ISO/PRF 21175-1

DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 21175-1
ISO/TC 184/SC 5
Automation systems and
Secretariat: ANSI
integration — Collaboration
Voting begins on:
Environment Requirements
2025-04-07
of Simulation on Different
Voting terminates on:
Manufacturing Platforms —
2025-06-30
Part 1:
Reference Model and Process
ICS: 25.040.40; 35.240.50
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Reference number
ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
DRAFT
ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 21175-1
ISO/TC 184/SC 5
Automation systems and
Secretariat: ANSI
integration — Collaboration
Voting begins on:
Environment Requirements
of Simulation on Different
Voting terminates on:
Manufacturing Platforms —
Part 1:
Reference Model and Process
ICS: 25.040.40; 35.240.50
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
© ISO 2025
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
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Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
ii
ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Conformity with this part of ISO XXXXX . 2
6 The General Framework of CMSE . 3
7 Joint simulation project analyzing . 6
8 Joint simulation project realizing . 6
8.1 Business & system describing .7
8.2 Software collaboration implementing . .9
8.3 Infrastructure collaboration supporting .10
Annex A (informative) Application of CMSE in the functional hierarchy of IEC 62264 .13
Annex B (informative) Example of use of CMSE in joint simulation project .15
Annex C (normative) The Legend of OPM .28
Bibliography .30

iii
ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO 21175-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 5.
ISO 21175 consists of the following parts, under the general title “Collaboration Environment Requirements
of Simulation on Different Manufacturing Platforms”:
Part 1: Reference model and process
The following parts are planned:
Part 2: Collaboration environment meta-model specification for business and system description
Part 3: Collaboration environment interface specification for software collaboration implementation
Part 4: Collaboration environment interface specification for infrastructure collaboration support.

