ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 18046-4
First edition
2015-12-15
Information technology — Radio
frequency identification device
performance test methods —
Part 4:
Test methods for performance of RFID
gates in libraries
Technologies de l’information — Méthodes d’essai des performances
du dispositif d’identification par radiofréquence —
Partie 4: Méthodes d’essai de la performance des portes à RFID dans
les bibliothèques
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2015
© ISO/IEC 2015, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 6
4.1 Symbols . 6
4.2 Abbreviated terms . 7
5 Conditions applicable to the test methods . 7
5.1 Number of interrogators to be tested. 7
5.2 Test environment . 7
5.3 RF environment . 7
5.4 Pre-conditioning . 7
5.5 Default tolerance . 8
5.6 Total measurement uncertainty . 8
5.7 Test result reporting . 8
5.8 Test communication parameters . 8
5.9 Test equipment limits . 8
5.10 Human exposure to EMF . 8
6 Required auxiliary means for performance tests . 8
6.1 Movement apparatus . 8
6.2 PC with test software . 8
6.3 Reference blocks . 9
6.3.1 General. 9
6.3.2 Tags . 9
6.3.3 Tag block . 9
6.3.4 Tag bundle .10
6.3.5 Media stack .11
6.4 Active interferer .13
6.5 Passive Interferer .14
7 Performance tests .14
7.1 General remarks .14
7.2 Measurement of transmitter carrier H-field level .14
7.3 Detection field homogeneity .17
7.4 Reliability of detection .18
7.4.1 General.18
7.4.2 Procedure (on the basis of AFI) .19
7.4.3 Procedure with increased walking speed .19
7.4.4 Procedure with 6 tags and read data of 34 bytes, walking speed (only on
the basis of AFI) .20
7.4.5 Procedure with 6 tags and read data of 34 bytes, increased walking speed
(only on the basis of AFI) .20
7.5 Stack performance .20
7.6 Immunity to interferences .22
7.6.1 General.22
7.6.2 Analysis 1 (active interferer) .23
7.6.3 Analysis 2 (passive metallic interferer) .25
8 Assessment of the complete product test .26
9 Certificate .26
Annex A (normative) Test Record (AFI) .27
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved iii

Annex B (informative) Media stack .41
Bibliography .42
iv © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee
SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
ISO/IEC 18046 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Radio
frequency identification device performance test methods:
— Part 1: Test methods for system performance
— Part 2: Test methods for interrogator performance
— Part 3: Test methods for tag performance
— Part 4: Test methods for performance of RFID gates in libraries
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved v

Introduction
This part of ISO/IEC 18046 covers test methods for the performance of HF RFID gates in libraries. The
term HF RFID gate refers to an HF RFID interrogator that supports an arrangement of several HF RFID
antennas utilizing multiplexers or splitters. Antenna pairs are usually placed on opposite sides of a so-
called passage way through which tags are moved and captured. The positioning of such HF RFID gates
at entrances, exits and transit positions within buildings thus permits the capturing of access and/or
outward movement of objects/media or media stacks.
At the same time, the possibility of stack (bundle) detection permits the simultaneous recognition of
several tags. HF RFID gates are available as permanently installed or mobile variants. The reading
range of HF RFID gates is limited but can be set in the range of 0,5 m to 2 m for 13,56 MHz (inductive
coupling) systems based on the size and number of antennas and/or of the tag properties.
The main purpose of the gates within a library lies in anti-theft protection of media using simple
reading of security bits (AFI or EAS) on a tag. Aside from that, they also permit the capturing of the
specific medium by reading out extended information that can be additionally stored in a tag. There are
also hybrid systems, which additionally allow capturing of so-called EAS magnetic strips.
HF RFID gates within libraries are frequently used in combination with visitor counters (e.g. light
barriers) which permit direction-dependent capturing of gate use. These visitor counters can be
installed optionally or can alternatively be a fixed part of the gate.
Current gates can recognize tags in horizontal and vertical as well as diagonal positions. A few possess
auto-tuning functions that automatically correct the magnetic field if there is a drop in performance.
The selected operating mode (AFI) is constant throughout the entire individual tests.
Figure 1 shows four essential processes that could be identified for HF RFID gates in libraries. These
are, on the one hand, the registration of media security at the time of access/outward movement of
objects and therewith the alarm functions. Then, there is the pure detection of media information of
the tags that have been moved. Furthermore, there is the optional counting of visitors and finally, the
communication with the backend systems of the library, though this is not compulsory. In its main
function of media security, a gate should also function offline.
Procedures in
gates
Request of
Detection of Communication Registration of
media information
media protection with backend visitor low
Alarm
Figure 1 — Typical process flow at a gate
By increasing service demands in the area of opening times and increasing cost pressures at the same
time, public and academic libraries increasingly rely on the use of automated accounting systems based
on radio frequency technology. In addition to posting the media for lending and return, the technology
also provides an anti-theft device. Core components for preventing burglary are sensor systems, which
vi © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved

are installed in the form of pass gates at the entry and exit. Prior to this part of ISO/IEC 18046, there
were no requirements and test specifications that describe the performance of these sensor systems
uniformly. With the present test methods for standardization of performance evaluation of HF RFID
gates for use in libraries, this gap will be closed.
The RFID performance of the gates can be impaired if objects that have an influence on the magnetic
fields are present in the direct vicinity of the gates. Materials such as metals, water and substances with
a high density can influence transmission here. In libraries, it is mostly due to constructional and/or
architectural reasons that such objects are present in the direct vicinity of HF RFID gates. These can
be metallic door frames, staircase railings, floor heating as well as sign plates or metallic furniture. In
many cases, it is not possible to maintain a minimum distance, resulting in possible performance losses
of the antennas. Special influence is also exerted by power lines with high output or lines with power
line telecommunication within the building which are laid into the floor or in the walls and are not
visually identifiable as sources of interference.
Influences can be caused by active and passive sources. These include the RFID components themselves.
The passive sources of interference include all kinds of furniture of a library composed of or containing
metal which can possibly have an interfering influence and can distort the detection field. This also
includes tags disposed in the vicinity of the gates which are positioned in a secured variant within the
library. All kinds of electrical devices and machines that can exert an electro-magnetic influence on the
gate in libraries, and/or buildings, in general, can be summed up as active interferers.
In this part of ISO/IEC 18046, references to HF RFID gates, interrogators, and tags usually assume HF
RFID gates, HF interrogators, and HF tags.
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved vii

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E)
Information technology — Radio frequency identification
device performance test methods —
Part 4:
Test methods for performance of RFID gates in libraries
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 18046 defines test methods for performance characteristics of HF RFID gates in
libraries for item management and specifies the general requirements and test requirements for HF
RFID gates in libraries which are applicable to the selection of the gates for an application. The summary
of the test reports form a unified tag datasheet. It does not apply to testing in relation to regulatory or
similar requirements.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management —
Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device performance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for tag performance
1)
ISO/IEC 19762 , Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques
— Harmonized vocabulary
EN 300330-1 V 1.8.0:2014-06, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the frequency range 9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems
in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 and the
following apply.
3.1
walking speed
at a speed of 1 m/s
3.2
increased walking speed
at a speed of 2 m/s
3.3
direction of movement
direction in which a gate is passed by persons in normal
operation
1) To be published.
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved 1

3.4
system interface
describes the interface, over which the system “Gate” exchanges information with a higher level IT system
Note 1 to entry: The system interface is accessible from outside the object. Often, a proprietary, interrogator-
specific, communication protocol is applied here.
3.5
rate of detection
represents the average number of detected tags per test set-up over three repetitions per distance
travelled
3.6
travel distance
testing instruments such as tag, tag bundles or media stacks are moved on the travel distance through
the gate (DUT)
Note 1 to entry: Its length is 3 m. At the same time, the centre point of the travelling distance lies at half depth of
the gate. In cases, where the gate has an especially large depth, the travelling distance is extended such that its
start and its end are securely at a distance at which no tag can be detected.
3.7
reference plane
plane to which all measures of altitude refer as shown in Figure 2
Key
1 antenna
2 reference plane
Figure 2 — Reference plane
Note 1 to entry: The reference plane corresponds to the plane on which persons pass through the gate when it is
actually mounted. The gate is directly mounted on this plane. The reference plane is a part of the measurement
apparatus. For ensuring stability, the gate is directly mounted on the mounting plate of the movement apparatus.
It is at the height of the reference plane.
3.8
gate width
width that is of relevance for the persons passing through the gate as shown in Figure 3
2 © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved

1 m
Key
1 antenna
2 gate width
Figure 3 — Gate width
Note 1 to entry: The passage width refers to the distance between the antennas which is of relevance for the
passage of persons through the gate. The gate width is measured at 1 m height above the reference plane.
3.9
detection range
right-angled slice plane of the passage way (route) between two gate antennas
Note 1 to entry: The detection range is restricted
— to the gate width of the gate in terms of width, and
— to the upper limit of the detection range (h) specified by the manufacturer or, if this information is missing,
to the upper limit of the gate housing, and to the lower limit of the detection range (m) specified by the
manufacturer or, if this information is missing, to the fixed dimension of m = 25 cm above the reference plane,
in terms of height.
Note 2 to entry: The dimensions of the acquisition range are defined once and are identically applicable to
all analyses.
3.10
operating mode
DUT is operated in the same operating mode during the tests
Note 1 to entry: That means that the detection is based on the AFI principle during all individual tests.
3.11
tag state “secured”
AFI byte possesses the value 07 (0x07)
Note 1 to entry: The address data refers to the data sheet of the chip used.
3.12
tag state “borrowed”
AFI byte possesses the value 194 (0xC2)
Note 1 to entry: The address data refers to the data sheet of the chip used.
3.13
tag Orientation
A plane of the tag antenna parallel to the planes of the gate antennas, main dimension of the tag
antenna in walking direction
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved 3

Figure 4 — Tag orientation A
B planes of the tag antenna rectangular to the planes of the gate antennas, main dimension of the
tag antenna vertical
Figure 5 — Tag orientation B
C plane of the tag antenna horizontally, main dimension of the tag in walking direction
4 © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved

Figure 6 — Tag orientation C
D analogue to A, plane of the tag antenna 30° raked at the longitudinal axis of the main dimension
Figure 7 — Tag orientation D
E analogue C, plane of the tag antenna 30° raked at the axis in the antenna plane rectangular to
the main dimension
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved 5

Figure 8 — Tag orientation E
F planes of the tag antenna parallel to the plans of the gate antennas, main direction of the tag
antenna vertical
Figure 9 — Tag orientation F
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 18046, the symbols found in ISO/IEC 19762 and the
following apply.
b gate width (in m)
e travel plane spacing (in m)
f frequency (in Hz)
g antenna width (in m)
6 © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved

H magnetic field intensity (in A/m)
h upper limit of the detection range (in m)
k plane distance (in m)
l travel distance (in m)
m lower limit of the detection range (in m)
n distance from the antenna plane to the first measurement points (in m)
p workstation height (in m)
s distance between interferer and gate (in m)
u distance between the antennas of a tag (in m)
4.2 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 18046, the symbols found in ISO/IEC 19762 and the
following apply.
AFI application family identifier
DUT device under test
EAS electronic article surveillance
UID unique identifier
NOTE  ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC 31, in general, uses the term UII; however, as ISO/IEC 18000-3 Mode 1 directly
refers to ISO/IEC 15693, the term UID applies in this case.
UII unique item identifier
5 Conditions applicable to the test methods
5.1 Number of interrogators to be tested
Unless otherwise specified, testing shall be performed on 1 randomly chosen interrogator or gate.
5.2 Test environment
Unless otherwise specified, testing shall take place in air environment of temperature
23 °C +/- 3 °C (73 °F +/- 5 °F) and of relative humidity 40 % to 60 %.
5.3 RF environment
The tests shall be performed in a known RF environment.
For measurement with operating frequencies below 30 MHz a typical laboratory environment is
sufficient, where consideration is given to minimize the impact of electromagnetic sources that may
influence the results.
5.4 Pre-conditioning
Where pre-conditioning is required by the test method, the identification tags to be tested shall be
conditioned to the test environment for a period of 24 hours before testing.
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved 7

