SIST EN 14255-1:2005

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 14255-1:2005
01-september-2005
Merjenje in ugotavljanje izpostavljenosti oseb inkoherentnemu optičnemu sevanju
na delovnem mestu – 1. del: Ultravijolično sevanje »umetnih« svetlobnih virov
Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent optical radiation -
Part 1: Ultraviolet radiation emitted by artificial sources in the workplace
Messung und Beurteilung von personenbezogenen Expositionen gegenüber
inkohärenter optischer Strahlung - Teil 1: Von künstlichen Quellen am Arbeitsplatz
emittierte ultraviolette Strahlung
Mesurage et évaluation de l'exposition des personnes aux rayonnements optiques
incohérents - Partie 1: Rayonnements ultraviolets émis par des sources artificielles sur
les lieux de travail
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14255-1:2005
ICS:
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
SIST EN 14255-1:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 14255-1:2005

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SIST EN 14255-1:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 14255-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2005
ICS 17.240
English version
Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to
incoherent optical radiation - Part 1: Ultraviolet radiation emitted
by artificial sources in the workplace
Mesurage et évaluation de l'exposition des personnes aux Messung und Beurteilung von personenbezogenen
rayonnements optiques incohérents - Partie 1: Expositionen gegenüber inkohärenter optischer Strahlung -
Rayonnements ultraviolets émis par des sources Teil 1: Von künstlichen Quellen am Arbeitsplatz emittierte
artificielles sur les lieux de travail ultraviolette Strahlung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14255-1:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN 14255-1:2005
EN 14255-1:2005 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 General procedure.7
5 Preliminary Review.8
6 Work task analysis.8
7 Measurement of the exposure.9
7.1 Planning.9
7.2 Quantities to be determined .10
7.3 Selection of method.10
7.4 Requirements for the measurement methods .11
7.5 Implementation .13
7.6 Expression of results .14
8 Assessment of the exposure.14
8.1 General.14
8.2 Comparison with limit value.14
8.3 Statement.14
8.4 Additional information .15
9 Decision about protective measures.15
10 Repetition of measurement and assessment .15
11 Report .15
11.1 Short report .15
11.2 Full report .16
Annex A (informative) Flowchart of procedure .17
Annex B (informative) Tables (examples) for work task analysis .18
Annex C (informative) Commonly used radiation measurement devices .20
Annex D (informative) Methods for the measurement of UV-exposures.22
D.1 General.22
D.2 Methods A to F for the measurement of the ultraviolet hazard radiant exposure H (180
s
nm to 400 nm).22
D.3 Methods G to L for the measurement of the radiant exposure H (315 nm to 400 nm) .25
D.4 Methods M to P for the measurement of the irradiance E (315 nm to 400 nm) .28
Annex E (informative) Examples of protective measures .31
Bibliography .32

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SIST EN 14255-1:2005
EN 14255-1:2005 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 14255-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and
lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2005.
This document includes a Bibliography.
EN 14255 Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent optical radiation is published in
four parts:
 Part 1 (this part): Ultraviolet radiation emitted by artificial sources in the workplace
 Part 2: Visible and infrared radiation emitted by artificial sources in the workplace (in preparation)
 Part 3: UV-Radiation — Natural sources (in preparation)
 Part 4: Terminology and quantities used in UV-, visible and IR-exposure measurements (in preparation)
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
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Introduction
People may be exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the workplace. The most important natural source for
such UV-radiation is the sun. There are also artificial UV-radiation sources, where UV-radiation is intentionally
emitted to achieve the purpose of the source’s application (e.g. UV-lamps for drying of printing colours, UV-
lamps for testing of material, lamps for UV-disinfection, UV-phototherapy of patients and solaria devices, etc.)
or where UV-radiation is unintentionally produced (such as welding arcs, some types of lamps, etc.). Time
spent near these artificial sources may result in significant UV-exposure.
