ISO 16063-22:2005

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16063-22
First edition
2005-06-01
Methods for the calibration of vibration
and shock transducers —
Part 22:
Shock calibration by comparison to
a reference transducer
Méthodes pour l'étalonnage des transducteurs de vibrations
et de chocs —
Partie 22: Étalonnage de chocs par comparaison à un transducteur
de référence
Reference number
©
ISO 2005
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Uncertainty of measurement. 2
5 Apparatus. 3
5.1 General considerations. 3
2 2
5.2 Anvil shock calibrators (100 m/s to 100 km/s ) . 3
5.3 Hopkinson bar shock calibrators . 8
5.4 Oscilloscope. 9
5.5 Waveform recorder with computer interface . 9
5.6 Computer with data-processing capability . 10
5.7 Filters. 10
5.8 Other requirements. 10
6 Ambient conditions. 10
7 Preferred accelerations and pulse durations.10
8 Method. 11
8.1 Test procedure. 11
8.2 Data acquisition. 11
8.3 Signal processing. 11
9 Reporting the calibration results. 15
Annex A (normative) Expression of uncertainty of measurement in calibration . 16
Annex B (informative) Uncertainty examples — Expression of uncertainty of measurement in
calibration . 19
Bibliography . 22

Foreword
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(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
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established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16063-22 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock,
Subcommittee SC 3, Use and calibration of vibration and shock measuring instruments.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 5347-4:1993, which has been technically revised.
ISO 16063 consists of the following parts, under the general title Methods for the calibration of vibration and
shock transducers:
 Part 1: Basic concepts
 Part 11: Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometry
 Part 12: Primary vibration calibration by the reciprocity method
 Part 13: Primary shock calibration using laser interferometry
 Part 15: Primary angular vibration calibration by laser interferometry
 Part 21: Vibration calibration by comparison to a reference transducer
 Part 22: Shock calibration by comparison to a reference transducer
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16063-22:2005(E)

Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock
transducers —
Part 22:
Shock calibration by comparison to a reference transducer
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16063 specifies the instrumentation and procedures to be used for secondary shock
calibration of rectilinear transducers, using a reference acceleration, velocity or force measurement for the
1)
time-dependent shock. The methods are applicable in a shock pulse duration range of 0,05 ms to 8,0 ms,
2 2
and a dynamic range (peak value) of 100 m/s to 100 km/s (time-dependent). The methods allow the
transducer shock sensitivity (i.e. the relationship between the peak values of the transducer output quantity
and the acceleration) to be obtained.
These methods are not intended for the calibration of dynamic force transducers used in modal analysis.
NOTE 1 This part of ISO 16063 is aimed at users engaged in shock measurements requiring traceability as stated in
ISO 9001 and ISO/IEC 17025.
NOTE 2 The methods specified in this part of ISO 16063 are based on the measurement of the time history of the
acceleration. These methods fundamentally deviate from another shock calibration method that is based on the principle
of the change in velocity, described in ISO 16063-1. The shock sensitivity therefore differs fundamentally from the shock
calibration factor obtained by the latter method, but is in compliance with the shock sensitivity stated in ISO 16063-13.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2041, Vibration and shock — Vocabulary
ISO 5347-22, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock pick-ups — Part 22: Accelerometer resonance
2)
testing — General methods
ISO 16063-1:1998, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers — Part 1: Basic concepts
ISO 18431-2, Mechanical vibration and shock — Signal processing — Part 2: Time domain windows for
Fourier Transform analysis
1) In exceptional cases, shorter or longer shock pulse durations are possible.
2) Under revision to become a part of ISO 16063.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041 and the following apply.
3.1
peak value
maximum value of the magnitude or absolute value of the shock pulse
4 Uncertainty of measurement
The limits of the uncertainty of shock sensitivity measurement are as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Uncertainty reference conditions for secondary shock calibration
Acceleration peak
Minimum pulse
a a,b
magnitude duration
Shock calibrator apparatus Uncertainty limit
km/s ms
Pendulum 1,5 3 5 %
Dropball 100 0,100 5 %
Pneumatically operated piston 100 0,100 5 %
c c
Hopkinson bar with velocity comparison 100 0,050 10 %
c c
Hopkinson bar with acceleration comparison 100 0,050 6 %
c c
Split Hopkinson bar with force comparison 100 0,050 10 %
a
Variations in peak values and duration = ±10 %.
b
Pulse duration is measured at 10 % of the peak value (see Clause 7).
c
Larger accelerations (peak values) and shorter pulse durations are possible but without reference to primary methodologies.

The uncertainty of measurement is expressed as the expanded relative measurement uncertainty in
accordance with ISO 16063-1 (briefly referred to as “uncertainty”). The specified uncertainties are based on a
coverage factor k = 2 that is a coverage probability of about 95 %.
The uncertainty specifications of Table 1 can be achieved as long as the spectral energy produced by the
excitation of any mode of resonance inherent in the transducer or shock machine structure during calibration
is small relative to the spectral energy contained in the frequency range of calibration. The transducer
resonance testing shall be performed in accordance with ISO 5347-22.
NOTE For the calibration of transducers of high accuracy (e.g. reference transducers) and if great care is taken to
keep all uncertainty components small enough to comply with the specifications (see uncertainty budgets in Annex A),
smaller uncertainties than stated in Table 1 may be achievable. For the pendulum shock calibrator, the dropball shock
calibrator and the pneumatically operated piston shock calibrator, an uncertainty of 1 % has been obtained in an
2 2 [1]
interlaboratory comparison covering acceleration peak values from 200 m/s to 2 000 m/s .
The acceleration peak magnitude may be expressed in terms of the standard acceleration due to gravity,
2 2
symbol g (1 g = 9,806 65 m/s ; 1,5 km/s ≈ 150 g ).
n n n
The shortest shock duration applicable to a transducer according to the manufacturer’s specification shall be
taken into account to avoid increasing the measurement uncertainty and damaging or destroying the
transducer.
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

5 Apparatus
5.1 General considerations
All surfaces on which transducers (the reference or the transducer under test) are mounted shall be polished,
flat and clean. The surface on which the transducer is to be mounted shall have a roughness value, expressed
as the arithmetical mean deviation, Ra, of less than 1 µm. The flatness shall be such that the surface is
contained between two parallel planes 5 µm apart, over the area corresponding to the maximum mounting
surface of any transducer to be calibrated. The drilled and tapped hole for connecting the transducer shall
have a perpendicularity tolerance to the surface of less than 10 µm; i.e. the centreline of the hole shall be
contained in a cylindrical zone of 10 µm diameter and a height equal to the hole depth. Appropriate screw and
bolt torque may be found in numerous references and are chosen according to the mounting surface material.
The recommendations of the transducer manufacturer shall be followed in all cases.
2 2
5.2 Anvil shock calibrators (100 m/s to 100 km/s )
5.2.1 General considerations
This clause gives recommended specifications for the anvil shock calibrators to obtain the uncertainties of
Clause 4. When back-to-back calibrations are performed with the dropball shock calibrator or the
pneumatically operated piston shock calibrator, it is recommended that the transducer under test be mounted
directly on top of the reference transducer as shown in Figure 1. This mounting is not recommended for
pendulum shock calibrators, see 5.2.2 and Figure 3. For best accuracy, test transducers and mounting fixtures
should not have dimensions or masses si
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