ISO 7176-30:2018

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7176-30
First edition
2018-12
Wheelchairs —
Part 30:
Wheelchairs for changing occupant
posture — Test methods and
requirements
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
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ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Test methods . 3
4.1 General principle . 3
4.2 Test preparation . 3
4.3 Determining the maximum drivable configuration . 4
4.4 Order of testing . 4
5 General requirements . 4
5.1 Application . 4
5.2 Static stability . 4
5.3 Dynamic stability of electrically powered wheelchairs . 5
5.4 Efficiency of brakes . 6
5.5 Overall dimensions . 6
5.6 Strength tests. 6
5.6.1 General. 6
5.6.2 Multi drum test . 6
5.6.3 Seat impact strength - Test method . 7
5.7 Wheelchairs for use as a seat in a motor vehicle . 8
5.8 Climatic tests for wheelchairs for changing occupant postures . 9
5.9 Back support strength . 9
5.10 Requirements for the operation force of levers . 9
6 Specific requirements for electrically powered wheelchairs and scooters. .9
6.1 Electrical, power and other controls and mechanisms . 9
6.2 Theoretical range/postural cycles of electrically powered wheelchairs and
scooters due to the energy consumption of the OABSS .10
6.2.1 For OABSS’s which share a power source with the wheelchair’s drive
system — Modified theoretical range.10
6.2.2 For OABSS’s which have a separate power source dedicated to the OABSS
— Theoretical cycle capacity . .10
6.3 Test methods of maximum speed of electrically powered wheelchairs .11
6.4 Obstacle climbing — Determination of obstacle climbing ability of electrically
powered wheelchairs .11
7 Specific requirements for wheelchairs with either an electrically or manually
operated body support system for occupant not exceeding 150 kg - Back support
applied wheelchair tip fatigue strength .11
7.1 General .11
7.2 Requirement .11
7.3 Test method .12
8 Back-support adjustment force test (unlocked) for reclining type wheelchair .13
9 Specific requirements for wheelchairs with stand-up mechanisms .14
9.1 Strength test for wheelchairs that incorporate a stand-up mechanism with lower
leg support .14
9.1.1 General.14
9.1.2 Test methods .14
9.2 Strength test for the wheelchairs for changing occupant posture which has stand-
up mechanism with hip/upper torso support .15
9.2.1 General.15
9.2.2 Test methods .16
10 Requirements for information disclosure .17
11 Test report .17
Annex A (informative) Recommendations for lower leg support of the wheelchair with
stand-up mechanism .19
Bibliography .20
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173, Assistive products, Subcommittee
SC 1, Wheelchairs.
A list of all parts in the ISO 7176 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
Introduction
Wheelchairs which can alter the occupant's position in relation to the ground, in one or multiple planes
can be an important factor in the appropriate selection of a wheelchair for people with disability and/or
aged persons. These wheelchairs and their adjustable body support system can allow the occupant to
engage in their environment, or assist in altering pressure distribution and/or postural position.
These features include but are not limited to:
— recline (where the angle of a back support can be changed),
— tilt (where the angle of a seat surface can be changed),
— elevate (where the seat height changes in the vertical plane), and
— stand-up function (where the back support, seat surface, arm supports, lower leg and foot supports
can be changed to support the occupant in a standing position).
vi © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7176-30:2018(E)
Wheelchairs —
Part 30:
Wheelchairs for changing occupant posture — Test
methods and requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies the test methods and requirements for determining the safety and
performance of a manual and/or power wheelchair that incorporates technology to alter the posture
of the wheelchair occupant, which are either electrically or manually operated by the occupant or
assistant during normal wheelchair use. This can include recline, tilt, elevate and stand-up mechanisms
or a combination of these. In order for a wheelchair to be able to recline, tilt, elevate and/or stand-
up, the wheelchair requires additional mechanisms and mechanical structures to allow these features
to operate. This document specifies the different functional and strength tests required to test these
wheelchairs in critical configurations of their adjustable range.
This document does not cover wheelchairs where the only operator adjustable body support system
(OABSS) is adjustable limb or head postural support devices alone (e.g. elevating leg supports).