When people are irradiated by UV-radiation, injuries may occur. The eyes and the skin may be damaged by
short term UV-irradiation of high intensity. Typical injuries are photoconjunctivitis and photokeratitis of the eye
and UV-erythema of the skin. Minor doses of UV-radiation may induce or aggravate some diseases like
porphyria or lupus erythematosis or may trigger phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. But additionally, long
term UV-irradiation may result in damage to the eyes and skin, such as cataracts, skin aging and skin cancer.
In order to avoid short term injuries and reduce additional risks from long term UV-exposures national
regulations and international recommendations require restriction of UV-exposures in the workplace. To
achieve this, it is necessary to determine the level of UV-exposure and assess its gravity.
The determination of the level of UV-exposure can be done by measurement of the UV-exposure of the
people likely to be exposed. Determination of the severity of an UV-exposure is normally done by comparison
of the determined UV-exposure level with the required or recommended limit value. When the UV-exposure
level complies with the limit value no further action is necessary. When the limit value is exceeded protective
measures have to be applied in order to decrease the UV-exposure. As the exposure situation in the
workplace may change, it may be necessary to repeat the determination and assessment of UV-exposure at a
later time.
UV radiation exposure measurements are often costly and time consuming. So it is reasonable to avoid
measurements if possible, i. e. if the personal UV radiation exposure can be estimated and either exceeds the
limit values by far or is far below the limit values. In some cases, the manufacturer may have classified a
device according to International Standards such as EN 12198 and CIE S009. Knowledge of the classification
of all potential sources of UV may allow a sufficiently precise assessment of hazard to be made without further
measurement. Another approach could be to use known spectral data of sources in combination with
calculation software in order to estimate exposure level [6]. UV- exposure measurements are only necessary if
it cannot be estimated in advance whether the limit values will be exceeded or not. So as a first step of the
assessment procedure it is useful to carry out a preliminary review including an exposure estimation.
This document does not specify UV-exposure limit values. UV-exposure limit values are set in national
regulations or provided by international organizations, such as the International Commission for Non-ionizing
Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) [1-3]. This document specifies the procedures for measurement and
assessment of UV-exposures in the workplace. As the results of measurement and assessment of UV-
exposure depend on the method of implementation, it is important to carry out measurements and
assessments in a standardised way.
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EN 14255-1:2005 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies procedures for the measurement and assessment of personal exposures to
ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by artificial sources, where adverse effects can not readily be excluded.
NOTE 1 Adverse effects will usually not occur in exposures caused by commonly used artificial lighting. However,
exposures to very strong light sources or light sources with extended spectra may cause a health risk nevertheless.
This document applies to UV-exposures in indoor and outdoor workplaces. It does not apply to UV-exposures
in leisure time.
This document does not apply to UV-exposure caused by the sun.
NOTE 2 Part 3 of this standard will deal with UV-exposure caused by the sun.
This document does not specify UV-exposure limit values. It supports the application of limit values set by
national regulations or international recommendations.
This document applies to UV-exposures by artificial incoherent sources, which emit spectral lines as well as
continuous spectra. This document does not apply to coherent radiation sources.
NOTE 3 Coherent optical radiation sources are covered by standards for lasers, like EN 60825-1 etc.
This document applies to UV-exposures in the wavelength band 180 nm to 400 nm.
This document does not apply to radiation exposures which concern the retina.
NOTE 4 Part 2 of this standard will address these effects.
This document does not apply to radiation emissions of products.
NOTE 5 For radiation emissions of products other standards apply, such as: EN 60335-2-27 (IEC 60335-2-27) for
sunbeds, EN 60335-2-59 (IEC 60335-2-59) for insect killers and EN 12198 for radiation emissions of machinery.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement.
CIE 17.4:1987, International lighting vocabulary — Chapter 845: lighting.
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3 Terms and definitions
3.1
Quantities, symbols and units
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in CIE 17.4:1987 and the following apply.
