oSIST prEN ISO 19870-3:2026

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2026
[Not translated]
Hydrogen technologies - Methodology for determining the greenhouse gas emissions
associated with the hydrogen supply chain - Part 3: Emissions associated with the
production, storage and transport of ammonia up to delivery gate and the conversion of
ammonia into hydrogen (ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026)
Technologies de l'hydrogène - Méthodologie pour déterminer les émissions de gaz à
effet de serre associées à la chaîne d'approvisionnement en hydrogène - Partie 3: Titre
manque (ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 19870-3
ICS:
13.020.40 Onesnaževanje, nadzor nad Pollution, pollution control
onesnaževanjem in and conservation
ohranjanje
27.075 Tehnologija vodika Hydrogen technologies
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 19870-3
ISO/TC 197/SC 1
Hydrogen technologies —
Secretariat: SCC
Methodology for determining
Voting begins on:
the greenhouse gas emissions
2026-01-13
associated with the hydrogen
Voting terminates on:
supply chain —
2026-04-07
Part 3:
Emissions associated with the
production, storage and transport
of ammonia up to delivery gate and
the conversion of ammonia into
hydrogen
ICS: 13.020.40; 27.075
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ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
© ISO 2026
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ii
ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
3.1 Terms related to the quantification of the carbon footprint of a product .2
3.2 Terms related to products, product systems and processes .5
3.3 Transport .9
3.4 Terms related to life cycle assessment .11
3.5 Terms related to organizations . 13
3.6 Terms related to data and data quality .14
3.7 Abbreviated terms . 15
4 Evaluation methods . 16
4.1 Evaluation basis.16
4.1.1 General principles .16
4.1.2 Attributional approach .16
4.1.3 Consequential approach .16
4.2 Product reporting .16
4.2.1 Product system boundary.16
4.2.2 Selected cut-off criteria .17
4.2.3 Evaluation elements .18
4.2.4 Evaluation cycle .19
4.3 Quantification of GHG emissions .19
4.3.1 Process description and data quality .19
4.3.2 Emissions inventory .19
4.3.3 Emissions allocation .21
4.3.4 CFP calculation.21
4.4 CFP study report . 22
5 Critical review .22
Annex A (normative) Ammonia purity and specifications .23
Annex B (normative) Ammonia production pathway – Haber-Bosch process.24
Annex C (normative) Ammonia production pathway – hydrotreating .50
Annex D (normative) Ammonia storage .59
Annex E (normative) Ammonia transport pathway – vessel .66
Annex F (normative) Ammonia transportation pathway – pipeline . 74
Annex G (normative) Ammonia transport pathway – rail .80
Annex H (normative) Ammonia transport pathway – truck .86
Annex I (normative) Hydrogen production pathway – ammonia cracking .92
Bibliography .121

iii
ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO [had/had not] received notice of
(a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 197, Hydrogen technologies, Subcommittee SC
1, Hydrogen at scale and horizontal energy systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19870 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
Introduction
The Paris Agreement was adopted at the UN Climate Change conference (COP21) with the aims of:
strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, restricting global temperature rise to
below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above
pre-industrial levels. To meet these goals, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions need to be reduced by about 45
% from 2010 levels by 2030, reaching net zero in 2050 (IPCC, 2018; UNFCCC, 2021).
GHG initiatives on mitigation rely on the quantification, monitoring, reporting and verification of GHG
emissions and/or removals. International Standards that support the transformation of scientific knowledge
into tools can help in reaching the targets of the Paris Agreement to address climate change.
ISO 14044 defines the requirements and guidelines identified in existing International Standards on life
cycle assessment (LCA). The ISO 14060 series provides clarity and consistency for quantifying, monitoring,
reporting and validating or verifying GHG emissions and removals to support sustainable development
through a low-carbon economy. It also benefits organizations, project proponents and stakeholders
worldwide by providing clarity and consistency on quantifying, monitoring, reporting and validating or
verifying GHG emissions and removals.
ISO 14067 is based on the requirements and guidelines on LCA identified in ISO 14044 and aims to set
specific requirements for the quantification of a carbon footprint (CFP) and a partial CFP. ISO 14067 defines
the principles, requirements and guidelines for the quantification of the carbon footprint of products. Its
aim is to quantify GHG emissions associated with the lifecycle stages of a product, beginning with resource
extraction and raw material sourcing and extending through the production, use and end-of-life stages of
the product.
Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between ISO 14067 and other ISO documents on LCA.