This document does not include wheelchair and postural support device customization during initial or
subsequent setup of a wheelchair for an individual occupant. It also does not reflect other factors that
can influence wheelchair stability such as occupant movement, cushion thickness, and the addition of
ancillary equipment (e.g. respiratory support items).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7176-1:2014, Wheelchairs — Part 1: Determination of static stability
ISO 7176-2:2017, Wheelchairs — Part 2: Determination of dynamic stability of electrically powered
wheelchairs
ISO 7176-3:2012, Wheelchairs — Part 3: Determination of effectiveness of brakes
ISO 7176-4:2008, Wheelchairs — Part 4: Energy consumption of electric wheelchairs and scooters for
determination of theoretical distance range
ISO 7176-5:2008, Wheelchairs — Part 5: Determination of dimensions, mass and manoeuvring space
ISO 7176-6:2001, Wheelchairs — Part 6: Determination of maximum speed of electrically powered
wheelchairs
ISO 7176-8:2014, Wheelchairs — Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue
strengths
ISO 7176-9, Wheelchairs — Part 9: Climatic tests for electric wheelchairs
ISO 7176-10, Wheelchairs — Part 10: Determination of obstacle-climbing ability of electrically powered
wheelchairs
ISO 7176-11, Wheelchairs — Part 11: Test dummies
ISO 7176-14, Wheelchairs — Part 14: Power and control systems for electrically powered wheelchairs and
scooters — Requirements and test methods
ISO 7176-15, Wheelchairs — Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling
ISO 7176-19, Wheelchairs — Part 19: Wheeled mobility devices for use as seats in motor vehicles
ISO 7176-21, Wheelchairs — Part 21: Requirements and test methods for electromagnetic compatibility of
electrically powered wheelchairs and scooters, and battery chargers
ISO 7176-25, Wheelchairs — Part 25: Batteries and chargers for powered wheelchairs
ISO 7176-26, Wheelchairs — Part 26: Vocabulary
ISO 16840-3:2014, Wheelchair seating — Part 3: Determination of static, impact and repetitive load
strengths for postural support devices
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7176-26 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
operator adjustable body support system
OABSS
postural support adjustable without tools and while occupied, that together change the posture of the
wheelchair occupant
Note 1 to entry: These include recline, tilt, elevate and stand-up systems, but do not include adjustable limb or
head postural support devices alone (e.g. elevating leg supports).
3.2
mechanism
system that provides the means for transitioning elements of the OABSS (3.1) from one position to another
Note 1 to entry: For some functions, a mechanism can be able to move multiple postural support devices (e.g. a
stand-up wheelchair system that can move upper torso support and lower leg support of the wheelchair), while
for some other functions a mechanism can be simple (e.g. a mechanical back support recline).
3.3
seated reference configuration
SRC
reference configuration of the body support system where no OABSS mechanisms are operated
Note 1 to entry: Position the test dummy in a posture close to the seated reference position as defined in
ISO 16840-1.
Note 2 to entry: In this configuration, the body support systems most closely match the setup requirements of
ISO 7176-22 for the wheelchair.
Note 3 to entry: If the body support system elevates, adjust its elevation to achieve a ground clearance of 50 mm
beneath the foot supports after appropriate adjustment of leg supports.
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

3.4
maximum adjustment configuration
MAC
configuration of the OABSS (3.1) that is the greatest change from the SRC (3.3), within the limits of
normal human anatomical movement (toward full extension of all joints) and in this position adjusted
to the greatest height of the occupant centre of mass
Note 1 to entry: For tilt, this would result in the maximum possible rearward rotation of the OABSS.
3.5
maximum driveable configuration
MDC
OABSS configuration closest to the MAC (3.4) which still allows the operator to effectively move the
wheelchair in the horizontal plane to change location
Note 1 to entry: These configurations are described by the manufacturer and identified in the operator’s manual.
Note 2 to entry: It does not include reduced speed settings that allow the operator to slightly adjust position
relative to a fixed object (e.g. to approach a bench).
3.6
stabilizing device
equipment fitted to a wheelchair that can be deployed (by the operator or automatically) to increase
the base of support (area within all points of ground contact) of the wheelchair to improve its static
stability
4 Test methods
4.1 General principle
The testing of multiple configurations required by this document requires careful planning to optimize
efficiency of tests. In some cases, tests in one configuration might automatically meet the requirements
of another configuration. Some protocols aim to test the performance and properties of the OABSS and
its effect on the wheelchair as a whole, while others focus on individual system requirements. A test
facility's rationale for determining that a particular configuration meets the requirements of another
configuration shall be reported in the test report. Test facilities shall indicate how they have achieved
the intended outcome for each test setup in the OABSS configuration selected.