iv
ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
Introduction
Open, sharing and self-organization on demand among group enterprises or small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs) of manufacturing in the product full life cycle is the trend for the future which calls
for deep collaboration within or among enterprises especially simulation-oriented model collaboration.
At present, collaboration within or among enterprises has developed from simple information based
collaboration, drawing based collaboration, 3D model based collaboration to simulation-oriented model
collaboration. Simulation-oriented model collaboration can support global enterprises, virtual enterprises
in industrial cluster and integrated product teams within enterprise to carry out joint innovation, complex
product research and development, virtual fabricate/test/operation/maintenance and other activities in the
product full life cycle, which is of great significance to innovate products and improve their time (to market),
[1]
quality, cost, and service, etc.
Nowadays, we can observe an expanding trend about all kinds of simulation-oriented model collaboration
related activities in the functional hierarchy of manufacturing systems. In the activities of business planning
& logistics, simulation-oriented model collaboration among different enterprise stakeholders is needed
to improve plant production scheduling, operational management, etc. In the activities of manufacturing
operations management, simulation-oriented model collaboration among different enterprise or department
stakeholders is needed to improve dispatching production, detailed production scheduling, etc. In the
activities of batch control, continuous control and discrete control, simulation-oriented model collaboration
among different department stakeholders is still needed to improve prediction and optimization.
In particular, with the deepening applications of technologies in the manufacturing system such as model
based system engineering, model engineering, cyber-physical system, digital twin, cognition & decision
[2-4]
intelligence (based on the deep reinforcement learning especially) which increase the requirements
of simulation-oriented model collaboration upon different manufacturing platforms. First, the development
scope of the simulation has expanded from the traditional Local Area Network to the global Internet.
Second, the deployment place of the simulation has expanded from the traditional desktop to the pervasive
terminal. Meanwhile, the operation form of the simulation has expanded from the traditional off-line small-
scale sequential verification to the on-line large-scale parallel analysis on demand.
The prerequisite for simulation-oriented model collaboration is simulation interoperability which now
is covered by several existing standards or specifications supporting distributed interactive simulation
[5,6] [7]
system like Discrete Event System Specification(DEVS), Distributed Interactive Simulation(DIS),
[8] [9]
High Level Architecture(HLA), Test and Training Enabling Architecture(TENA), Functional Mock-
[10-13]
up Interface(FMI)/System Structure and Parameterization(SSP), Distributed Co-Simulation
[14] [15]
Protocol(DCP) and FIWARE. The Distributed Simulation Engineering and Execution Process(DSEEP)
[16]
standard describes the different development steps of a distributed interactive simulation system which
is independent of any distributed interactive simulation architecture like HLA or DIS. However, there are
no formal standards existing for a kind of environment where all kinds of stakeholders involved in the joint
simulation project could improve collaboration to enable on-demand simulation at any time and any place
upon different manufacturing platforms with different infrastructures, operating systems, simulation
middleware. The common problems that exist in the current implementation of joint simulation projects
include requesting the infrastructure device by phone, integrating the software / model offline, and
running the simulation system manually, which bring great inconvenience to the projects. Therefore, a new
standard required for shielding distribution and heterogeneity of them to enable service-oriented share-
use, integration and collaboration, by providing the semantic and pragmatic guarantee plus the general and
neutral interface definition.
This part of ISO 21175 specifies the reference model (including collaboration environment meta-model and
collaboration environment interface) and the reference process (including joint simulation project analyzing,
joint simulation project realizing with the steps of business & system describing, software collaboration
implementing and infrastructure collaboration supporting) of the collaborative modeling and simulation
environment to promote the solution formulation of joint simulation projects.
The annexes provide additional information. Annex A introduces the functional hierarchy defined in
IEC 62264 and its relationship with this standard. Annex B shows an example of using collaborative modeling
and simulation environment in a joint simulation project. Annex C illustrates the legend of OPM used in this
standard text.
v
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
Automation systems and integration — Collaboration
Environment Requirements of Simulation on Different
Manufacturing Platforms —
Part 1:
Reference Model and Process
1 Scope
The purpose of this part of ISO 21175 is to specify a Reference Model and Process for Collaborative Modeling
and Simulation Environment (CMSE), which establishes a general framework of CMSE to provide guidance
for implementation of joint simulation projects. The CMSE which is based on the reference process and the
reference model including neutral interfaces and meta-models can enable service-oriented share-use of
the infrastructure, integration of the software and collaboration of the business to improve collaboration
among all kinds of stakeholders involved in a joint simulation project which needs on-demand simulation
at any time and any place upon different manufacturing platforms owned by different enterprises or by
different departments within an enterprise.
ISO 21175 can not only be applied to manufacturing enterprises but also be applied to other kinds of
enterprises. It is intended for use by stakeholders who are concerned with developing and deploying
solutions of the joint simulation project based on information and communication technology. It focuses
on simulation activities related cross-platform simulation collaboration capability supporting business
planning & logistics, manufacturing operations management and production control within or among
enterprises, which can cover the levels from 2 to 4 of the functional hierarchy of manufacturing systems in
IEC 62264-3.
This part of ISO 21175 specifies the following:
— the general framework of CMSE;
— the methodology of the joint simulation project analysis and realization by CMSE.
This part of ISO 21175 does not relate to the simulation irrelevant collaboration environment, and does not
specify the specific approach to implement CMSE in the solution formulation of joint simulation projects.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/

ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
3.1
simulation
use of a similar or equivalent system to imitate a real system, so that it behaves like or appears to be the
real system.
[SOURCE: ISO 16781:2021, 3.1.9]
3.2
simulation collaboration
process of two or more participants of a simulation activity working together to complete a simulation task.
Note 1 to entry: Collaboration is the process of two or more people, entities or organizations working together to
complete a task or achieve a goal. Simulation collaboration includes three aspects: collaborative modeling, collaborative
simulation and collaborative evaluation.
[SOURCE: IEEE 1730-2022]
3.3
platform
combination of an operating system and hardware that makes up the operating environment in which a
program runs.
Note 1 to entry: The platform includes infrastructure, operating system, simulation middleware which are depending
on a simulation activity.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 26513:2017, 3.30]
3.4
collaboration environment
a kind of software system which enables service-oriented share-use, integration and collaboration upon
different manufacturing platforms, by providing the semantic and pragmatic guarantee plus the general and
neutral interface definition, based on the interoperability of the manufacturing platforms.
Note 1 to entry: Interoperability defined in ISO/TS 15926-8:2011 is about ability of different types of computers,
networks, operating systems, and applications to work together effectively, without prior communication, in order to
exchange information in a useful and meaningful manner.
4 Abbreviated terms
DIS distributed interactive simulation
HLA high level architecture
TENA test and training enabling architecture
CMSE collaborative modeling and simulation environment
DEVS discrete event system specification
SES system entity structure
OPM object process methodology
OPD object process diagram
OPL object process language
5 Conformity with this part of ISO XXXXX
In order to claim conformity with this part of ISO 21175, any particular CMSE in the solution formulation
of joint simulation projects shall be able to be positioned within the general framework defined in this part

ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
of ISO 21175. This positioning shall be consisted of joint simulation project analyzing and joint simulation
project realizing which includes the business & system describing, software collaboration implementing and
infrastructure collaboration supporting.
This part conforms with ISO 19450 – Object-Process Methodology and with Draft International Standard
ISO 17649 – Model-Based Standards Authoring, which was established following the realization that the
next generation of standards must be not only machine-readable, but also executable, so they can be tested
and validated for completeness, coherence, and consistence, both within each standard and across related
standards.
6 The General Framework of CMSE
The general framework of CMSE proposed in this standard includes “Collaborative Modeling & Simulation
Environment Reference Model & Process Enabling”, which is the main process of this standard.
Figure 1 is the OPM( ISO 19450) System Diagram (SD) of the system specified in this standard. This process
fully utilizes the Simulation Environment Reference Model & Process to promote the solution formulation of
the Joint Simulation Project, as specified in this standard.
The Joint Simulation Project can be changed by the process “Collaborative Modeling & Simulation
Environment Reference Model & Process Enabling” from rigid to flexible. The Cross-platform Simulation
Collaboration Capability of Joint Simulation Project can be improved from low to high by the process. The
Simulation Collaboration Reference Model & Process which support the process exhibit Cross-platform
Simulation Collaboration Capability of Joint Simulation Project at state “high”. And Simulation Stakeholder
Group handles “Collaborative Modeling & Simulation Environment Reference Model & Process Enabling” and
participates in the Joint Simulation Project. The Joint Simulation Project encapsulates or selects Simulation
Services which response to Collaborative Environment Interface.

ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
Figure 1 — The OPM(ISO 19450) top-level system diagram of CMSE. Top: OPD. Bottom: The
corresponding OPL paragraph
In Figure 2, “Collaborative Modeling & Simulation Environment Reference Model & Process Enabling” is
in-zoomed in the OPD. This diagram shows that the “Collaborative Modeling & Simulation Environment
Reference Model & Process Enabling” has four sub-processes: “Project Goals Deciding”, “M&S Objectives
Deciding”, “Joint Simulation Project Analyzing” and “Joint Simulation Project Realizing”. “Project Goals
Deciding” yields “Project Goals”, which can be expressed at levels 2-4 of the IEC 62264 functional hierarchy
(see Annex A). “M&S Objectives Deciding” uses the Project Goals to develop a set of M&S Objectives, or
measures of effectiveness, used to drive the M&S experiment. “Joint Simulation Project Analyzing” requires
M&S Objectives and yields “Structured Task List”. The last sub-process “Joint Simulation Project Realizing”
gets the Structured Task List and turns the Joint Simulation Project from flexible to rigid. Meanwhile, it also
turns the Cross-platform Simulation Collaboration capability to state high. The Structured Task List directs
the Joint Simulation Project.
ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
Figure 2 — SD1: The main process in Figure 1 in-zoomed, exposing four sub-processes

ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
7 Joint simulation project analyzing
The “Joint Simulation Project Analyzing” is in-zoomed in the OPD in Figure 3. This process, which requires
M&S Objectives, involves four sub-processes which include “Participant Identifying”, “Structure Analyzing”,
“Behavior Analyzing” and “Model Construction Analyzing”. The description of each sub-process and related
objects is expressed in the OPL in Figure 3. The sub-process “Participant Identifying” yields Participants
List while the sub-process “Structure Analyzing” obtains Objects List. The “Behavior Analyzing” requires
Objects List and produces Process List. The last sub-process “Model Construction Analyzing” requires both
Objects List and Process List and yields Model List. Participants List, Objects List, Process List and Model
List are the parts of Structured Task List.
Figure 3 — SD1.1: Joint simulation project analyzing in-zoomed
8 Joint simulation project realizing
The “Joint Simulation Project Realizing” is in-zoomed in the OPD in Figure 4. This process involves three
sub-processes which include “Business & System Describing”, “Software Collaboration Implementing”
and “Infrastructure Collaboration Supporting”. A description of each sub-process and related objects
appear in the OPL below. “Business & System Describing” requires Structured Task List to yields Business
Description and Simulation Model Description, and “Software Collaboration Implementing” requires these
two Descriptions to yield Simulation Software System. The last process, “Infrastructure Collaboration
Supporting”, requires all three products to yields Joint Simulation Project upon the different infrastructure
of the manufacturing platform at state “flexible”.

ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
Figure 4 — SD1.2: Joint simulation project realizing in-zoomed
NOTE The “Joint Simulation Project Realizing” does not specify an architecture, and the suitable architecture
shall be proposed after fully considering all the aspects of the business and system.
8.1 Business & system describing
The “Business & System Describing” is in-zoomed in the OPD in Figure 5. Process “Business & System
Describing” consists of five sub-processes: “Process Interaction Relationship & Method Describing”,
“Process Interaction Content Describing”, “Process Resource Requirement Describing”, “Simulation System
Describing” and “Description Documnets Distributing”. The first three sub-processes require Collaborative
Environment Meta-model and Process List and create the different parts of the Process Description which is
divided into two parts: Modeling Description such as SES and Simulation & Evaluation Description including
[17,18]
Experimental Frame-System and M&S Objectives. The fourth sub-process requires Model List to create
the Simulation Model Description. The last sub-process requires Business Description and Simulation Model
Description and yields Documents Required by Each of the Stakeholders. The specified relationship of sub-
processes and objects is shown in the OPL below.

ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
Figure 5 — SD1.2.1: Business & system describing in-zoomed

ISO/DIS 21175-1:2025(en)
NOTE Interaction information will be transferred between simulation processes, and the earlier process will
transfer the experimental results to the latter process as the initial conditions. Data transmission (and feedback)
will also be conducted among the modeling, simulation, and evaluation sub-processes within the simulation process.
Collaborative modeling and simulation or evaluation sub-processes are carried out by the simulation stakeholder group.
8.2 Software collaboration implementing
This document follows the service-oriented approach, and focuses on providing a neutral interface to
support the approach. The software service to which the interface belongs and the relationship of the service
and the interface have been specified.
“Software Collaboration Implementing” is in-zoomed in the OPD in Figure 6. The process “Software
Collaboration Implementing” is zoomed into “Interaction Technology Selecting”, “Activities Encapsulating”,
“Services Integrating”, and “System Orchestrating”, which occurs in that time sequence to achieve
encapsulation of the simulation software as the simulation service, and integration of the simulation
services as simulation system. “Software collaboration Implementing” requires Interface of Encapsulation
and Interfac
...