Figure 1 — Relationship between standards beyond the GHG management family of standards
(source ISO 14067:2018). PCR: Product category rule
Hydrogen can be produced from diverse sources including renewables, nuclear and fossil fuels, with or
without carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS). Hydrogen can be used to decarbonize numerous
sectors.
A particular challenge is that identical hydrogen molecules can be produced and combined from sources
that have different GHG intensities. Similarly, hydrogen-based fuels and derivatives will be indistinguishable
and can be produced from hydrogen combined with a range of fossil and low-carbon inputs. Indeed, some of
the products made from hydrogen (e.g. electricity) can themselves be used in the production of hydrogen.
Accounting standards for different sources of hydrogen along the supply chain (see Figure 2) will be
fundamental to create a market for low-carbon hydrogen, and these standards need to be agreed upon

v
ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
internationally. Additionally, there is the possibility that consumption gates are not located in proximity to
hydrogen production gates, requiring hydrogen transport. ISO 14083 gives guidelines for the quantification
and reporting of GHG emissions arising from transport chain operations, with the present standard using the
ISO 14083 guidelines to determine the CFP of the transport services between two Ammonia delivery points.
A mutually recognized international framework that is robust, and that avoids miscounting or double
counting of environmental impacts is needed. Such a framework will provide a mutually agreed upon
approach to “guarantees" or “certificates” of origin, and will cover greenhouse gas inputs used for hydrogen
production, conditioning, conversion and transport.
The series of international standards ISO 19870 aims at establishing methodologies that should be applied, in
line with ISO 14067, to the specific case of the hydrogen value chain, covering different production processes
and other parts of the value chain, such as conditioning hydrogen in different physical states, conversion of
hydrogen into different hydrogen carriers and the subsequent transport up to the consumption gate.
The parts of the ISO 19870 multi-standards series are:
— ISO 19870-1 on emissions associated with the production of hydrogen to production gate
— ISO 19870-2 on emissions associated with the conditioning and transport of gaseous and liquid hydrogen
up to consumption gate
— ISO 19870-3 on emissions associated with the production, storage and transport of ammonia up to
delivery gate and the conversion of ammonia into hydrogen (The present document)
— ISO 19870-4 on emissions associated with the storage and transport of hydrogen via LOHC
This document comprehends the steps to determine GHG emissions from the supply chain of Ammonia from
its production gate up to the delivery gate.
1)
Figure 2 — Examples of hydrogen supply chain and coverage of ISO 19870 series
1) Various possible delivery gates are possible for the ammonia. Note that ammonia is also used as direct feedstock
for various chemical processes, rather than via ammonia conversion to hydrogen as an intermediate step. In such cases,
delivery to the consumption gate is as ammonia, rather than as hydrogen.

vi
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
Hydrogen technologies — Methodology for determining the
greenhouse gas emissions —
Part 3:
Emissions associated with the production, storage and
transport of ammonia up to delivery gate and the conversion
of ammonia into hydrogen
1 Scope
This document describes methodologies that can be applied to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
associated with the production of ammonia, its storage and transport, and the conversion of ammonia into
hydrogen. The transport of hydrogen from the ammonia cracking facility to any delivery point up to the
hydrogen consumption gate is covered in ISO 19870-2 (see Figure 2).
This document describes in the annexes the requirements and evaluation methods applied to several
ammonia production pathways of interest. It also describes the requirements and evaluation methods
applied to several ammonia cracking pathways of interest.
This document considers the GHG emissions associated with ammonia production up to the delivery gate.
This document applies to and includes every steps from ammonia production to any ammonia delivery gate
and to ammonia cracking.
ISO 14044 requires the goal and scope of an LCA to be clearly defined and be consistent with the intended
application. Due to the iterative nature of LCAs, it is possible that the LCA scope needs to be refined during
the study.
The goals and scopes of the methodologies correspond to either approach a) or b), given below, that
ISO 14040:2006, Annex A2 gives as two possible approaches to LCAs.
a) An approach that assigns elementary flows and potential environmental impacts to a specific product
system, typically as an account of the history of the product. See 4.1.2.
b) An approach that studies the environmental consequences of possible (future) changes between
alternative product systems. See 4.1.3.
In this document, approach (a) is referred to as an attributional approach, while approach (b) is referred to
[1]
as a consequential approach. Complementary information is accessible in the ILCD handbook .
A Carbon Footprint of a Product or Partial Carbon Footprint of a Product as defined by ISO 14067 may be
estimated using either the attributional or the consequential approach, the latter corresponding to the use
of “system expansion via substitution” to avoid allocation when a unit process yields multiple co-products.
