75.180.10 Supersedes EN ISO 13702:2015
English Version
Oil and gas industries - Control and mitigation of fires and
explosions on offshore production installations -
Requirements and guidelines (ISO 13702:2024)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz - Contrôle et Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Überwachung und
atténuation des feux et des explosions dans les Eindämmung von Feuer und Explosionen auf Offshore-
installations en mer - Exigences et lignes Produktionsplattformen - Anforderungen und
directrices(ISO 13702:2024) Leitlinien (ISO 13702:2024)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 March 2024.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13702:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 13702:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Oil and
gas industries including lower carbon energy" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12
“Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2024, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 13702:2015.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13702:2024 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13702:2024 without any modification.

International
Standard
ISO 13702
Third edition
Oil and gas industries — Control
2024-03
and mitigation of fires and
explosions on offshore production
installations — Requirements and
guidelines
Industries du pétrole et du gaz — Contrôle et atténuation des
feux et des explosions dans les installations en mer — Exigences
et lignes directrices
Reference number
ISO 13702:2024(en) © ISO 2024
ISO 13702:2024(en)
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 13702:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 5
5 Fire and explosion evaluation and risk management . 6
5.1 Management system .6
5.2 Risk assessment and the risk management framework .6
5.3 Risk assessment process.6
5.4 Hazard identification .6
5.5 Risk analysis .7
5.6 Risk evaluation .7
5.7 Risk treatment .7
5.7.1 General .7
5.7.2 Prioritization of risk treatment measures .8
5.8 Risk treatment in the context of offshore oil and gas operations .8
5.8.1 General .8
5.8.2 Design loads .10
5.8.3 Fire and explosion strategy and performance standards .10
5.8.4 Verification .11
6 Installation layout .11
6.1 Objectives .11
6.2 Functional requirements .11
7 Emergency shutdown systems and blowdown .12
7.1 Objective. 12
7.2 Functional requirements . . 12
8 Control of ignition .13
8.1 Objective. 13
8.2 Functional requirements . . 13
9 Control of spills . .13
9.1 Objective. 13
9.2 Functional requirements . . 13
10 Emergency power systems .13
10.1 Objective. 13
10.2 Functional requirements . .14
11 Fire and gas (F&G) detection systems . . 14
11.1 Objectives .14
11.2 Functional requirements . .14
12 Active fire protection .15
12.1 Objectives . 15
12.2 Functional requirements . . 15
13 Passive fire protection .16
13.1 Objective.16
13.2 Functional requirements . .16
14 Explosion mitigation and protection measures . 17
14.1 Objective.17
14.2 Functional requirements . .17

iii
ISO 13702:2024(en)
15 Response to fires and explosions . 17
15.1 Objective.17
15.2 Functional requirements . .17
16 Inspection, testing, and maintenance .18
16.1 Objective.18
16.2 Functional requirements . .18
Annex A (informative) Typical fire and explosion hazardous events .20
Annex B (informative) Guidelines to the control and mitigation of fires and explosions .25
Annex C (informative) Typical examples of design requirements for large integrated offshore
installations .52
Bibliography .63

iv
ISO 13702:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Oil and gas industries including lower carbon
energy, Subcommittee SC 6, Process equipment, piping, systems, and related safety, in collaboration with the
European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 12, Oil and gas industries
including lower carbon energy, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 13702:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— visualized the risk treatment process in a flow diagram in 5.8;
— improved description of the explosion blast description in Clause A.3;
— improved guidance with respect to risk mitigation in Clause B.1;
— introduction of ESD hierarchy and guidance related to principles to protect pressurised equipment
against fire in Clause B.2;
— improved guidance on ignition source control in Clause B.3;
— included guidance for control of spills related to floating LNG in Clause B.4;
— expanded guidance related to gas detection in Clause B.6;
— included guidance related to ignition source control for firewater pump drivers and external power
supplies in B.8.2;
— addressing personnel safety related to CO or other asphyxiating gases in B.8.11;
— introduced guidance related to passive fire-retarding surface for helidecks in B.8.13;
— introduced guidance related to tests in B.13;