(see Table 1)
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbol Quantity Unit
λ Wavelength nm
E Irradiance W/m²
E (λ) Spectral irradiance W/(m²⋅nm)
λ
E Ultraviolet hazard irradiance W/m²
s
H Radiant exposure J/m²
Spectral radiant exposure
H (λ) J/(m²⋅nm)
λ
H Ultraviolet hazard radiant exposure J/m²
s
∆ t Exposure duration s
exp
s(λ) Ultraviolet hazard weighting function —

NOTE 1 CIE is the International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated as CIE from its French title)
Values for the spectral weighting function s(λ) are to be taken from the set of limit values applied.
NOTE 2 E.g. if s(λ) is chosen to correspond to the ICNIRP relative spectral effectiveness S [1-3], the ultraviolet hazard
λ
irradiance E will correspond to the ICNIRP effective irradiance E and the ultraviolet hazard radiant exposure H will
s eff s
correspond to the ICNIRP effective radiant exposure H (see 6.2).
eff
3.2
Relationships between quantities

3.2.1
irradiance E
calculated from the spectral irradiance E (λ) by:
λ
λ
2
Ε = Ε ()λ dλ (1)
λ
∫
λ
1
3.2.2
ultraviolet hazard irradiance E
s
wavelength integrated product of the spectral irradiance E (λ) and the ultraviolet hazard weighting function
λ
s(λ):
λ
2
E = Ε (λ) ⋅s(λ)dλ (2)
s λ
∫
λ
1
3.2.3
spectral radiant exposure H (λλλλ)
λλλλ
integral of the spectral irradiance E (λ) with respect to exposure duration t :
λ exp
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EN 14255-1:2005 (E)
(3)
Η (λ) = Ε (λ)dt
λ λ
∫
∆t
exp
3.2.4
radiant exposure H
either calculated from the integral of the spectral radiant exposures H (λ) with respect to the wavelength
λ
range:
λ
2
Η = Η ()λ dλ (4)
λ
∫
λ
1
Or calculated from the integral of the irradiance E with respect to exposure duration ∆∆∆∆ t :
exp
H = E()t dt (5)
∫
∆t
exp
3.2.5
ultraviolet hazard radiant exposure  H

s
either calculated from the spectral radiant exposure H (λ) by:
λ
λ
2
Η = Η (λ) ⋅s(λ)dλ (6)
s λ
∫
λ
1
Or calculated from the ultraviolet hazard irradiance E by:
s
Η = Ε ()t dt
(7)
s s
∫
∆t
exp
4 General procedure
In order to measure and assess the UV-exposure in the workplace the following steps shall be carried out:
a) Preliminary Review
b) Work task analysis
c) Measurement of the UV-exposure
d) Assessment of the UV-exposure
e) Decision about protective measures
f) Decision about a repetition of the UV-exposure measurement and assessment
g) Preparation of a report
Details of these procedures are specified in Clauses 5 to 11.
NOTE 1 A flow chart showing the procedural steps is given in Annex A (informative).
NOTE 2 In some cases it is not necessary to carry out all of these steps, see Clause 5.
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5 Preliminary Review
The preliminary review is required to determine whether or not a detailed hazard assessment based on
measurements is necessary. All available information about the radiation source and the possible personal
UV-exposure shall be gathered. It shall then be decided if an exposure measurement is necessary or if a
statement can be made without a measurement that the exposure limit values are met or are exceeded.
NOTE If UV irradiances are known to be either insignificant or extreme, a precise assessment may be unnecessary.
Where all sources have emission characteristics which can be described as trivial, or where occupancy is minimal, it may
be impossible for a person to exceed the chosen exposure limits. Conversely, where emissions are significant and/or
occupancy is high, it may be obvious that the limits will be exceeded and that some form of protective measures (see
Clause 9) will be required. Useful information towards the preliminary review might be found from several origins:
• A device may have been classified according to standards such as EN 12198 [11 – 13] and CIE S009 [5]. Knowledge
of the classification of all potential sources of UV- radiation may allow a sufficiently precise assessment of hazard to
be made without further measurement.