Complementary documents in the ISO 19870-X series will consider hydrogen production and other
conditioning, conversion and transport methods.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
ISO 14001:2015, Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use
ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework
ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines
ISO 14044:2006/Amd 2:2020, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and
guidelines — Amendment 2
ISO 14064-1:2006, Greenhouse gases — Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for
quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals
ISO 14067:2018, Greenhouse gases — Carbon footprint of products — Requirements and guidelines for
quantification
ISO/TS 14071:2014, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Critical review processes and
reviewer competencies: Additional requirements and guidelines to ISO 14044:2006
ISO 14083:2023, Greenhouse gases — Quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions arising from
transport chain operations
ISO/DIS 19870-1, Hydrogen technologies — Methodology for determining the greenhouse gas emissions
associated with the hydrogen supply chain — Part 1: Emissions associated with the production of hydrogen to
production gate
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1 Terms related to the quantification of the carbon footprint of a product
3.1.1
allocation
partitioning the input (3.2.8) or output (3.2.10) flows of a process (3.2.13) or a product system (3.2.3) between
the product system under study and one or more other product systems
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19870-1]
3.1.2
carbon footprint of a product
CFP
sum of greenhouse gas emission (3.1.12) and greenhouse gas removal (3.1.4) in a product system (3.2.3),
expressed as CO2 equivalent (3.1.10) and based on a life cycle assessment (3.4.5) using the single impact
category of climate change
Note 1 to entry: The results of the quantification of CFP (3.1.8) are documented in the CFP study (3.1.5) report expressed
in mass of CO2e (3.1.10) per functional unit (3.2.14).
Note 2 to entry: A CFP can be disaggregated into a set of figures identifying specific GHG emission (3.1.12) and GHG
removal (3.1.4). A CFP can also be disaggregated into the stages of the life cycle (3.4.4).
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
3.1.3
partial CFP
sum of greenhouse gas emissions (3.1.12) and greenhouse gas removals (3.1.4) of one or more selected
process(es) in a product system (3.2.3) expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent (3.1.10) and based on the
selected stages or processes within the life cycle (3.4.4)
Note 1 to entry: A partial CFP is based on or compiled from data related to (a) specific process(es) or footprint
information modules (defined in ISO 14026:2017, 3.1.4), which is (are) part of a product system (3.2.3) and can form the
basis for quantification of a carbon footprint of a product (CFP). More detailed information on information modules is
given in ISO14025:2006, 5.4.
Note 2 to entry: The results of the quantification of the partial CFP are documented in the CFP study report expressed
in mass of CO2e (3.1.10) per declared unit.
Note 3 to entry: In this document, partial CFP of ammonia extends from raw material extraction up to the
consumption gate.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.4
greenhouse gas removal
GHG removal
withdrawal of a greenhouse gas (3.1.9) from the atmosphere
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.5
CFP study
all activities that are necessary to quantify and report the carbon footprint of a product (3.1.2) or a partial
CFP (3.1.3)
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.6
product category
group of products that can fulfil equivalent functions
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.7
production batch
amount of products produced by a device between any two points in time selected by the operator
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.8
quantification of CFP
activities that result in the determination of the carbon footprint of a product (3.1.2) or a partial CFP (3.1.3)
Note 1 to entry: Quantification of the carbon footprint of a product (3.1.2) or the partial CFP (3.1.3) is part of the CFP
study (3.1.5).
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.9
greenhouse gas
GHG
gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs and emits radiation
at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, the
atmosphere and clouds
Note 1 to entry: For a list of greenhouse gases (3.1.9), see the latest IPCC Assessment Report.

ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
Note 2 to entry: Water vapour and ozone, which are anthropogenic as well as natural greenhouse gases (3.1.9), are not
included in the carbon footprint of a product (3.1.2).
Note 3 to entry: The focus of this document is limited to long-lived GHGs and it therefore excludes climate effects due
to changes in surface reflectivity (albedo) and short-lived radiative forcing agents (e.g. black carbon and aerosols).
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.10
carbon dioxide equivalent
CO equivalent
CO e
unit for comparing the radiative forcing of a greenhouse gas (3.1.9) to that of carbon dioxide
Note 1 to entry: Mass of a greenhouse gas is converted into CO equivalents by multiplying the mass of the greenhouse gas
(3.1.9) by the corresponding global warming potential (3.1.11) or global temperature change potential (GTP) of that gas.