v
ISO 13702:2024(en)
— introduced the terms A-class and H-class for fire barriers in C.4.3.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

vi
ISO 13702:2024(en)
Introduction
The successful development of the arrangements required to promote safety and environmental protection
during the recovery of hydrocarbon resources requires a structured approach to the identification
and management of health, safety, and environmental hazards applied during the design, construction,
commissioning, operation, inspection, maintenance, and decommissioning of a facility.
This document has been prepared primarily to assist in the development of new installations through their
lifecycle.
The content of this document is arranged as follows.
— Objectives: lists the goals to achieved by the control and mitigation measures being described.
— Functional requirements: represent criteria to meet the stated objectives. The functional requirements
are performance-orientated measures and, as such, are applicable to the variety of offshore installations
utilized for the development of hydrocarbon resources throughout the world.
— Annex A: describes typical fire and explosion hazardous events.
— Annex B: describes recognized practices that can be considered in conjunction with statutory
requirements, industry standards, and individual operator philosophy to determine that the measures
necessary are implemented for the control and mitigation of fires and explosions. The guidance is limited
to principal elements and are intended to provide specific guidance which, due to the wide variety of
offshore operating environments, cannot be applicable in some circumstances.
— Annex C: describes typical examples of design requirements for large integrated offshore installations.
This document is based on an approach where the selection of control and mitigation measures for fires
and explosions primarily caused from loss of containment is determined by an evaluation of hazards on the
offshore installation. The methodologies employed in this assessment and the resultant recommendations
differ depending on the complexity of the production process and facilities, type of facility (i.e. open or
enclosed), staffing levels, and environmental conditions associated with the area of operation.
NOTE Requirements, rules, and regulations can, in addition, be applicable for the individual offshore installation
concerned.
vii
International Standard ISO 13702:2024(en)
Oil and gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires
and explosions on offshore production installations —
Requirements and guidelines
1 Scope
This document specifies the objectives and functional requirements for the control and mitigation of fires
and explosions on offshore installations used for the development of hydrocarbon resources in oil and gas
industries. The object is to achieve:
— safety of personnel;
— protection of the environment;
— protection of assets;
— minimization of financial and consequential losses of fires and explosions.
This document is applicable to the following:
— fixed offshore structures;
— floating systems for production, storage, and offloading.
Mobile offshore units and subsea installations are excluded, although many of the principles contained in
this document can be used as guidance.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 31073, Risk management — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 31073 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
accommodation
place where personnel onboard sleep and spend their off-duty time
Note 1 to entry: It can include dining rooms, recreation rooms, lavatories, cabins, offices, sickbay, living quarters,
galley, pantries, and similar permanently enclosed spaces.