• If sufficient UV radiation emission data are available for a device it may be possible to estimate the personal UV
exposure.
• If data like spectrum (e.g. derived from the source temperature), geometry and exposure duration are available
calculation of the personal exposure may be performed (e.g. by computer software [6]).
If a clear statement can be made that the personal UV-exposure is insignificant and that the exposure limit
values will be met, no further action is necessary and Clauses 6 to 9 need not be applied.
If a clear statement can be made that the UV exposure limit value(s) will be exceeded, Clause 9 shall be
applied. After the application of protective measures the assessment procedure shall be repeated starting with
the preliminary review in Clause 5.
If it can not clearly be estimated in advance whether the limit value(s) will be met or exceeded the procedures
specified in Clauses 6 to 11 shall be carried out.
If the gathered data show a potential exposure in the visible and infrared range, the corresponding hazard
shall be assessed according to EN 14255-2.
A short report according to 11.1 shall be prepared. If measurements are carried out the short report may be
presented as part of the full report according to 11.2.
6 Work task analysis
For the determination of ultraviolet radiant exposure in the workplace a detailed work task analysis shall be
carried out. All activities during which persons may be exposed to ultraviolet radiation shall be considered. For
each of these activities the exposure situation shall be carefully analysed. This analysis shall include
determining:
• the number, position(s) and types (e.g. wavelength, geometry) of radiation sources to be considered;
• radiation which is reflected or scattered on walls, equipment, materials etc.
• the spectrum of the radiation to which persons are exposed;
• the spectrum can be determined by:
 measuring the spectrum in the position where persons are exposed
 information on the emission spectrum of the radiation source provided by the source’s manufacturer
or directly measured close to the source, if the spectrum at the position where persons are exposed
is identical to the spectrum emitted by the radiation source.
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NOTE The spectrum may be altered by scattering, reflection and absorption between the radiation source and the
exposed persons.
• the constancy or the variation of the spectrum and/or the irradiance/radiance with time;
• the distance between the exposed person and the radiation source(s);
• changes in the location of the exposed person during the work shift (respective during the entire duration
of exposure);
• the time(s) spent by persons at different locations in relation to the radiation source and the duration(s) of
exposure at these locations;
• which potential health effects are to be taken into account (damage to the eyes, skin, short- and long-term
effects, wave length ranges);
• which limit values are to be considered;
• enhanced photosensitivity, individual or collective, caused by:
 pathological predisposition or induced by use of medical drugs or cosmetics;
 chemical(s) present in the workplace environment;
• type and specifications of technical protective measures, if applied;
• whether personal protective equipment is used or not and, if so, which type and technical specifications;
• number of working shifts with UV-exposure per year.
For each of these activities information shall be complete enough to allow the exposure during a shift length to
be determined. It is useful to record all the information about the exposure in Tables as shown in Annex B
(informative).
7 Measurement of the exposure
7.1 Planning
The measurement shall be planned taking into account the measurement aim (survey measurement or
measurement for comparison with limit values) and the exposure conditions. It is important to define which
measuring methods will be used and how the measurement will be conducted. The following points shall be
taken into account:
• quantities which are to be determined (see 7.2);
• radiation spectrum:
a) UV-A, UV-B, UV-C
b) continuous or line-spectrum;
• variation of the spectrum with time: constant or varying;
• variation of irradiance with time: constant or varying;
• level of exposure;
• the measuring range of the measurement device shall be adapted to the level of the exposure;
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• places of staying and movement of the people whose exposures are to be measured (see 6);
• selection of a suitable measurement method (see 7.3);
• check if the necessary requirements for the measurement methods are met (see 7.4);
• personal radiation protection (see 7.5.2).
7.2 Quantities to be determined
The radiometric quantities to be measured shall be selected with reference to the quantities in which the limit
values are specified. For the spectral region λ = 180 nm to 400 nm exposure limit values are recommended
by international organizations, such as ICNIRP, or set by national authorities.