5.5 Default tolerance
Unless otherwise specified, a default tolerance of +/- 1 % shall be applied to the quantity values
given to specify the characteristics of the test equipment (e.g. linear dimensions) and the test method
procedures (e.g. test equipment adjustments).
5.6 Total measurement uncertainty
The total measurement uncertainty for each quantity determined by these test methods shall be stated
in the test report.
NOTE Basic information is given in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008.
5.7 Test result reporting
Test result reporting is specified for each test in the test description.
5.8 Test communication parameters
All the tests may be done for various communication parameters (forward and return link) as selected
by the vendor of the DUT. The tests conditions shall be recorded in the test report.
5.9 Test equipment limits
It shall be ensured that the test equipment is not limiting the performance of the measurement.
5.10 Human exposure to EMF
High magnetic or electromagnetic field strength may exceed the limits of maximum permissible
human exposure to EMF, which should be considered accordingly. FCC guidelines for MPE and SAR or
EC 1999/519/CE are examples for relevant documents.
6 Required auxiliary means for performance tests
6.1 Movement apparatus
This shall be an apparatus that permits the translatory movement of testing instruments within the
gate at variously defined speeds. The vertical (height) and horizontal position for the movement shall
be adjustable. In this way test movement tracks can be “traced” one after the other at defined positions
in direction of travel. The length of the travel distance shall be at least 3 m. The speed shall be adjustable
and it shall at least support 1 m/s and 2 m/s. The movement apparatus shall be essentially composed of
non-metallic material.
6.2 PC with test software
The test software shall at the minimum visualize the UII (or UID as applicable) (unique item identifier
according to ISO/IEC 18000-3 Mode 1) of the tag detected in the gate. Furthermore, it shall show for
each tag the first 34 data bytes from the user memory. The process shall be realized in a way that
this necessary information is simultaneously visible on a PC monitor for a minimum of 18 tags. This
function shall be implemented in the DUT.
Furthermore it is recommended that the software additionally logs the detection of tag using log files.
If a log file is maintained then the entry shall at least contain the time (hour, minute, second), UII (or
UID as applicable) and the first 34 data bytes of the user memory.
The test laboratory shall have the possibility to automate the movement process flows of the test
devices in the gate. This automation should if possible also include the assessment of the detected UIIs
8 © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved

(or UIDs as applicable). In order to permit this, the DUT vendor shall make available an interface of the
RFID interrogator of the gate. The functional scope and/or the degree of automation are determined by
the test laboratory.
6.3 Reference blocks
6.3.1 General
Reference blocks are devices which are used for checking the characteristics of the gates. Depending
upon their purpose, they possess varying configurations and are essentially composed of a holder
structure made of dry Plywood and definitively dimensioned and installed RFID Tags.
6.3.2 Tags
All tags used in the tests shall be from the same production batch. Tags shall be commercially available
(on the market) tags with an antenna size of 76 mm x 45 mm (+/- 1 mm tolerance) with very little
variation of their characteristics within the batch.
The selection of tags shall be done as follows:
a) Selection of a commercially available tag type with the same antenna type and chip type for each tag
b) Selection of tags with a resonance frequency between 13,96 MHz and 14,02 MHz (resulting in
13,56 MHz to 13,62 MHz when placed in the media stack), whereas the resonance frequency shall
be measured as defined in ISO/IEC 18046-3.
c) Verification of the Hmin, identification < 56 mA/m (according ISO/IEC 18046-3) for each tag
d) Assembling of tags in test devices
Different to the other tags, the tags to be used for the media stack shall also be selected according to the
5 items above, however, the target resonance frequency range shall be achieved without any additional
dielectric material.
6.3.3 Tag block
The reference tag block describes a test device. This is a block, composed of 5 tags, out of which 3 shall
be respectively arranged on right angled planes to each other and 2 tags shall be arranged at an angle of
30°. They shall be fastened onto a holder material (i.e. dry Plywood) that only causes very low dielectric
influence. The holder material should have fastening and/or take-up options, which facilitate fitting on
the movement apparatus. For illustration, see Figure 10.
B
C
E
AD
B
C
E
A
D
Figure 10 — Tag block
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved 9

The tag block, which shall be used for the measurement of detection field homogeneity, shall be
configured as follows:
— Tags glued on 10 mm dry Plywood
— The UIIs (or UIDs as applicable) of the various tags shall have different content in the last 4 bits
— Tags A, B and C shall be arranged in 3 layers at right angles to each other (A horizontal in longitudinal
direction of the block, B vertical at right angle to the longitudinal direction of the block, C vertical in
longitudinal direction of the block)
— Tag D shall be arranged analogous to A, though rotated by 30° around the longitudinal axis of the
block as compared to A
— Tag E shall be arranged analogous to B, though inclined by 30° as compared to B
— The centre points of the tags shall be arranged such that they are located exactly one after another
on the line of travel during the travel operation
— The distance between the antennas of the tags shall be u = 60 mm
6.3.4 Tag bundle
The tag bundle is a testing medium, which shall contain 18 tags in a bundle in identical orientation
and well decoupled from each other. As represented in Figure 11 they shall be arranged on 3 levels of
6 pieces each. The value of the last half-byte of the tag UII (or UID as applicable) shall appear at most
twice within the bundle.
The levels shall be spaced at a distance k = 100 mm from each other. In one plane, the distance of tag
to tag in the horizontal direction shall be 45 mm and in the vertical direction it shall be 75 mm. These
dimension data refer to the outer edge of the electrical conductor of the antenna loop of the tag. The
tolerance shall be +/- 2 mm.
10 © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved

qz
qy
qx
K
Key
K distance of planes
Figure 11 — Tag bundle
The active part of the tag bundle has the dimensions qx, qy, qz. These dimensions are based on the
respective orientation of the outermost conductor loop of the external tags.
The tag bundle is utilized in the tests in the orientations F (see Figure 9), B (see Figure 5), C (see
Figure 6) (5 Definitions).
6.3.5 Media stack
In order to have a generic definition for the test the media stack is defined by a stack of paper, where
each sheet shall have the size of approximately ISO A5 (148 mm by 210 mm). The thickness of these
books including book cover shall be replicated using multiple sheets of this paper.
In order to simulate a stack of books the 9 tags shall be affixed to sheets in the paper stack as defined in
Table 1, where:
— The tag position (column 2) refers to the location of the tag on the page (see Figure 12);
— The tag height (column 3) refers to the position of the tagged sheet in the paper stack.”
NOTE As shown in Annex B, a stack of real books has been used in the original tests. However, as global
supply of identical books is difficulty, the paper replacement has been introduced fort the actual tests
For the development of the media stack really existing books, as shown in Annex B, have been taken.
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved 11

Table 1 — Tag positioning in the reference stack
Tag Number Tag Position Tag height h in mm from zero level
in reference stack
1 A 224
2 D 210
3 C 193
4 B 183
5 A 166
6 D 145
7 C 120
8 B 93
9 A 59
The overall height of the paper stack is 225 mm. The tag height has been evaluated by measuring the
position of the tag when attached to the inside of the top cover of the book used.
AB
D C
148,5
Figure 12 — Tag positioning within the paper stack
The created paper stack shall be fixed using dry Plywood. The dry Plywood body shall provide fasteners
for fastening onto the movement apparatus in three different orientations.
12 © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved
The resonance frequency of the tags is mainly determined by the paper and the respective neighbouring
tags, whereas tags selected according 6.3.2 shall be used. The AFI value shall be pre-set to “secure” (see
definitions for value).
qx
Figure 13 — Media stack
The media stack possesses the dimensions qx, qy, qz. These dimensions are based on the outermost
edges of the paper block in the respective orientation.
The media stack bundle is utilised in the tests in the orientations F, B, C (See Clause 3).
6.4 Active interferer
The active interferer shall be a loop antenna (300 mm x 200 mm), where the long side is oriented towards
the test device, in a horizontal arrangement. It shall be controlled by a separate RFID interrogator. For
f = 13,56 MHz the magnetic field shall be H = 2,4 A/m at the antenna centre with 15 % modulation
(ISO/IEC 18000-3 Mode 1) with the tag in the vicinity of the antenna (facing away from the test device).
Figure 14 describes the measurement setup.
Figure 14 — Measurement setup for determining the magnetic field strength
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved 13
qy
h
qz
6.5 Passive Interferer
The passive interferer (steel sheet) simulates a ferromagnetic object present at the client end, e.g. pillar.
It shall be composed of 2 mm thick steel sheet with the dimensions 300 mm width and 2000 mm length.
On the longitudinal sides, the sheet shall have a 100 mm folded edge. A foot shall be fastened onto the
lower edge. The sheet steel shall always be used standing upright.
7 Performance tests
7.1 General remarks
All the described test procedures are regarded as a unit and shall only be done together.
The test result only applies for the tested configuration. The test result loses its validity in case of
any changes performed on the tested product (DUT) as e.g. by exchange of individual components or
decisive settings.
7.2 Measurement of transmitter carrier H-field level
The transmitted carrier H-field shall be measured. This may be done according to the local regulations.
However, as the methods are globally very similar the definitions according to EN 300 330 are
recommended to be used and this is described in detail in this subclause.
HF RFID gates, which work at 13,56 MHz, communicate with the tag for fulfilling their intended
purpose using purely magnetic coupling. From this, it follows that any kind of radiation that leaves the
direct environment of the system Gate – Tag is unwanted. The term interference radiation describes the
radiated H-field, measured under certain conditions. (See EN 300 330-1, 7.2). The measurement setup
and the procedure are shall be based on EN 300 330-1 as this describes that method very well and may
be used for global regulations.
The purpose of this analysis has two focuses, which are:
a) Determining as to whether adjustment of the operating point of the transmission power
is possible according to the equipment documentation, with the requirements of standard
EN 300 330 being met.
b) Determining the magnetic field strength in the direct vicinity of the antenna in the operating
point as reference value for the purpose of transfer to the other test super structural parts of this
laboratory test and also to the acceptance test after the installation.
The interference radiation is determined only at the operating frequency of the DUT. Thus, this analysis
represents only a very small extract from the test according to EN 300 330.
DUT: Gate, composed of 2 antennas, 1,0 m spacing, normal operating mode
Setup, auxiliary materials and limit values may be derived from EN 300 330-1 and/or -2. An H-field
probe calibrated at 13,56 MHz is additionally needed. The representation of the test setup shown in
Figure 16 is meant merely for the purpose of clarification. Decisive are the data given in EN 300 330.
Figure 15 shows ETSI EN 300 330-1 V.1.8.0 (2014-06), Annex G:
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Figure 15 — Interference level limit value (Source: ETSI EN 300 330-1 V.1.8.0)
R 20 m
a
Key
1 measurement antenna
2 DUT (2 antennas)
a 10 m
R 20 m, free field
Figure 16 — Measurement setup of interference radiation
Procedure:
The interference radiation shall be measured based on EN 300 330, whereas only the interference level
at 13,56 MHz according to EN 300 330 shall be measured.
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved 15