ISO 13702:2024(en)
3.2
active fire protection
AFP
equipment, systems, and methods which, following initiation, can be used to control, mitigate, and
extinguish fires
3.3
ALARP
as low as reasonably practicable
implementation of risk-reducing measures until the cost (including time, capital costs or other resources
and assets) of further risk (3.35) reduction is grossly disproportional to the potential risk reducing effect
achieved by implementing any additional measure
[41]
Note 1 to entry: See UK HSE .
3.4
area classification
division of an installation into hazardous areas (3.24) and non-hazardous areas and the sub-division of
hazardous areas (3.24) into zones under normal operation
Note 1 to entry: This classification is based on the materials that can be present and the probability of a flammable
atmosphere developing. Area classification is primarily used in the selection of electrical equipment to minimize the
likelihood of ignition if a release occurs.
3.5
cellulosic fire
CF
fire involving primarily cellulosic material such as wood, timber, or paper
3.6
control
limitation of the extent or duration of a hazardous event (3.25)
3.7
control station
place from which personnel can monitor the status of the installation, initiate appropriate shutdown actions,
and undertake any emergency communication
Note 1 to entry: Control station is typically known as CCR or central point.
3.8
critical safety system
system that has a major role in the prevention and mitigation of releases, fires and explosions (3.21) and in
any subsequent escape, evacuation, and rescue (3.19) activities
3.9
deluge system
system to apply fire-water through an array of open spray nozzles by operation of a valve on the inlet to
the system
3.10
embarkation area
place from which personnel leave the installation during evacuation (3.18)
EXAMPLE Helideck and associated waiting area or a lifeboat or life raft boarding area.
3.11
emergency depressurization
EDP
controlled disposal of pressurized fluids to a flare or vent system when required to avoid or minimize a
hazardous event (3.25)
ISO 13702:2024(en)
3.12
emergency response
action taken by personnel on or off the installation to control or mitigate a hazardous event (3.25) or initiate
and execute abandonment of the facility
3.13
emergency response team
group of personnel who have designated duties in an emergency
3.14
emergency shutdown
ESD
control (3.6) actions undertaken to shut down equipment or processes in response to a hazardous event (3.25)
3.15
escalation
spread of impact from fires, explosions (3.21), toxic gas releases to equipment or other areas thereby causing
an increase in the consequences of the initial hazardous event (3.25)
3.16
escape
act of personnel moving away from a hazardous event to a place where its effects are reduced or removed
3.17
escape route
route that provides a safe path from an area of an installation leading to a muster area (3.31), temporary
refuge (TR) (3.37), embarkation area (3.10), or means of escape (3.16) to the sea
3.18
evacuation
planned method of leaving the installation in an emergency
3.19
escape, evacuation, and rescue
EER
range of possible actions including escape (3.16), muster, refuge, evacuation (3.18), escape to the sea, and
rescue or recovery
3.20
evacuation route
escape route (3.17) that leads from the temporary refuge (TR) (3.37) to the place(s) used for evacuation (3.18)
from the installation
3.21
explosion
event characterized by a rapid release of energy which has the potential to generate high blast overpressures
and drag forces, as well as blast waves propagating away from the ignition point
3.22
fire and explosion strategy
FES
results of the process that uses information from the fire and explosion (3.21) evaluation to determine the
measures required to manage these hazardous events (3.25) and the role of these measures
3.23
hazard
potential source of harm
EXAMPLE A source for potential human injury, damage to the environment, damage to property, or a combination
of these.
[13]
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014 , 3.2, modified — Example has been added.]

ISO 13702:2024(en)
3.24
hazardous area
three-dimensional space in which a flammable atmosphere can be expected to be present at such frequencies
as to require special precautions for the control (3.6) of potential ignition sources (3.27) as a result of area
classification (3.4) studies
3.25
hazardous event
event that can cause harm
EXAMPLE The incident that occurs when a hazard (3.23) is realized such as release of gas, fire, loss of buoyancy.
[13]
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014 , 3.3, modified — Example has been added.]
3.26
human factors
environmental, organisational, and job factors that influence behaviour of work in a way that can affect
health and safety outcomes including the performance of critical safety systems (3.8)
3.27
ignition source
source with sufficient energy to initiate combustion
3.28
integrated installation
offshore installation that contains on the same load-bearing structure accommodation (3.1) and utilities, in
addition to process or wellhead facilities
3.29
jet fire
JF
turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the combustion of a fuel continuously released with momentum in
a particular direction
3.30
mobile offshore unit
mobile platform, including drilling ships, equipped for drilling for subsea hydrocarbon deposits and mobile
platform for purposes other than production and storage of hydrocarbon deposits
Note 1 to entry: It includes mobile offshore drilling units, including drill ships, accommodation (3.1) units, construction
and pipelay units, and well servicing and well stimulation vessels.
3.31
muster area
designated area where personnel report when required to do so
3.32
operator
individual, partnership, firm, or corporation having control or management of operations on the leased area
or a portion thereof
Note 1 to entry: The operator can be a lessee, designated agent of the lessee(s), or holder of operating rights under an
approved operating agreement.
3.33
passive fire protection
PFP
coating or cladding arrangement or free-standing system which, in the event of fire, will provide thermal
protection to restrict the rate at which heat is transmitted to the object or area being protected

