ISO 23247-1:2021

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23247-1
First edition
2021-10
Automation systems and
integration — Digital twin framework
for manufacturing —
Part 1:
Overview and general principles
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Cadre
technique de jumeau numérique dans un contexte de fabrication —
Partie 1: Vue d'ensemble et principes généraux
Reference number
© ISO 2021
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 General terms . 1
3.2 Terms related to digital twin for manufacturing . 2
3.3 Abbreviated terms . 3
4 Overview of digital twin for manufacturing . 3
4.1 Concept of the digital twin for manufacturing . 3
4.2 Applications of the digital twin for manufacturing . . 4
4.2.1 Real-time control . 4
4.2.2 Off-line analytics . 5
4.2.3 Predictive maintenance . 5
4.2.4 Health check . 5
4.2.5 Engineering design . . 5
4.2.6 Production control . . 5
4.2.7 Video surveillance . 5
4.3 Benefits of the digital twin for manufacturing. 5
4.3.1 In-loop planning and validation . 5
4.3.2 Production scheduling assurance . 5
4.3.3 Enhanced understanding of manufacturing elements . 5
4.3.4 Dynamic risk management . 6
4.3.5 Part/assembly traceability . 6
4.3.6 Process traceability . 6
4.4 Observable manufacturing elements . 6
4.4.1 Personnel . 6
4.4.2 Equipment . 6
4.4.3 Material. 6
4.4.4 Process . 6
4.4.5 Facility . 7
4.4.6 Environment . 7
4.4.7 Product . 7
4.4.8 Supporting document . 7
5 General principles of the digital twin framework for manufacturing .7
5.1 Overview . 7
5.2 Limitations and boundaries of the digital twin framework for manufacturing . 7
5.3 Requirements of the digital twin for manufacturing . 8
5.3.1 Accuracy . 8
5.3.2 Communication. 8
5.3.3 Data acquisition . . . 8
5.3.4 Data analysis . 8
5.3.5 Data integrity . 8
5.3.6 Extensibility . 8
5.3.7 Granularity . 8
5.3.8 Identification . 8
5.3.9 Management . 8
5.3.10 Product life-cycle . 8
5.3.11 Security . . . 9
5.3.12 Simulation. 9
5.3.13 Synchronization . 9
5.3.14 Viewpoint . 9
iii
5.3.15 Hierarchical modelling of digital twin for manufacturing . 9
5.4 High level outline for framework implementations . 9
Annex A (informative) Digital twins and the product life-cycle .10
Bibliography .12
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23247 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Introduction
The ISO 23247 series defines a framework to support the creation of digital twins of observable
manufacturing elements including personnel, equipment, materials, manufacturing processes, facilities,
environment, products, and supporting documents.
A digital twin assists with detecting anomalies in manufacturing processes to achieve functional
objectives such as real-time control, predictive maintenance, in-process adaptation, Big Data analytics,
and machine learning. A digital twin monitors its observable manufacturing element by constantly
updating relevant operational and environmental data. The visibility into process and execution
enabled by a digital twin enhances manufacturing operation and business cooperation.
The type of manufacturing supported by an implementation of the ISO 23247 framework depends on
the standards and technologies available to model the observable manufacturing elements. Different
manufacturing domains can use different data standards. As a framework, this document does not
prescribe specific data formats and communication protocols.
The scopes of the four parts of this series are defined below:
— ISO 23247-1: General principles and requirements for developing digital twins in manufacturing;
— ISO 23247-2: Reference architecture with functional views;
— ISO 23247-3: List of basic information attributes for the observable manufacturing elements;
— ISO 23247-4: Technical requirements for information exchange between entities within the
reference architecture.
Figure 1 shows how the four parts of the series are related.
vi
Figure 1 — ISO 23247 series structure
ISO 23247-4:2021, Annexes A to E, provide use cases that demonstrate the digital twin framework
for manufacturing. The use cases are in the discrete manufacturing domain and the digital twins are
modelled using the ISO 10303 series. In other domains, different standards and technologies can be
used. For example, in the oil and gas industry, digital twins may be modelled using the ISO 15926 series,
and for building and construction, digital twins may be modelled using the ISO 16739 series.
vii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23247-1:2021(E)
Automation systems and integration — Digital twin
framework for manufacturing —
Part 1:
Overview and general principles
1 Scope
This document provides an overview and general principles of a digital twin framework for
manufacturing including:
— terms and definitions;
— requirements of the digital twin framework for manufacturing.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
control
purposeful action on or in a process to meet specified objectives
[SOURCE: IEC 60050:2013, 351-42-19, modified — The Notes to entry have been removed.]
3.1.2
element
basic system part that has the characteristics of state, behaviour, and identification
[SOURCE: ISO 14258:1998, 2.2.4]
3.1.3
enterprise
one or more organizations sharing a definite mission, goals, and objectives which provides an output
such as a product or service
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013]
3.1.4
entity
anything (physical or non-physical) having a distinct existence
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 15459-3:2014, 3.1, modified — The Note to entry has been removed.]
3.1.5
Internet of Things
IoT
infrastructure of interconnected entities, people, systems and information resources together with
services which processes and reacts to information from the physical and virtual world
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20924:2021]
3.1.6
management
direction, control (3.1.1), and coordination of work performed to develop a product or perform a service
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, 3.3064, modified — In the term, "process" has been removed.]
3.1.7
physical element
thing that has material existence
3.1.8
resource
any device, tool and means, except raw material and final product components, at the disposal of the
enterprise (3.1.3) to produce goods or services
Note 1 to entry: Resources, as they are defined here, include human resources.
[SOURCE: ISO 15531-1:2004, 3.6.43, modified — Note 1 has been modified. Note 2 has been deleted.]
3.1.9
sensor
device that observes and measures a physical property of a natural phenomenon or process and
converts that measurement into a signal
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 29182-2:2013, 2.1.5, modified — "man-made" has been removed and Note 1 to entry
has been deleted.]
3.1.10
universally unique identifier
UUID
computer-generated identification that, for practical purposes, is unique
3.2 Terms related to digital twin for manufacturing
3.2.1
digital identification method
method selected to identify each OME (3.2.5) and its digital twin
Note 1 to entry: Twins can be identified using UUIDs (3.1.10), part numbering or some other mechanism.
3.2.2
digital representation
data element representing a set of properties of an observable manufacturing element
(3.2.5)
[SOURCE: IIC: PUB: G8V2 .1: PB: 20180822, modified — In the definition, "physical element" has been
replaced with "observable manufacturing element".]
3.2.3
digital twin
fit for purpose digital representation (3.2.2) of an observable manufacturing element
with synchronization between the element and its digital representation
3.2.4
manufacturing process
set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information,
energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area
[SOURCE: ISO 18435-1:2009, 3.16, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.2.5
observable manufacturing element
OME
item that has an observable physical presence or operation in manufacturing.
Note 1 to entry: Observable manufacturing elements include personnel, equipment, material, process, facility,
environment, product, and supporting document.
3.2.6
presentation
manner in which information is displayed for use by a human
Note 1 to entry: Information can be presented in any way that human can sense.
[SOURCE: ASME Y14.47-2019, modified — Note 1 to entry has been modified.]
3.2.7
representation
manner in which information is modelled for interpretation by a machine
[SOURCE: ASME Y14.47-2019, modified — In the definition, "stored" has been changed to "modelled".]
3.2.8
view
viewpoint
projection of a model, from a given perspective, which omits entities that are not relevant to this
perspective
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19501:2005,
...