EXAMPLE Least stable – forward: by extending & raising the leg supports, putting the back support
in minimal recline and maximum forward tilt, the combined centre of mass is as close to the front castors as
possible.
4.2 Test preparation
Select a test dummy or a human occupant as specified in ISO 7176-11 of mass equal to the maximum
occupant mass specified by the manufacturer for all cases except for static stability testing. Until
ISO 7176-11 is revised to incorporate centres of mass advice for test dummies in the supine position,
the "least stable" test of static stability (5.2 in this document) will usually occur with a test dummy of
100 kg mass or the maximum allowable mass and consequently both conditions shall be tested
The test dummy shall be held in place for testing with the knee/lower leg, the hip/upper torso and any
other supports provided on the wheelchairs for changing occupant posture. If these supports are not
adequate for supporting the test dummy, then straps with an elastic modulus of 2 N/mm to 5 N/mm of
extension can be used in areas where needed.
A human test occupant may be used instead of a test dummy. The mass and mass distribution of the
human occupant shall be within the tolerances specified in ISO 7176-11. This can be achieved by adding
weights to the human occupant.
WARNING — Where a human test occupant is used, it is essential that appropriate precautions
be taken to ensure the person’s safety.
4.3 Determining the maximum drivable configuration
Fit the wheelchair with the test dummy or a human as specified in 4.2.
Determine the OABSS configuration closest to the MAC which still allows the wheelchair to move in the
horizontal plane:
— and traverse up a step of 10 mm ± 2 mm, and
— for electrically powered wheelchairs, achieve a speed greater than 0,2 m/s.
ISO 7176-10 sets a nominal initial step height of 10 mm. If a different height is selected, this shall be
reported in the test report against the description of the MDC. Where multiple configurations are
possible, multiple MACs should be assessed using an iterative approach where necessary.
Movement that results through the operation of a freewheel mode is not considered as part of this
configuration (i.e. gearboxes/motors shall remain engaged throughout the test).
If the operator’s manual requires the operation of parking brakes prior to a particular OABSS adjustment,
the wheelchair is not considered to be able to move in the horizontal plane for that adjustment.
Record the settings of the wheelchair in this configuration as the MDC.
4.4 Order of testing
Wheelchair testing shall be in any order of the ISO 7176 series, although most laboratories will choose
to complete ISO 7176-8 as the final tests.
If the wheelchair meets multiple maximum configurations (full stand vs full recline), it shall be tested in
the MAC or MDC of the multiple configurations which apply unless certain configuration combinations
are not possible. Under circumstances where multiple maximum configurations are not possible to
be used in combination or are not recommended by the manufacturer (and these recommendations
are clearly indicated by sufficient labelling), then the wheelchair shall be tested in the maximum
recommended inclination, raise or stand as specified by the manufacturer. Such test configurations
shall be clearly documented in the test report.
Disconnecting interlocks is not required.
5 General requirements
5.1 Application
This clause applies to all wheelchairs for changing occupant posture.
5.2 Static stability
Test the wheelchair in accordance with ISO 7176-1 with the following changes:
a) Add the configurations from Table 1 of this document which lists extra configurations for static
testing to ISO 7176-1, to Tables 1 to 3 of ISO 7176-1:2014.
b) Where the wheelchair deploys stabilizing devices in certain configurations:
1) The "least stable" configuration is likely to occur prior to these devices contacting the ground.
4 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

2) Stability for the relevant clause of ISO 7176-1 should be recorded in this "least stable"
configuration, and again when the device is in the maximum adjustable configuration with
stabilizing devices fully deployed.
3) If it is possible for the operator to switch off the deployment of or remove (without tools)
stabilizing devices, each relevant test in ISO 7176-1 shall be repeated in the "least stable"
configuration without deploying the stabilizing devices.
4) Replace Table 4 of ISO 7176-1:2014 with Table 2 of this document which lists static stability
test results of OABSS.
Table 1 — Extra configurations for static testing according to ISO 7176-1
Adjustable wheelchair component Least stable Most stable
a b
Body support system, supporting occupant Full standing setting Seated setting
in standing
Whole body elevating postural support Highest elevation Lowest elevation
a
Holding occupant in an upright standing position with hips and knees fully extended (if possible).
b
Supporting occupant in a typical se
...