ISO 13702:2024(en)
3.34
pool fire
turbulent diffusion fire burning above a horizontal pool of vaporizing flammable or combustible liquid
under conditions where the liquid has zero or very low initial momentum
3.35
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
[13]
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014 , 3.9, modified — Note to entry has been removed.]
3.36
running liquid fire
fire involving a flammable liquid flowing over a surface
3.37
temporary refuge
TR
place provided where personnel can take refuge for a predetermined period while investigations, emergency
response (3.12), and evacuation (3.18) preplanning are undertaken
4 Abbreviated terms
AB accommodation block
API American Petroleum Institute
BOP blowout preventer
CCR central control room
CS control station
DIFFS deck integrated fire fighting system
F&G fire and gas
GOR gas oil ratio
HC hydrocarbon
HMI human machine interface
HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IMO International Maritime Organization
PA public address
SSIV sub-sea isolation valve
SSSV sub-surface safety valve
TEMPSC totally enclosed motor-propelled survival craft
UA utility area
UPS uninterruptable power supply

ISO 13702:2024(en)
WH wellhead area
5 Fire and explosion evaluation and risk management
5.1 Management system
All companies associated with the offshore recovery of hydrocarbons shall have, or conduct their activities
in accordance with, an effective management system that addresses safety and environmental issues. As an
example, operators should have an effective management system; contractors should have either their own
management system or conduct their activities consistently with the operators’ management system and
additionally address issues relating to health and safety. The management system shall include a process of
evaluating and managing risk in a framework of policies, procedures and organizational arrangements that
embeds the management of risk throughout the organization.
5.2 Risk assessment and the risk management framework
This document assumes that the risk assessment is performed within the principles and guidelines for risk
[12]
management described in IEC 31010 .
In particular, those carrying out risk assessments shall be clear about the following:
a) organization's risk management policy, its objectives, and the context in which the organization
operates;
b) extent and type of risks that are tolerable and how to treat any risks that are deemed not to be tolerable;
c) how risk assessment integrates into organizational processes;
d) methods and techniques to be used for risk assessment and their contribution to the risk management
process;
e) accountability, both for performing risk assessment and for making decisions taking account of the
results;
f) resources required to carry out risk assessment;
g) how the risk assessment will be reported, reviewed and audited.
5.3 Risk assessment process
Risk assessment provides decision-makers and responsible parties with an improved understanding of risks
that can affect achievement of objectives and the adequacy and effectiveness of controls planned or already
in place. This provides a basis for decisions about the most appropriate approach to be used to manage the
risks. The output of risk assessment is an input to the decision-making processes of the organization.
Risk assessment is the overall process of hazard identification, risk analysis, and risk evaluation. The way
this process is applied depends on the context of the risk management process and on the methods and
techniques used to carry out the risk assessment.
5.4 Hazard identification
The starting point for risk management is the systematic identification of the sources of hazards and their
potential consequences which can be dependent on the location, activities, and materials which are used or
encountered in them.
The hazard identification process shall be applied to all stages in the life cycle of an installation and to all
types of hazards encountered as a consequence of the development of hydrocarbon resources.