Based on Figure 17 the level of magnetic field strength shall be determined at a well reproducible
point on the plane of both antennas, i.e. a point in an area in which the level exhibits a minimum
position dependency.
Key
1 H-field probe on antenna surface
2 position of H-field probe
x,y evaluated position
Figure 17 — Acquisition of H-field level in the vicinity of the antenna
The measurement shall be continued with the following steps
— Rotate the test devices into the angle in which the largest interference level is registered
— Retune the transmission power as described at the outset
— Measurement of magnetic field strength (peak value) in the direct vicinity of each antenna, while
determining a well reproducible position on the plane of the respective antenna using H-field probe
— The following shall be documented:
— Measured values of H-field strength of both the antennas
— Position of the H-field probe during measurement with a tolerance of x and y of max. +/- 1 mm
(after determining an area with minimum position dependency of the level)
— Test setup using a photo
Assessment:
a) The H-field spectrum mask (according to EN 300 330) of the gate configuration relevant for the test
shall be recorded.
b) The value of the magnetic field strength in the direct vicinity of the antennas shall be recorded. In
further analyses, this serves as the parameter for ensuring the comparability of gate configuration.
After the installation of the gate in real environment, it serves as the measure by which the
registration properties under real conditions are determined.
16 © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved

7.3 Detection field homogeneity
The test delivers detailed findings about the distribution of the detection capacity within the gate given
various gate widths.
DUT:
The DUT shall be a gate, composed of 2 antennas, installed with the spacing specified by the
manufacturer (multiple of 10 cm) and controlled as in real operation, but with 1 time slot
Auxiliary material:
The auxiliary material shall be:
— A reference tag block (5 book tags), tags respectively “secured” with AFI value.
— Movement apparatus
— PC with test software
Configuration:
The gate shall be on an open area test site (without significant interfering influences, at a distance
of min. 3 m from influencing structural installations). The movement apparatus shall be arranged so
that it is in a position to move the reference tag according to Figure 18 on defined paths with narrow
tolerances in direction of passage through the gate.
l
b
/ 2
b
g
n
Key
b gate width
e travel plane spacing
g antenna width
l travel distance
h upper limit of the detection range
m lower limit of the detection range
n distance from the antenna plane to the first measurements points
Figure 18 — Representation of the lateral view of the planes of the travel paths
The distance n shall be 300 mm.
The plane of the lowermost lines of travel shall lie in the lower limit of the detection range (m). Its
height shall be specified by the manufacturer. If this information is missing, then m shall be 25 cm.
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved 17
m e
m
e
h
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