Note 2 to entry: In the case of GTP, CO equivalent is the unit for comparing the change in global mean surface
temperature caused by a greenhouse gas to the temperature change caused by carbon dioxide.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.11
global warming potential
GWP
index, based on radiative properties of greenhouse gases (3.1.9) (GHG) measuring the radiative forcing
following a pulse emission of a unit mass of a given GHG in the present-day atmosphere integrated over a
chosen time horizon, relative to that of carbon dioxide (CO )
Note 1 to entry: “Index” as used in this document is a “characterization factor” as defined in ISO 14040:2006, 3.37.
Note 2 to entry: A “pulse emission” is an emission at one point in time.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.12
greenhouse gas emission
GHG emission
release of a greenhouse gas (3.1.9) into the atmosphere
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.13
greenhouse gas emission factor
GHG emission factor
coefficient relating activity data with the greenhouse gas emission (3.1.12)
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.14
capital goods emission
CAPEX emission
GHG emissions (3.1.12) related to the manufacturing of capital goods
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.15
subdivision
virtual subdivision
decomposition of a unit process into physically or virtually distinguishable sub-process steps with the
possibility to collect data exclusively for those sub-processes
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
3.1.16
hydrogen
gas mainly composed of hydrogen molecules.
Note 1 to entry: A hydrogen molecule is referred to as H .
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.17
ammonia
gas or liquid mainly composed of ammonia molecules. Usually this refers to commercial grade anhydrous
ammonia, rather than aqueous ammonia
Note 1 to entry: An ammonia molecule is referred to as NH .
Note 2 to entry: The typical composition of commercial grade anhydrous ammonia is given in Annex A.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-3, Annex A]
3.1.18
physical relationship
relation between co-products (3.2.4) based on a chosen physical characteristic (e.g. mass, energy content, volume)
Note 1 to entry: A physical relationship can be used to:
a) allocate input flows to co-products (3.2.4) based on the specific function the inputs perform in relation to the
individual co-products (3.2.4); and/or
b) allocate GHG emissions (3.1.12) to the individual co-products (3.2.4).
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.1.19
liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC)
liquid material that can store hydrogen reversibly via hydrogenation and dehydrogenation
Note 1 to entry: Also referred to as carrier material.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-4]
3.2 Terms related to products, product systems and processes
3.2.1
product
any goods or service
Note 1 to entry: The product can be categorized as follows:
— services (e.g. transport);
— software (e.g. computer program, dictionary);
— hardware (e.g. engine mechanical part);
— processed materials (e.g. lubricant).
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.2.2
product flow
products (3.2.1) entering from or leaving to another product system (3.2.3)
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
3.2.3
product system
collection of unit processes with elementary flows (3.2.15) and product flows (3.2.2), performing one or more
defined functions and which models the life cycle (3.4.4) of a product (3.2.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.2.4
co-product
one of two or more products (3.2.1) coming from the same unit process or product system (3.2.3) that is not
considered waste (3.4.15)
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.2.5
conditioning
changing the physical conditions (e.g. temperature, pressure) of ammonia for the purpose of its storage or
transport
Note 1 to entry: In this document, examples are changing the pressure of gaseous ammonia or liquefying gaseous
ammonia.
3.2.6
conversion
changing an input characterized by specific physical and chemical characteristics in an output characterized
by different physical and chemical characteristics
Note 1 to entry: If the chemical characteristics are unchanged there is no conversion.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.2.7
heating value
amount of energy released when a fuel is burned completely
Note 1 to entry: Care must be taken not to confuse higher heating values (HHVs) and lower heating values (LHVs).
3.2.8
input
product (3.2.1), material or energy flow (3.2.16) that enters a unit process
Note 1 to entry: Products (3.2.1) and materials include raw materials, intermediate products (3.2.9) and co-products
(3.2.4).
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.2.9
intermediate product
output (3.2.10) from a unit process that is input (3.2.8) to other unit processes that requires further
transformation within the system
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.2.10
output
product (3.2.1), material or energy flow (3.2.16) that leaves a unit process (3.2.13)
Note 1 to entry: Products (3.2.1), and materials include raw materials, intermediate products (3.2.9), co-products (3.2.4)
and releases (3.4.10).