ISO 13702:2024(en)
5.5 Risk analysis
Risk analysis involves developing an understanding of the risks associated with the hazards identified. Risk
analysis provides an input to risk evaluation and to decisions on whether risks need to be treated, and on
the most appropriate risk treatment strategies and methods. Risk analysis can also provide an input into
making decisions where choices are made, and the options involve different types and levels of risk.
Risk analysis involves consideration of the causes and sources of risk, their positive and negative
consequences, and the likelihood that those consequences can occur. Factors that affect consequences and
likelihood shall be identified. An event can have multiple consequences and can affect multiple objectives.
Existing controls and their effectiveness and efficiency shall also be considered.
Unless a conservative approach is being taken (e.g. worst-case scenarios or pessimistic assumptions in the
risk analysis), the risk analysis should address uncertainties in frequencies and consequences, e.g. in data
and models, applied through an uncertainty or sensitivity analysis.
5.6 Risk evaluation
The purpose of risk evaluation is to assist decision-making and should be based on the outcomes of risk
analysis.
Risk evaluation involves comparing the level of risk found during the analysis process with qualitative or
quantitative criteria established when the context was considered. Based on this comparison, the need for
treatment shall be considered.
Decisions shall take account of the wider context of the risk and include consideration of the tolerance of the
risks borne by parties other than the organization that get benefits from the risk.
In some circumstances, the risk evaluation can lead to a decision to undertake further analysis or to consider
other options. The risk evaluation can also lead to a decision not to treat the risk in any way other than
maintaining existing controls. This decision will be influenced by the organization's risk tolerance and the
criteria that have been established.
5.7 Risk treatment
5.7.1 General
The general hierarchy of risk reduction measures to implement is usually as follows:
— elimination (remove the hazard);
— substitution (of a lower risk alternative);
— engineering controls:
— layout (segregation or separation);
— passive barriers;
— active barriers (preference for fail safe design);
— administrative controls (procedures);
— personal protective equipment (PPE).
Risk treatment involves selecting one or more options for modifying risks and implementing those options.
Once implemented, treatments provide or modify the controls.
Risk treatment involves a cyclical process of
— assessing a risk treatment,
ISO 13702:2024(en)
— deciding whether residual risk levels are reduced to ALARP and which then can be deemed tolerable,
— generating a new risk treatment, if risk levels are not tolerable, and
— assessing the effectiveness of that treatment.
Risk treatment options are not necessarily mutually exclusive or appropriate in all circumstances. The
options can include the following:
a) avoiding the risk by deciding not to start or continue with the activity that gives rise to the risk;
b) taking or increasing the risk in order to pursue an opportunity;
c) removing the hazard source – inherently safe;
d) changing the likelihood; e.g. through improved knowledge;
e) changing the consequences; e.g. through more robust modelling or improved barriers;
f) retaining the risk by informed decision;
g) reducing the risk by deciding to decrease production, assuming losses.
The process of selecting risk treatment measures predominantly entails the use of sound engineering
judgement, but it can be necessary to supplement this by recognition of the particular circumstances which
can require deviation from past practices and previously applied codes and standards.
5.7.2 Prioritization of risk treatment measures
Preventative measures, such as using inherently safer designs and ensuring asset integrity, shall be
emphasized wherever practicable. Based on the results of the evaluation, detailed health, safety, and
environmental objectives, the functional requirements shall be set at appropriate levels.
5.8 Risk treatment in the context of offshore oil and gas operations
5.8.1 General
The development of a fire and explosion strategy (FES) is an iterative process that typically starts early in
the design phase of a facility and is refined as the project progresses and more detailed information becomes
available.
The objectives and functional requirements of the safety systems reported in Clause 6 to Clause 16 constitute
a set of recommended minimum criteria applicable to the design of offshore installations. Then, following
the identification of the minimum design requirements and the development of the preliminary project
documentation, the risk management process shall be applied throughout the different project phases in
order to ensure that risks are reduced to ALARP, as it is summarized in Figure 1.

ISO 13702:2024(en)
Figure 1 — Workflow
The workflow in Figure 1 is general and applies to all hazards and potentially hazardous events. In the
context of fires and explosions, the evaluation of these events may be part of an overall installation
evaluation or may be treated as a separate process which provides information to the overall evaluation. For
[5]
further requirements and guidance related to hazard identification and risk assessment see ISO 17776 .
In developing the risk treatment measures, there is a wide range of issues which shall be considered to
ensure that the measures selected can perform their function when required to do so. These issues include
the following:
a) nature of the fires and explosions which can occur (see Annex A);
b) risks related to fires and explosions;
...