NOTE E.g. ICNIRP [1-3] recommends to determine the quantities:
• effective radiant exposure H for λ = 180 nm to 400 nm
eff
• radiant exposure H for λ = 315 nm to 400 nm
• irradiance E for λ = 315 nm to 400 nm
7.3 Selection of method
A complete method for the measurement of UV-exposure consists of the measurement device or devices
used, the implementation and the evaluation of the results. In Annex C commonly used radiation
measurement devices are described. In some methods not only radiation measurement devices but also time
measuring systems are used.
When selecting a measurement method account shall be taken of the measurement aim, the exposure
conditions and the radiation characteristics.
NOTE 1 Depending on the quantity to be determined various measurement methods are available. These methods and
their advantages and disadvantages are described in Annex D (informative). In some situations it will be necessary to
apply more than one method.
NOTE 2 In Table 2 methods are presented which are presently suitable for the measurement of UV-exposure depending
on the measurement aim and the exposure conditions.
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Table 2 - Suitable methods for the measurement of UV-exposure at workplaces in dependence of the
measurement aim and the exposure conditions (see Annex D)
Measurement aim Methods for Methods for Methods for
and/or exposure
measuring measuring measuring
condition
H (180 nm to 400 nm) H (315 nm to 400 nm) E (315 nm to 400 nm)
s
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P
Constant radiation X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
intensity

Radiation intensity X X X X X X X X X X X X X
varying in time
Direct measurement of  X X X
ultraviolet hazard radiant
exposure H (180 nm to
s
400 nm)
Direct measurement of     X X X
radiant exposure H (315
nm to 400 nm)
Direct measurement of    X   X X X
irradiance E (315 nm to
400 nm)
Direct personal   X X   X X
measurement of radiant
exposure H
Direct personal        X
measurement of
irradiance E (315 nm to
400 nm)
Measurement with X X   X X   X X
highly accurate spectral
weighting
X Suitable

7.4 Requirements for the measurement methods
7.4.1 General
When having selected a measurement method it shall be checked if the method meets the necessary
requirements. The basic check can usually be done by using the information provided together with the
radiation measurement device. When the performance of the method depends on the way of implementation
the check shall be done when the method is implemented.
The measurement methods (consisting of the device(s) used, the implementation and the evaluation) shall
fulfil the requirements specified in 7.4.2 to 7.4.11.
7.4.2 Uncertainty
• The uncertainty shall not exceed 30 % for measurements where the results are to be compared with
exposure limit values.
• The uncertainty shall not exceed 50 % for survey measurements.
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• The uncertainty of a measurement method shall be determined in accordance with ENV 13005.
• If exposure duration measurements are part of the selected method, the resulting combined uncertainty
shall fulfil these requirements.
7.4.3 Measurement sensitivity range
The measurement sensitivity ranges shall cover the range between 1/10 and 2 times the applied limit value(s).
NOTE 1 If ICNIRP recommendations are applied the corresponding measurement sensitivity ranges are:
a) E (180 nm to 400 nm): 0,1 mW/m² to 60 W/m²
s
b) E (315 nm to 400 nm): 35 mW/m² to 20 kW/m²
c) H (180 nm to 400 nm): 3 J/m² to 60J/m²
s
d) H (315 nm to 400 nm): 1 kJ/m² to 20 kJ/m²
e) Spectral irradiance: Spectroradiometer to measure either the irradiance E or radiant exposure H. Their sensitivity
ranges are given by the wavelength-integrated values as required before.
NOTE 2 In order to cover the whole range the use of more than one measurement device is permissible.
7.4.4 Spectral sensitivity of the detector system
The spectral sensitivity of the measurement system shall be known.
NOTE For actinic radiometers which spectral sensitivity is declared to fit the ultraviolet hazard weighting function s(λ)
this information can be used to calculate the degree of matching s(λ).
7.4.5 Active detector area
...