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
3.2.11
system boundary
boundary based on a set of criteria representing which unit processes (3.2.13) are a part of the system
under study
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.2.12
system expansion
concept of expanding the product system (3.2.3) to include additional functions related to the co-products (3.2.4)
Note 1 to entry: The product system (3.2.3) that is substituted by the co-product (3.2.4) is integrated in the product
system (3.2.3) under study. In practice, the co-products (3.2.4) are compared to other substitutable products, and the
environmental burdens associated with the substituted product(s) are subtracted from the product system (3.2.3)
under study. The identification of this substituted system is done in the same way as the identification of the upstream
system for intermediate product (3.2.9) input (3.2.8). See also ISO/TR 14049:2012, 6.4.
Note 2 to entry: The application of system expansion (3.2.12) involves an understanding of the market for the co-
products (3.2.4). Decisions about system expansion (3.2.12) can be improved through understanding the way co-
products (3.2.4) compete with other products, as well as the effects of any product substitution upon production
practices in the industries impacted by the co-products (3.2.4).
Note 3 to entry: Can be referred to as system expansion (3.2.12) and also as expanding the system boundary (3.2.11).
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.2.13
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities that transforms inputs (3.2.8) into outputs (3.2.10)
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.2.14
functional unit
quantified performance of a product system (3.2.3) for use as a reference unit
Note 1 to entry: As the carbon footprint of a product treats information on a product basis, an additional calculation
based on a declared unit can be presented.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.2.15
elementary flow
material or energy entering the system being studied that has been drawn from the environment without
previous human transformation, or material or energy leaving the system being studied that is released into
the environment without subsequent human transformation
Note 1 to entry: “Environment” is defined in ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.1.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.2.16
energy flow
input (3.2.8) to or output (3.2.10) from a unit process or product system (3.2.3), quantified in energy units
Note 1 to entry: Energy flow that is an input can be called an energy input; energy flow that is an output can be called
an energy output.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
3.2.17
feedstock
material input to the ammonia plant that is not generated at the ammonia production plant (or ammonia
cracking plant) itself
Note 1 to entry: A non-exhaustive list can include:
— natural gas (e.g. for steam methane reforming);
— biomethane/ernewable natural gas (e.g. for steam methane reforming) Note: In many European countries,
methane sourced from the degradation of biomass under anaerobic conditions is referred to as “biomethane”. In
the United States, it is referred to as “Renewable Natural Gas” or “RNG”;
— biomass;
— coal (e.g. for gasification);
— liquid hydrocarbons (e.g. for catalytic reforming of naphtha);
— biogenic waste (e.g. for gasification);
— non-biogenic waste (e.g. for gasification);
— oxygen (e.g. for autothermal reforming);
— water (e.g. for water electrolysis);
— steam;
— hydrogen;
— nitrogen.
For ammonia cracking for hydrogen production, ammonia will be a feedstock.
Note 2 to entry: If an ammonia production or an ammonia cracking plant both generates and utilizes a material (e.g.
steam), only the portion that is received by the ammonia production or the ammonia cracking plant from an external
source is considered to be a feedstock. For example, steam generated within the ammonia production or ammonia
cracking plant system boundary for use at the ammonia production or ammonia cracking plant is not considered to be
a feedstock.
[SOURCE: modified from ISO 19870-1]
3.2.18
production gate
location of the end-outlet of the product (3.2.1) that leaves the production system boundary
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.2.19
delivery gate
any location where the product (3.2.1) is transferred from one operator to another
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.2.20
consumption gate
location of the final delivery of the product (3.2.1) to its end-use
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
3.3 Transport
3.3.1
cargo
goods or sets of goods (liquid, solid or gaseous) transported from one place to another on a means of
transport (3.3.4)
3.3.2
consignment
separately identifiable amount of freight (3.3.3) transported from one consignor to one consignee via one or
more modes of transport
EXAMPLE Although “consignment” and “shipment” are common terms often considered as synonyms, in this
document and other technical publications, a consignment is differentiated to a shipment. Indeed, a shipment refers to
a grouping of freight corresponding to the shipper needs, whereas a consignment refers a grouping of freight according
to a carrier or freight forwarder’s transport solutions.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.4]
3.3.3
freight
goods, materials, commodities, parcels, etc. being transported from one location to another
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.7]
3.3.4
means of transport
modes of transport such as inland waterway, pipeline, rail and road that are used for the transport of freight
3.3.5
transport
movement of freight (3.3.3) from one location to another performed by modes of transport
Note 1 to entry: The term “transport” in general is used for movement supported by means.
3.3.6
vehicle
any means of transport (3.3.4)
Note 1 to entry: Within this standard, this definition includes vessels, trains, and trucks. Pipelines are not considered
a vehicle.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.35, modified Note 1 to entry]
3.3.7
hub
location where passengers transfer and/or freight (3.3.3) is transferred from one vehicle (3.3.6) or mode of
transport to another before, after or between different elements of a transport chain
Note 1 to entry: Hubs include, but are not limited to, rail/road terminals, cross-docking sites, airport terminals,
terminals at seaports and distribution centres.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.8]
3.3.8
hub operation
operation in order to transfer freight (3.3.3) or passengers through a hub (3.3.7)
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.11]

ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
3.3.9
hub operation category
HOC
group of hub operation (3.3.8) that share similar characteristics
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.12]
3.3.10
hub service
service provided within a hub transport chain element
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.14]
3.3.11
transport chain
sequence of elements related to freight (3.3.3) or a (group of) passenger(s) that, when taken together,
constitutes its movement from an origin to a destination
Note 1 to entry: A passenger or a group of passengers can include their luggage and, if any, their vehicles.
Note 2 to entry: Where there are two or more elements, in the majority of cases, one of them implies that the freight
(3.3.3) or passengers use a hub (3.3.7).
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.25]
3.3.12
transport chain element
TCE
section of a transport chain within which the freight (3.3.3) or a (group of) passenger(s) is carried by a
single vehicle (3.3.6) or transits through a single hub (3.3.7)
EXAMPLE If a multimodal trip of a passenger includes taking a bus from stop “L4” to stop “L7” of bus line “L”, then
one TCE is the trip of the passenger from “L4” to “L7”.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.26]
3.3.13
transport operation
operation of a vehicle (3.3.6) in order to transport passengers and/or freight (3.3.3)
EXAMPLE If a multimodal trip of a passenger includes taking a bus from stop “L4” to stop “L7” of bus line “L”, this
requires a transport operation being the operation of this bus on line “L”, from the first stop “L1” to the last stop of this
bus line.
Note 1 to entry: It includes cases where the destination is the same as the origin passing through other locations on
the way.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.28]
3.3.14
transport operation category
TOC
group of transport operations (3.3.13) that share similar characteristics
Note 1 to entry: ISO 14083:2023, Annexes A-G contain recommendations for the characteristics used to specify the
TOCs for each transport mode.
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.29]
3.3.15
transport service
service provided to a user for the transport of freight (3.3.3) from an origin to a destination
[SOURCE: ISO 14083:2023, 3.1.31]

ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
3.4 Terms related to life cycle assessment
3.4.1
cut-off criteria
specification of the amount of material or energy flow (3.2.16) or the level of significance of greenhouse gas
emissions (3.1.12) associated with unit processes or the product system (3.2.3) to be excluded from a CFP
study (3.1.5)
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.4.2
evaluation
element within the life cycle interpretation phase intended to establish confidence in the results of the life
cycle assessment (3.4.5)
Note 1 to entry: Evaluation includes completeness check, sensitivity check, consistency check, and any other validation
that may be required according to the goal and scope definition of the study.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.4.3
fugitive emissions
emissions that are not physically controlled but result from the intentional or unintentional releases (3.4.10)
of GHGs (3.1.9)
Note 1 to entry: They commonly arise from the production, processing, transmission, storage, and use of fuels and
other chemicals, often through joints, seals, packing, gaskets, etc.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.4.4
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages related to a product (3.2.1), from raw material acquisition or generation
from natural resources to end-of-life treatment
Note 1 to entry: “Raw material” is defined in ISO 14040:2006, 3.15.
Note 2 to entry: Stages of a life cycle related to a product include raw material acquisition, production, distribution,
use and end-of-life treatment.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.4.5
life cycle assessment
LCA
compilation and evaluation of the inputs (3.2.8), outputs (3.2.10) and the potential environmental impacts of
a product (3.2.1) throughout its life cycle (3.4.4)
Note 1 to entry: “Environmental impact” is defined in ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.4.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.4.6
life cycle inventory analysis
LCI
phase of life cycle assessment (3.4.5) involving the compilation and quantification of inputs (3.2.8) and outputs
(3.2.10) for a product throughout its life cycle (3.4.4)
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
ISO/DIS 19870-3:2026(en)
3.4.7
location-based approach
approach using the average emissions intensity of energy and feedstocks (e.g. electricity) supplied for
utilization within a specific region
Note 1 to entry: This uses mostly grid-average emission factors in the location in which energy consumption occurs.
[SOURCE: ISO 19870-1]
3.4.8
market-based approach
method to assign the attributes of the product (3.2.1) produced by a specific producer to the product
...